Categories - Climate Change

Sub Categories

Topics

flood, cmip6, e3sm, xclim, integrated-assessment, esgf, tropical-cyclone, climate-data-analysis, cesm, chirps, inundation, hazard, hazard-assessment, cmip, integrated-assessment-model, neuralgcm, cmip5, cf-conventions, climate-indices, imerg, esi, emodis, climateserv, s2s, ncar, floods, national-water-center, disaster, meteorologia, agricultura, esmf, icclim, climate-forecasting, climate-stations, hurricane, zealand, climate-datasets, coupled-human-natural-systems, gcam, kml, human-earth-system, national-climate-database, sea-ice-thickness, disaster-risk-management, scicomm, ecmwf-services, cds, hector, oceanic-nino, ndimensional-arrays, mpas, mpas-analysis, xarray-accessor, noresm, norwegian, cesm-lens, data-catalog, archives, data-rescue, digitization, transcription, cloud-optimized, design-rainfall, duration, compressed, unstructured-grids, ugrid, gcam-china, china, cansips, cangrd, ahccd, netcdf-library, netcdf-fortran, world3, archiving, gpm-imerg, mtclim, ornl-daac, hector-model, solar-radiation, sedimentation, sediment-transport, paleogeography, paleoclimate, lithology, landscape-evolution-model, erosion-process, compaction, basin-modeling, earthkit, med-team, large-language-models, climate-services, climate-assessments, ai-for-climate, soil-plant-atmosphere, sif, fluorescence, unidata-netcdf, lisvap, lisflood, glofas, efas, gfdl, fms, timeseries-format, scenario-data, macro-energy, integrated-assessment-scenarios, iamc-format, um, pp, cfunits, cfdm, cf, climate-simulations, bom, australia-bureau-of-meteorology, ecosystem, clm, inasafe, disasterresponse, spaceweather, iris, jedi, gefs, gdas, vulnerability, reinsurance, loss, insurance, catastrophe-modelling, catastrophe-model, apache-beam, earth-system-data, earth-system, climate-sciences, climate-research, cdat, gdpcir, climate-impacts, tsunami, surge, storm, adaptive, return-period, kostra, intensity-duration-frequency, heavy-rain, dwa-a-531, dwa, duration-steps, climate-indicators, calculation-climate, servirglobal, servir, ndvi, hadcrut5, anuclim, nuopc, model-coupling, esmx, earth-system-modelling, earth-system-modeling-framework, model-validation, forecast-evaluation, contingency-table, xcdat, pcmdi, earth-system-science, regional, regcm, coupled, rstats-package, variance-scaling, quantile-mapping, quantile-delta-mapping, linear-scaling, detrended-quantile-mapping, delta-method, delta-change-method, cdf, bias-adjustment, tensorflow2, sckit-learn, ensemble-machine-learning, relative-humidity, frost, elevation, diurnal-temperature, cru-cl2, cru, prepare, cmor3, tropical, cyclones, adcirc, ogc, indices, model-diagnostics, cyclone, roms, geoinformatics, mpi4py, projection, conflict, near-real-time, warming-levels, ipcc-regions, climate4r, climate-change-atlas, flood-risk-models, pollen-measurements, phenology-data, ogd, storms, performance-diagram, mrms, hail, logon, weather-conditions, tropical-cyclone-variability, potential-intensity, hurricanes, hurricane-calculations, gridded-climate-data, aoi, smap, tropical-storms, cyclones-behaviour, rating-curve, hec-ras, floodplain, predictive-analytics, multimodel-ensemble, hut23-1077, radiometric, metop, lac, gac, avhrr, parameters, ecco, warming-stripes, sea-levels, carbon-dioxide-data, h5py, pca, eof-analysis, dimensionality-reduction, s2d, weather-information, netcdf-files, multiple-threads, strategic-planning, demographics, colombia, matlab-toolbox, ropenspain, forecast-api, aemet, psha, openquake-engine, openquake, cluster, national-water-model, hand, tiros, ncei, urban-climate-model, kokkos, cxx, magicc-model, flood-monitoring, dem, satellite-imagery-analysis, landsat-data, geodata, sr15, pathway-analysis, ohio-state-university, oceans, fever, byrd, flood-inundation-maps, ncdc, historical-weather, gsod, global-data, daily-weather, daily-data, landslide, debrisflow, xgcm, cmip6-data, regrid, netcdf-operators, nco, hdf, gsl, climate-policy,

