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NCO

Manipulates and analyzes data stored in netCDF-accessible formats.
https://github.com/nco/nco

Category: Climate Change
Sub Category: Climate Data Processing and Analysis

Keywords

cesm climate cmip5 dap e3sm esgf gsl hdf hdf5 nco netcdf netcdf-operators opendap regrid

Keywords from Contributors

unidata climate-model unidata-netcdf earth-system-model climate-science earth-science snl-applications conda package-management grib

Last synced: about 21 hours ago
JSON representation

Repository metadata

netCDF Operators

README.md

NCO NetCDF Operators

The NCO toolkit manipulates and analyzes data stored in
netCDF-accessible
formats, including
DAP,
HDF4, and
HDF5.
It exploits the geophysical expressivity of many
CF
(Climate & Forecast) metadata conventions,
the flexible description of physical dimensions translated by
UDUnits,
the network transparency of
OPeNDAP,
the storage features (e.g., compression, chunking, groups) of
HDF (the Hierarchical Data Format),
and many powerful mathematical and statistical algorithms of
GSL (the GNU Scientific Library).
NCO is
fast,
powerful,
and
free.

What is NCO?

The netCDF Operators (NCO) comprise a dozen standalone,
command-line programs that take
netCDF,
HDF, and/or
DAP
files as input, then operate (e.g., derive new data, compute
statistics, print, hyperslab, manipulate metadata) and output the
results to screen or files in text, binary, or netCDF formats.
NCO aids analysis of gridded scientific data. The shell-command style
of NCO allows users to manipulate and analyze files interactively, or
with expressive scripts that avoid some overhead of higher-level
programming environments.

Traditional geoscience data analysis requires users to work with
numerous flat (data in one level or namespace) files.
In that paradigm instruments or models produce, and then repositories
archive and distribute, and then researchers request and analyze,
collections of flat files.
NCO works well with that paradigm, yet it also embodies the necessary
algorithms to transition geoscience data analysis from relying solely
on traditional (or “flat”) datasets to allowing newer
hierarchical (or “nested”) datasets.

Operator Full Name Examples
ncap2 netCDF Arithmetic Processor here
ncatted netCDF ATTribute EDitor here
ncbo netCDF Binary Operator here
ncclimo netCDF CLIMatOlogy Generator here
nces netCDF Ensemble Statistics here
ncecat netCDF Ensemble conCATenator here
ncflint netCDF FiLe INTerpolator here
ncks netCDF Kitchen Sink here
ncpdq netCDF Permute Dimensions Quickly, Pack Data Quietly here
ncra netCDF Record Averager here
ncrcat netCDF Record conCATenator here
ncremap netCDF REMAPer here
ncrename netCDF RENAMEer here
ncwa netCDF Weighted Averager here

How to Contribute: Volunteer, Endorse, or Donate

The NCO project homepage
points to mailing lists, discussion forums, and instructions to make
contributing easy.

Acknowledgements

NCO has been supported by volunteers and professionals since 1995. External support from DOE, NASA, and NSF has sustained development and addition of its most powerful features.

Citation (CITATION)

NCO is three things: a geoscience data analysis toolkit, an
open-source software project, and an academic enterprise that embodies
fundamental new (research-level) algorithms for geoscience data
analysis. Successful academic research depends upon peer-evaluation,
dissemination, and explicit acknowledgement of prior work and original
results. The accepted way to convey acknowledgement to NCO for ideas
or assistance in workflow processing is to cite its peer-reviewed 
description and or its User Guide. We encourage users and data science 
researchers to cite NCO for another reason, too: it helps funding
agencies track the impact of the work they fund.

The recommended citation for NCO software is

Zender, C. S. (2008), Analysis of Self-describing Gridded Geoscience
Data with netCDF Operators (NCO), Environ. Modell. Softw., 23(10),
1338-1342, doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.03.004. 

or

Zender, C. S. (2014), netCDF Operator (NCO) User Guide, Version 4.4.3,
http://nco.sf.net/nco.pdf. 

Use the former when referring to overall design, purpose, and
optimization of NCO, and use the latter when referring to specific
features and/or the Users Guide itself.

Additional information on citing NCO is in the User Guide at
http://nco.sf.net#ctt
A complete list of NCO publications and presentations is at
http://nco.sf.net#pub
This list links to the full papers and seminars themselves.

Owner metadata

GitHub Events

Total
Last Year

Committers metadata

Last synced: 2 days ago

Total Commits: 15,677
Total Committers: 51
Avg Commits per committer: 307.392
Development Distribution Score (DDS): 0.341

Commits in past year: 298
Committers in past year: 10
Avg Commits per committer in past year: 29.8
Development Distribution Score (DDS) in past year: 0.188

