ODM

Aims to improve wastewater monitoring through interoperable data by providing robust support for reporting of biological, toxic or other health hazards.

covid-19 covid19 data-dictionary metadata naming-conventions odm sars-cov-2 vocabulary wastewater

Natural Resources - Water Supply and Quality - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

PowerJoular

Allows monitoring power consumption of multiple platforms and processes.

ada energy green joular power powerjoular software

Consumption - Computation and Communication - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

PAMGuard

World leading software for the Detection, Classification, and Localisation of marine mammal and other animal sounds.

bats classification detection dolphins localisation whales

Biosphere - Terrestrial Wildlife - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

pommesdispatch

A bottom-up fundamental power market model for the German electricity sector.

market modeling oemof opensource optimization power python

Energy Systems - Energy Markets - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

StreamCat

Provides summaries of natural and anthropogenic landscape features for ~2.65 million streams, and their associated catchments, within the conterminous USA.

dataset hydrology nhdplus ord research watersheds

Hydrosphere - Ocean and Hydrology Data Access - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

ONEARMY

A series of tools for the Precious Plastic community to collaborate around the world and tackle plastic waste.

Industrial Ecology - Circular Economy and Waste - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

lowtrip

A web app to compute travel CO2eq for different means of transport worldwide.

carbon-footprint energy map slow-travelers travel

Consumption - Mobility and Transportation - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

Tree Mapper App

Tree Mapper extends the Plant-for-the-Planet App and allows on site coordinate submission during plantation.

climate-change plant react-native reforestation

Biosphere - Deforestation and Reforestation - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 7.0

ECCO-v4-Python-Tutorial

Contains a several tutorials for using the ECCO Central Production Version 4 ocean and sea-ice state estimate.

Sustainable Development - Education - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

ECRAD

A radiation scheme suitable for use in atmospheric weather and climate models.

Atmosphere - Radiative Transfer - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

APIS

Autonomous Power Interchange System is an innovative open-source platform that enables Physical Peer-to-Peer (PP2P) energy sharing between distributed batteries in microgrids.

Energy Storage - Battery - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

Haztrak

A web application that aims to illustrate how hazardous waste management software can interface with EPA's e-Manifest systems to track hazardous waste electronically from cradle-to-grave.

olem

Industrial Ecology - Circular Economy and Waste - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

WaterwayMap

River Basins from OpenStreetMap.

data-visualization geo geospatial openstreetmap openstreetmap-data osm osm-data river-network-analysis river-networks topology water watershed

Hydrosphere - Ocean and Hydrology Data Access - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

OBIA4RTM

Aims for plant parameter retrieval - relevant in smart farming applications - by using radiative transfer models and object-based image analysis that directly addresses actual user needs and policy demands in a highly efficient, flexible and scalable way.

google-earth-engine image-analysis imagery obia remote remote-sensing rtm sentinel-2 vegetation

Consumption - Agriculture and Nutrition - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

Asset-level Transition Risk in the Global Coal, Oil, and Gas Supply Chains

The global fossil fuel supply chain, mapped at the asset-level.

Emissions - Emission Observation and Modeling - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

DistrictGenerator

An open-source, Python-based tool that provides urban planners, energy suppliers, and related professionals with essential insights into energy demands, enabling effective neighborhood energy system design and supply harmonization.

maintained tool

Consumption - Buildings and Heating - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

SMOKE

Create emissions inputs for multiple air quality modeling systems with unmatched speed and flexibility.

air-quality emissions-model

Natural Resources - Air Quality - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

RC_BuildingSimulator

A Resistance Capacitance Model for an Energetic Simulation of a Building.

Consumption - Buildings and Heating - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

GBIF Name Parser

The core GBIF scientific name parser library.