Projects

Contributors

Casey Dietrich [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics:

Dylan Wood [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics:

Tristan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics:

Peter Berg [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics:

mchahim [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Integrated Assessment and Climate Policy
Topics:

Trevor [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate, climate-analysis, pangeo, prediction, s2d, s2s

csyhuang [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate, climate-analysis, climate-data, climate-data-analysis, climate-science, science-research

Christopher Polster [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate, climate-analysis, climate-data, climate-data-analysis, climate-science, science-research

veredsil [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate, climate-analysis, climate-data, climate-data-analysis, climate-science, science-research

Ben Orchard [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-model, finite-volume, gridded-data, haskell, static-analysis, automated-refactoring, generics, lenses, optics, traversals and 3 more

Yuxin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-model, finite-volume, gridded-data

Takaya Uchida [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-model, finite-volume, gridded-data, ocean-modelling, oceanography

Nick Swanson-Hysell [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-model, finite-volume, gridded-data, carbon-cycle, paleoclimate, silicate-weathering, jupyterlab-extension

Anirban Sinha [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-model, finite-volume, gridded-data

Oladimeji Mudele [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Access and Visualization
Topics: climate, earth-observation, earth-science, geodata, landsat-8, landsat-data, nasa-api, satellite-imagery-analysis

jeremy-b [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-change

Pontus Lurcock [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Access and Visualization
Topics: cci, climate, conda, esa

Fabiana Zioti [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Integrated Assessment and Climate Policy
Topics: earth-observation, earth-science, geoinformatics, geoscience, land-cover, trajectory, flask-alembic, flask-sqlalchemy

repl.it user [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Integrated Assessment and Climate Policy
Topics: earth-observation, earth-science, geoinformatics, geoscience, land-cover, trajectory, collaborative-editing, collaborative-learning, computational-thinking, teamwork

Xudong Zhou [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics:

Stephanie Chong [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, forecast-evaluation, forecast-verification, model-validation, oceanography, verification, weather, contingency-table

Tim Sutton [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, cplusplus, globe, qt, generic, widget, widget-libraries

Emile Tenezakis [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Downscaling
Topics: climate-data, climate-impacts, cmip6, downscale, downscaling, climate, gdpcir

Ole Nielsen [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, map-reduce, mpi, geodesy, geoscience, insar, finite-volume and 3 more

Etienne Trimaille [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, generic, qt, widget, widget-libraries, qgis-server, qgis-server-plugin and 16 more

Akbar Gumbira [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, generic, qt, widget, widget-libraries

Marco Bernasocchi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, cad, surveying

Hyeuk Ryu [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Rizky Maulana Nugraha [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, coronavirus, covid, covid-19, hospital, ncov, neherlab and 9 more

Muhammad Yarjuna Rohmat [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, agriculture, geospatial-analysis, geospatial-data, geospatial-visualization

Christian Christelis [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Dmitry [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

dianne [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Werner Macho [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, cplusplus, globe, qt, swmm, wastewater

gigih aji ibrahim [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Ivan Busthomi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Martin Dobias [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, cplusplus, globe, qt, help, mobile-app, qml and 4 more

Oscar Kurniawan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Kristy Van Putten [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Libby Metz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Rudi Thiede [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, cplusplus, globe, qt

manombawa [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Charlotte [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Maria Solovyeva [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Tom Chadwin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Ted Dunstone [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Gavin Fleming [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Mario Basa [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, geoserver, sld, thematic-maps, vaadin

danylaksono [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

za [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, hacktoberfest2023, apps, templates, views

Laurent Courty [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, arrays, earth-observation, geospatial-analysis, grass-gis, open-science, parallel-computing and 5 more

Maxim Dubinin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, carthage, cython, gdal, mapbox-satellite-oss

Nicolas Raoul [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

Waldo Jaquith [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin, census, fips, geodata, gnis, garden, plants and 7 more

faizalprbw [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: disasterresponse, inasafe, qgis, qgis-plugin

mpizarrotig [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Access and Visualization
Topics: aemet, climate, forecast-api, ropenspain, spain, weather-api