Name Email Commits
Charlie Zender z****r@u****u 10330
Pedro Vicente p****e@s****g 2567
Henry Butowsky h****b@h****m 1852
Daniel Wang d****w@s****u 163
Rorik Peterson f****1@u****u 144
Henry Butowsky h****k@s****u 135
Harry Mangalam h****m@t****m 118
Pedro Vicente p****e@g****e 104
Wenshan Wang w****w@u****u 49
copilot-swe-agent[bot] 1****t 45
FlyingWithJerome j****m@u****u 27
Dingying Wei d****i@u****u 12
Bas Couwenberg s****c@x****l 12
Henry Butowsky h****k@g****u 11
hbdch s****r@g****m 11
Gayathri Venkitachalam g****a@u****u 10
Filipe Fernandes o****f@g****m 10
Isuru Fernando i****f@g****m 9
Rostislav Kouznetsov r****v@f****i 7
pvn p****n@m****e 5
Karen Schuchardt K****t@p****v 5
tolento j****o@b****l 4
Scott Capps s****s@a****u 3
Dingying Wei d****i@g****e 3
Daniel Neumann d****n@i****e 3
Zackary Loevseth 3****h 3
Rostislav Kouznetsov R****v@g****m 3
David Forrest d****f@v****u 2
Jim Edwards j****s@u****u 2
Xylar Asay-Davis x****m@g****m 2
and 21 more...

Committer domains:

Issue and Pull Request metadata

Last synced: 2 days ago

Total issues: 147
Total pull requests: 171
Average time to close issues: about 1 month
Average time to close pull requests: 3 days
Total issue authors: 69
Total pull request authors: 30
Average comments per issue: 4.82
Average comments per pull request: 1.18
Merged pull request: 158
Bot issues: 0
Bot pull requests: 0

Past year issues: 3
Past year pull requests: 20
Past year average time to close issues: N/A
Past year average time to close pull requests: 1 day
Past year issue authors: 2
Past year pull request authors: 8
Past year average comments per issue: 2.33
Past year average comments per pull request: 1.25
Past year merged pull request: 17
Past year bot issues: 0
Past year bot pull requests: 0

More stats: https://issues.ecosyste.ms/repositories/lookup?url=https://github.com/nco/nco

Top Issue Authors

  • czender (38)
  • sebastic (8)
  • rkouznetsov (7)
  • xylar (6)
  • kwilcox (4)
  • mt5555 (3)
  • hmb1 (3)
  • EnlNovius (3)
  • mathomp4 (3)
  • durack1 (3)
  • doutriaux1 (3)
  • neumannd (2)
  • Saszalez (2)
  • adamjstewart (2)
  • pnorton-usgs (2)

Top Pull Request Authors

  • hmb1 (70)
  • sebastic (16)
  • czender (16)
  • FlyingWithJerome (13)
  • ocefpaf (8)
  • Copilot (6)
  • rkouznetsov (5)
  • hbdch (4)
  • neumannd (3)
  • pedro-vicente (2)
  • isuruf (2)
  • ColemanTom (2)
  • lguez (2)
  • GhostCoder6969 (2)
  • ZackaryLoevseth (2)

Top Issue Labels

  • high priority (19)
  • medium priority (16)
  • bug (15)
  • low priority (6)
  • help wanted (6)
  • compiler warning (4)
  • unreproducible (2)
  • documentation (2)
  • enhancement (1)

Top Pull Request Labels

  • medium priority (2)

Package metadata

proxy.golang.org: github.com/nco/nco

  • Homepage:
  • Status: removed
  • Documentation: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/nco/nco#section-documentation
  • Licenses: other
  • Latest release: v0.0.0-20260811213754-75b3f1d792cf (published 3 months ago)
  • Last Synced: 2026-11-03T10:38:19.818Z (2 days ago)
  • Versions: 1
  • Dependent Packages: 0
  • Dependent Repositories: 0
  • Rankings:
    • Dependent packages count: 4.451%
    • Average: 4.6%
    • Dependent repos count: 4.75%
formulae.brew.sh: nco

Command-line operators for netCDF and HDF files

  • Homepage: https://nco.sourceforge.net/
  • Licenses: BSD-3-Clause
  • Latest release: 5.4.2 (published 2 days ago)
  • Last Synced: 2026-11-03T08:37:07.078Z (2 days ago)
  • Versions: 30
  • Dependent Packages: 0
  • Dependent Repositories: 1
  • Downloads: 78 Last month
  • Rankings:
    • Dependent packages count: 19.479%
    • Average: 26.958%
    • Dependent repos count: 29.866%
    • Downloads: 31.527%

Dependencies

debian/control deb
  • antlr * build
  • bison * build
  • debhelper >= 7 build
  • flex * build
  • gsl-bin * build
  • libantlr-dev * build
  • libcurl4-gnutls-dev * build
  • libgsl0-dev * build
  • libnetcdf-dev * build
  • libudunits2-0 * build
  • libudunits2-dev * build
  • netcdf-bin * build
  • texinfo * build
bld/nco.spec rpm
  • autoconf * build
  • automake * build
  • curl * build
  • curl-devel * build
  • flex * build
  • gsl * build
  • gsl-devel * build
  • libdap * build
  • libdap-devel * build
  • libnc-dap * build
  • libnc-dap-devel * build
  • libtool * build
  • libxml2 * build
  • libxml2-devel * build
  • netcdf * build
  • netcdf-devel * build
  • udunits * build
  • udunits-devel * build

Score: 13.777737037122858