Biosphere - Biodiversity Data Cleaning and Standardization - Last synced: 17 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

ECTO

Modular environmental exposures ontology.

environment exposure health monarchinitiative obo obofoundry ontology owl

Sustainable Development - Taxonomy and Ontology - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

Linux Foundation Energy Landscape

This landscape is intended as a map to explore the open source projects in the energy sector, and also shows the member companies of the LF Energy Foundation.

landscape

Sustainable Development - Curated Lists - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

BOxCrete

An open-source Bayesian optimization framework for probabilistic strength curve prediction and sustainable mix design of concrete.

Consumption - Buildings and Heating - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

Carbonalyser

Allows to visualize the electricity consumption and greenhouse gases emissions that your Internet browsing leads to.

addon carbon-emissions chrome-extension ecology firefox-addon

Consumption - Computation and Communication - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

ClimWeb

Wagtail based Open Source Content Management System for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Africa.

agriculture-data cap climate climate-adaptation climate-change cms content-management-system early-warning-systems environment geospatial hydrology impact-based-forecasting national-meteorology nmhs satellite-imagery sustainable-development wagtail weather weather-warnings website-template

Atmosphere - Meteorological Observation and Forecast - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

renewable power plant

Contains scripts to create lists of renewable power plants in Germany, Denmark, France and Poland, and daily time series of cumulated installed capacity per energy source type for Germany.

Energy Systems - Renewable Energy Integration - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.9

EnTiSe

Provides a flexible, pipeline- and strategy-based approach to create time series for different applications including HVAC, domestic hot water, electricity, mobility, and occupancy patterns.

demand energy generation time-series

Energy Systems - Load and Demand Forecasting - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

World Carbon Pricing Database

This dataset contains information on carbon pricing mechanisms (carbon taxes or cap-and-trade) introduced around the world since 1990.

Emissions - Carbon Offsets and Trading - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

FLOWFarm.jl

Wind farm simulation tool for gradient-based optimization.

Renewable Energy - Wind Energy - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

AnyMOD.jl

Creating large scale energy system models with multiple periods of capacity expansion formulated as linear optimization problems.

capacity-expansion-planning energy julia linear-programming optimization

Energy Systems - Energy System Modeling Frameworks - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

PyETo

A Python library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration, sometimes referred to as potential evapotranspiration.

Consumption - Agriculture and Nutrition - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Awesome ERDDAP

A curated list of awesome Environmental Research Division's Data Access Program (ERDDAP) projects and deployments.

awesome awesome-list cc0 erddap lists resources

Sustainable Development - Curated Lists - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

EV2Gym

A V2G Simulation Environment for large scale EV charging optimization.

deep-reinforcement-learning electric-vehicles gurobi gym mathematical-programming model-predictive-control simulator

Consumption - Mobility and Transportation - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Data Science for Energy System Modelling

Find practical introductions to many Python packages that are useful for dealing with energy data and building energy system modells.

data-science energy energy-data energy-system-modelling

Sustainable Development - Education - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Intro to Physical Oceanography

Course materials for Introduction to Physical Oceanography.

Sustainable Development - Education - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Transactive Energy Service System

A platform to design, deploy, and operate transactive energy systems in electric utility retail environments.

Energy Systems - Energy System Modeling Frameworks - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

restarters.net

A suite of software for the repair community.

Industrial Ecology - Circular Economy and Waste - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

National Climate Transparency Tool

Your gateway to ensure robust Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) toward the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) and to accelerate implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

climate digital-public-goods greenhouse-gas-emissions sustainable-development-goals

Emissions - Emission Observation and Modeling - Last synced: 17 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Watershed Workflow

Python workflows for data-rich, hyper-resolution simulations of hydrologic models on watersheds.

Hydrosphere - Freshwater and Hydrology - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Sentinel-Tree-Cover

This project maps tree extent at the ten-meter scale using open source artificial intelligence and satellite imagery.

Biosphere - Forest Remote Sensing - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

semanticClimate

Conversion of IPCC documents into semantic form.

Climate Change - Climate Data Processing and Analysis - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Marxan Cloud platform

Supports collaboration and decision-making for biodiversity conservation and socio-economic objectives for land, freshwater and ocean systems.

Biosphere - Conservation and Restoration - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Statistics for Soil Survey

Develop solutions to investigate soil survey correlation problems and update activities.

digital-soil-mapping eda ncss nrcs pedology pedometrics s4ss soil soil-survey spatial-data statistics tabular-data usda

Natural Resources - Soil and Land - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Hydrocron

An API that repackages hydrology datasets from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite into formats that make time-series analysis easier.

development tva

Hydrosphere - Ocean and Hydrology Data Access - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Cifonauta

Marine biology image database by CEBIMar/USP.

cnpq database django image-database marine-biology postgresql python scientific zoology

Biosphere - Marine Life and Fishery - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

Polaris

Provides infrastructure, test cases and analysis tasks related to the ocean, land-ice and sea-ice components of the Exascale Energy Earth System Model.

Cryosphere - Sea Ice - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.8

BioPAL

The BIOMASS Product Algorithm Laboratory hosts official tools for processing and analysing ESA's BIOMASS mission data.

Biosphere - Biomass - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

useeior

Estimating potential environmental impacts of goods and services in the US economy.

ord research

Industrial Ecology - Input Output Model - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

TreeLS

High performance R functions for forest data processing based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning (but not only) point clouds.

Biosphere - Forest Remote Sensing - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

OPERA Applications

Contain several Jupyter notebooks that provide introductions and showcase applications of the OPERA products including flood mapping, water reservoir monitoring and monitoring wildfire evolution.

Hydrosphere - Ocean and Hydrology Data Access - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Glacier Mapping From Satellite Imagery

Use computer vision to automatically segment debris and ice glaciers from satellite images.

Cryosphere - Glacier and Ice Sheets - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

emobility-smart-charging

Smart charging algorithms with REST API for electric vehicle fleets.

Consumption - Mobility and Transportation - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Balmorel

A bottom-up partial equilibrium energy system model that has traditionally been applied to investigate decarbonisation pathways of sector-coupled energy systems, infrastructure, renewable fuel production and more.

energy-system-model gams optimisation-model

Energy Systems - Energy System Modeling Frameworks - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

CarrierCapture.jl

A set of codes to compute carrier capture and recombination rates in semiconducting compounds like solar cells.

defects electronic-structure materials-design semiconductors solar-cells

Renewable Energy - Photovoltaics and Solar Energy - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

LakeEnsemblR

An R package that facilitates multi-model ensembles for lake thermodynamics.

Hydrosphere - Freshwater and Hydrology - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Soundbay

An intuitive and comprehensive Python-based framework for training deep learning models and apply them in bioacoustic research.

Biosphere - Marine Life and Fishery - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

FAME

Its purpose is supporting the rapid development and fast execution of complex agent-based energy system simulations.

FAME

Energy Systems - Energy System Modeling Frameworks - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

SpiceEV

Simulation Program for Individual Charging Events of Electric Vehicles.

Consumption - Mobility and Transportation - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

COPPER

The Canadian Opportunities for Planning and Production of Electricity Resources (COPPER) framework is a multi-period, optimization-based CEM that co-optimizes investment in thermal generation, REs, transmission network, and storage technologies.

Energy Systems - Energy System Modeling Frameworks - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Carob

Create reproducible workflows that reshape primary agricultural research data from experiments and surveys into a standard format, and to aggregate individual data sets into larger collections that can be used in further research.

Consumption - Agriculture and Nutrition - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Code against Climate Change

A curated list of tech projects against climate change - hoping to inspire disruptive technological climate action.

Sustainable Development - Curated Lists - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Forest Structural Complexity Tool

Allowing plot scale measurements to be extracted automatically from most high-resolution forest point clouds from a variety of sensor sources.

Biosphere - Forest Remote Sensing - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

CSDMS Ivy

Course material on scientific software development for researchers in earth and planetary surface processes.

bash best-practices bmi csdms education geoscience git hpc jupyter landlab pymt python

Sustainable Development - Education - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

eeweather

Fetch NCDC ISD, TMY3, or CZ2010 weather data that corresponds to ZIP Code Tabulation Areas or Latitude/Longitude.

weather weather-data weather-station

Atmosphere - Meteorological Observation and Forecast - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

CARDAMOM

A Bayesian inference approach for using terrestrial ecosystem observations to optimize terrestrial carbon cycle model states and processes parameters.

Emissions - Emission Observation and Modeling - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

GGIRCS

BC Climate Action Secretariat's Greenhouse Gas Industrial Reporting and Control System.

cas-ggircs dds env

Emissions - Carbon Intensity and Accounting - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Protected Planet

The most up to date and complete source of data on protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), updated monthly with submissions from governments, non-governmental organizations, landowners and communities.

Biosphere - Biodiversity Data Access and Management - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

The-building-data-genome-project

A collection of non-residential buildings for performance analysis and algorithm benchmarking.

commercial-building electrical-meters electricity-meter energy-efficiency feature-engineering feature-extraction jupyter-notebook open-data smart-meter temporal-data

Consumption - Buildings and Heating - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

EarthRanger

Aids protected area managers, ecologists, and wildlife biologists in making more informed operational decisions for wildlife conservation.

Biosphere - Terrestrial Wildlife - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Copernicus Marine Service Toolbox

A CLI and Python package for discovering, filtering, and downloading Copernicus Marine datasets and metadata with support for subsetting, multiple output formats, and direct Marine Data Store access.

Hydrosphere - Ocean and Hydrology Data Access - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

ecodata

A data package for reporting on Northeast Continental Shelf ecosystem status and trends.

data-package soe

Biosphere - Marine Life and Fishery - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Helios

Generate and manipulate plant and other geometric objects, which can feed into biophysical model plug-ins such as radiation transfer, photosynthesis, and evapotranspiration.

Biosphere - Plants and Vegetation - Last synced: 17 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Solar Consumer

This code can be used to download solar forecasts and save them to a PostgreSQL database by retrieving solar generation estimates for embedded solar farms and preparing the data for analysis.

Renewable Energy - Photovoltaics and Solar Energy - Last synced: 17 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.7

Landbruget.dk

Organizes data from 18+ Danish government sources into a single, queryable platform to collect, clean, and publish agricultural, environmental, and regulatory data so that journalists, researchers, and citizens can hold the industry accountable.

Consumption - Agriculture and Nutrition - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

CanFlood

Flood Risk modelling toolbox for Canada.

canada disaster flood flood-risk-models qgis

Climate Change - Natural Hazard and Storms - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

LT-GEE

Google Earth Engine implementation of the LandTrendr spectral-temporal segmentation algorithm.

change-detection google-earth-engine landsat landscape-dynamics landtrendr mapping time-series-analysis

Natural Resources - Soil and Land - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

hydrographr

Provides a collection of R function wrappers for GDAL and GRASS-GIS functions to efficiently work with Hydrography90m and spatial biodiversity data.

Hydrosphere - Ocean and Hydrology Data Access - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

clim-recal

A specialized resource designed to tackle systematic errors or biases in Regional Climate Models.

hut23 hut23-1077

Climate Change - Climate Data Processing and Analysis - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

EcoSISTEM.jl

A Julia package that provides functionality for simulating species undergoing dynamic biological processes such as birth, death, competition and dispersal, as well as environmental changes in climate and habitat.

biodiversity ecology ecosystem-simulation epidemiology julia simulation

Biosphere - Ecological and Environmental Modeling - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

btp-ai-sustainability-bootcamp

Showcasing SAP partners how to add Intelligence and Sustainability into your industry cloud solutions on SAP Business Technology Platform.

computer-vision condition-monitoring deep-learning defect-detection image-segmentation machine-learning predictive-maintenance sac-planning sample sample-code sap-ai-core sap-ai-launchpad sap-analytics-cloud sound-classification sustainability

Consumption - Production and Industry - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

WikiRate

Facilitates research and analysis on complex topics in collaboration with partners, to make ESG data open, comparable and useful for all.

Sustainable Development - Sustainable Investment - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

The Low Impact Website

Reduces data transfer by up to 70% in comparison to our regular website.

climate co2 nuxtjs shopify sustainability

Consumption - Computation and Communication - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

HeatpumpMonitor.org

An open source initiative to share and compare heat pump performance data.

Consumption - Buildings and Heating - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

msc_pygeoapi

The Meteorological Service of Canada Python API provides up-to-date information on past, present and future weather conditions, climate, water and environmental information over Canada and the world.

Sustainable Development - Data Catalogs and Interfaces - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

OasisPiWind

PiWind is a wind storm model for a small area of the UK.

Climate Change - Natural Hazard and Storms - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

ingestr

Provides functions to extract environmental point data from large global files or remote data servers and create time series at user-specified temporal resolution.

Sustainable Development - Curated Lists - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

SNAP

A lagrangian type atmospheric dispersion model specialized on modelling dispersion of radioactive debris.

Atmosphere - Atmospheric Dispersion and Transport - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

SalishSeaNowcast

A collection of Python modules associated with running the SalishSeaCast ocean models system of daily nowcasts and forecasts.

automation ocean-modelling oceanography salishsea salishseacast ubc-moad

Hydrosphere - Ocean Models - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

HYBRID

A modeling toolset to assess the integration and economic viability of Integrated Energy Systems.

Energy Systems - Energy System Modeling Frameworks - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

OpenFish

An open-source system written in GoLang for classifying marine species.

Biosphere - Marine Life and Fishery - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

DigiVol

Harness the power of online volunteers to digitise biodiversity data that is locked up in biodiversity collections, field notebooks and survey sheets.

ala-product-digivol biodiversity

Biosphere - Biodiversity Citizen Science - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

trashnet

Dataset of images of trash. Torch-based CNN for garbage image classification.

convolutional-neural-networks dataset deep-learning garbage image-classification torch trash

Industrial Ecology - Circular Economy and Waste - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

BatDetect2

Code for detecting and classifying bat echolocation calls in high frequency audio recordings.

Biosphere - Bioacoustics and Acoustic Data Analysis - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

waste_flow

A Python package for retrieving and analyzing data concerning the waste management of European countries.

eurostat waste-management

Industrial Ecology - Circular Economy and Waste - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

PyPSA-GB

An open dataset and power dispatch model of the GB transmission network using country-specific data over historical years and for future energy scenarios.

Energy Systems - Global and Regional Energy System Models - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

Gold Mine Detector

Automated detection of artisanal gold mines in Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, with links to related journalism.

Sustainable Development - Knowledge Platforms - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.6

ISRaD

Improve the use of radiocarbon as a constraint for understanding the soil carbon cycle.

Natural Resources - Soil and Land - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.5

Climate Action Plans

A simple, open database of local government climate action plan documents and emissions data.

citizen-participation climate climate-change docker local-government mapit vagrant

Sustainable Development - Data Catalogs and Interfaces - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.5

Awesome Coastal

A curated list of awesome resources for coastal engineers and scientists.

awesome beaches coastal coastal-engineering coastal-modelling

Sustainable Development - Curated Lists - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.5

bonsai

The aim of BONSAI is to make reliable, unbiased sustainability information on products (product footprints) readily and freely available whenever and wherever it is needed to support product comparisons and decisions.

guidelines management overview

Industrial Ecology - Life Cycle Assessment - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.5

python-for-hydrology

Focusing on general python for data analysis in hydrologic contexts and the python interface into MODFLOW for groundwater modeling.

Sustainable Development - Education - Last synced: 18 Jun 2026 - Ranking: 6.5