Julia Kent [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Downscaling
Topics: climate, downscaling, xdev, data-access, data-catalog

tcchiao [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Downscaling
Topics: climate, downscaling, keras, xarray-accessor

Nyein Soe Thwal [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: flood, near-real-time, surface-water

Ate [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: flood, near-real-time, surface-water, crop-yield-information, drought

John Dilger [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: flood, near-real-time, surface-water, earth-science, wildfires

kaileymohamed [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: flood, near-real-time, surface-water

Jeremy Fyke [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: anuclim, climate-analysis, climate-science, icclim, netcdf4, xclim

abeaupre [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: anuclim, climate-analysis, climate-science, icclim, netcdf4, xclim

Jamie Quinn [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: anuclim, climate-analysis, climate-science, icclim, netcdf4, xclim, gplv3, sdf

Ai33L [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: atmospheric-modelling, climate-model

suhasdl [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: atmospheric-modelling, climate-model

Chantal Pic [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: meteorology, numerical-weather-prediction, nwp

Samuel Gilbert [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: meteorology, numerical-weather-prediction, nwp

Mike Neish [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: meteorology, numerical-weather-prediction, nwp

Alice Bertini [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-model, ncar, cesm, parallel

allibco [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-model, ncar, lossy-data-compression, zfp

Milena Veneziani [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-analysis, climate-model, e3sm, mpas, mpas-analysis, climate, climate-science

Anirban Sinha [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-analysis, climate-model, e3sm, mpas, mpas-analysis

Greg Streletz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-analysis, climate-model, e3sm, mpas, mpas-analysis

Kevin Rosa [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-analysis, climate-model, e3sm, mpas, mpas-analysis

Ben V-W [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-change, climate-model, hector

Sven Willner [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-change, climate-model, hector, agent-based-model, economics, economics-models, extreme-events, extreme-weather, international-trade and 12 more

Skylar Gering [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-change, climate-model, hector

Dawn Woodard [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-change, climate-model, hector

Tom Payerle [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-change, climate-model, hector, environment-modules, modulefiles, tcl

mzelinka [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, climate-analysis, climate-data, climate-model, climate-model-evaluation, climate-models, climate-science, climate-variability

VeruGHub [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Access and Visualization
Topics: climate-data, europe

Paloma [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Access and Visualization
Topics: climate-data, europe, ecoinformatics

Kyle Wilcox [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: meteorology, ocean, oceanography, sgrid, geoscience, erddap, ocean-sciences

imohamme [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Processing and Analysis
Topics: climate-data, ecological-modelling, hydrological-modelling, weather-conditions, climate, cmip5, cmip6, glads-data, gpm, precipitation-data and 4 more

Gonzalez [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Climate Data Access and Visualization
Topics: climate, climate-sensitivity, environmental-change, forestgeo, generalized-least-squares, nonlinear, tree-diameter, tree-rings

Thomas Robinson [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, fre, gfdl, fms, fv3, model-component, physics, build, make

Ryan Forsyth [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate, cdat, earthscience, vtk

SarahAlidoost [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: ansible, ewatercycle, hydrology, jupyterlab-extension, thredds, earth-observation, insar, interferometry, radar, sar and 6 more

Tobias Pilz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: hydrology, task-views, hydrodynamic-modeling, telemac-2d, databases, foss, grass-gis, hydrological-modelling, landscape-discretisation, lumpr and 6 more

Ruth Lorenz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate-models, cmip5, cmip6, esgf, eucp, model-weights, python36

hav142 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: earthengine, extreme-rainfall, flood, gee, gfs, imerg

Lukas Brunner [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: climate-models, cmip5, cmip6, esgf, eucp, model-weights, python36

Thomas Vogt [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Natural Hazard and Storm
Topics: finite-volume, hyperbolic-equations, partial-differential-equations, pde, pde-solver, petsc, weno, anaconda, anaconda-distribution, ide and 4 more

Andrew Dolman [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: visualisation, unit-testing

alasdairhunter [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics:

Emma Daniels [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics:

Brei Soliño [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics:

Yoko Tsushima [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Climate Change
Sub Categories: Earth and Climate Modeling
Topics: