Categories - Biosphere

Sub Categories

Topics

fisheries, bioacoustics, fish, species, biodiversity-informatics, wildlife, marine-biology, wildfire, gbif, biodiversity-data, birds, deforestation, protected-areas, species-distribution-modelling, traits, ebird, biogeography, forest, reforestation, fisheries-management, stock-synthesis, forest-inventory, deforestation-risk, fisheries-stock-assessment, population-dynamics, birdsong, forests, stock-assessment, niche-modelling, dendrochronology, wildfire-forecasting, acoustic-monitoring, spocc, camera-traps, taxize, nomenclature, bioinformatics, animal-movement, inaturalist, las, assessment, darwin-core, movement-ecology, phenology, demography, biodiversity-scenario, globalfishingwatch, vegetation-period, noaa-nsap, obis, nature, landscape-connectivity, phylogeny, dwc, vertnet, birdnet, forest-cover-change, ipbes, niche-modeling, land-use-change, redd, roads, spatial-autocorrelation, clip, spatial-modelling, tropical-forests, life, salmon, animal, species-distribution-modeling, forest-management, evolution, dynamic, phenocam, species-interactions, forest-monitoring, ecology-modelling, insects, flnro, ecological-niche-modelling, plankton, phylogenetic-diversity, dendroecology, laser-scanning, marine-species, protected-planet, species-sensitivity-distribution, megadetector, bird-migration, vegetation-dynamics, animals, tree-rings, world, trees, biodiversity-standards, biodiversity-monitoring, mediterranean, fao-manual, fish-stocks, fish-observations, fiss, stream-network, gui-application, niche-overlap, biological-data, jerico-relevant, openlayers, spatial-graphs, fishing-vessels, fishing, windspeed, describe, tracker, diversity, entropy-partitioning, estimator, pressure-sensor, migration, tdwg, prefect, geolocator, datalogger, ionic-framework, invasives, habitat-connectivity, data-analysis-r, iucn-red-list, sst, ensemble-modelling, model-fit-for-purpose, model-tuning, spatial-ecology, spatially-structured-validation, bioclim, chelsa, earthenv, arcgisjs, half-earth, animal-acoustic-signals, spectrogram, streamline-analysis, geonature, geonature-citizen, detectron2, tree-canopy, tree-detection, tree-pixels, fishr-website, aeroecology, enram, eumetnet-opera, nexrad, wsr-88d, sapwood, exif, hierarchical-keywords, iptc, xmp, aims, tomcat, field-survey, household-surveys, mobile-data-collection, offline-first, public-health, fish-population-dynamics, marine-ecosystem, size-structure, transport-equation, boreal, carbon-cycling, fire-dynamics, permafrost-dynamics, soil-thermal-dynamics, terrestrial-ecosystem-modeling, collections, citizen, imaging, microscope, microscope-platform, microscopy, planktoscope, raspberry-pi-4, raspberry-pi-camera, bcws, cffdrs, picture, landscape-ecosystem-modelling, spades, biomass, fire-effects, field-data-collection, hut23-240, digital-forestry-toolbox, asprs, usda-nrcs, ssurgo, soil-quality-degradation, resource-assessment, ranking-tool, ranking, land-unit, intrinsic-soil-properties, conservation-practices, conservation-assessment-ranking, cart, spatiotemporal-dynamics, spatio-temporal-analysis, ornithology, movement, bird-survey, adaptive-spatio-temporal-exploratory-model, crowns, shiny-r, greenness-exposure, partitioning-diversity, diversity-measurement, cumulative-impacts, ecological-niche-modeling, portal, verified-carbon-standard, jurisdictional-and-nested-redd, spatial-predictions, spatial-grain, scenarios, poisson-process, integrated-framework, species-occurrence, occurrence, idigbio, ecoengine, bison, antweb, continuous-integration, carbon-capture-sequestration, plant-genetic-resources, phenotypes, pedigree, germinate, genotypes, genetics, chemical-compounds, rbp, periphyton, metric, macorinvertebrates, biomonitoring, bioassessment, benthic, plant-trees, octave, prz, cons-tech, epidemiology, ecosystem-simulation, rarefaction, wildfires, satellites, journalism, firms, data-journalism, lter-science, shad, management-strategy-evaluation, individual-based, herring, fish-passage, dam, zero-shot-classification, rare-species, multimodal, water-quality-guideline, ssd, conservation-prioritization, metapackage, habitat, forestgeo, fgeo, dynamics, abundance, forest-conservation, land-surface-phenology, jags, video-search, video-annotation, video-analytics, video-analysis, image-annotation, annotation-framework, fishbase, forest-loss, compliance-check, openplantpathology, onnx, keypoint-detection, sound, cbm-cfs3, transitions, shifts, points, indicators, critical, catastrophic, tidymodels, marine-traffics, marine-resources, impact-assessment, bio-economics, aquaculture, trillion-trees, r-packages, dam-impact-analysis, canopy-height-models, ecosystem-status-report, shinyapps, invasive-species, birding, environmental-modeling, fire, tunning, maxent-models, enmeval, knowledge-guided-machine-learning, imageomics, marine-protected-areas, biologging, animal-tracking, vocalizations, torchvision, speech-processing, spectrograms, bioacoustic-analysis, animal-vocalizations, animal-communication, natural-hazard, ala-product-digivol, maxent, marine-wildlife-incidents, forest-variables, fia-datamart, fia-database, fia, compute-estimates, forest-analysis, caribou, forestfire, plantcv, plant-phenotyping, solidity, smart-contracts, ipfs, greenpill, foundry, attestations, p-model, growth, dgvm, active-learning, range-maps, botanical, bien, laz, als, forest-planning, fmt, phylogenetic-trees, phylodiversity, endemism, biodiverse, beta-diversity, tree-mapping, ala-product-ala4r, ala, noaa-fisheries, groundfish, alaska, bats, SimRoot, Root architecture, Plant biology, Nutrient uptake, Functional Structural Plant model, species-observed, sampling-effort, reported-species, data-gaps, vegetation-phenology, phenology-models, model-calibration, avian, phenology-modelling, phenocam-data, specimen, plant-physiology, global-fishing-watch, fishing-effort, fisheries-research, species-identification, public-science, mantis-religiosa, mantis, gottesanbeterin, brandenburg, camtrap-dp, tropical-forest, hyperspectral-imaging, diversity-mapping, yolov5, classifier-model, cameratraps, annotation-tool, watering, citylab-berlin, wdpa, country-iso-code, plugins, interactive-visualization, desktop-application, species-turnover, randomisations, phylogeography, marine-turtles, conservation-bio, openfisheries, tmb, glmm, mapme, forest-disturbances, anomalies-detection, mechanistic-models, restoration, hmm, hidden-markov-model, pharo, multi-agent-systems, multi-agent-simulation, indivisual-based-modeling, raspberrypi, htmx, help-wanted, first-issue, contributions-welcome, birdweather, birdnet-pi, audio, alpinejs, whales, realtime, iucn, pollinators, parasites, globi, food-webs, etl-framework, eol, diseases, diet, national-phenology-network, ais-data, ais, wlrs, sims, react-leaflet, openshift, object-store, material-ui, keycloak, biohub, sonar, ek80, ek60, echosounder, azfp, prioritization, conservation-planner, strandings, defoliators, budworm, scattering, sound-pressure-level, signal-processing, ecoacoustics, acoustic-indices, flr, fisheries-modelling, geospatial-processing, national-science-foundation, meta-analysis, ecosystem-science, cyberinfrastructure, zoology, cnpq, lidar-point-cloud, rarity, ecological-models, municipality, datazoom, amazonia, surveillance, networks, rcpp, qsm, space-time, inventories, orcas, inference, audio-analysis, gfw, esri-js, resolution, reconciliation, bdc, trait-based, functional-traits, functional-trait, functional-ecology, functional-diversity, biodiversity-indicators, trade, endangered-species, cites, behavior, acoustic-signals, color-palette, pytorch-wildlife, wfd, sampling, freshwater, electrofishing, aspe, outbreak, disturbance,

Projects

Contributors

FredericBerton [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics: biodiversity, biodiversity-informatics, nature, opendata

AJambon [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

AJambon [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

JulienCorny [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics: biodiversity, biodiversity-informatics, nature, opendata

Google Translate [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

Caroline D [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

Ben Anhalt [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics: biodiversity, biodiversity-informatics, biorepository, curation, museum, museum-collection-specimens, species, specify, specimen

melton-jason [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

realVinayak [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

alec_dev [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

Sharad S [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

timo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics: biodiversity, biodiversity-informatics, biorepository, curation, museum, museum-collection-specimens, species, specify, specimen

Yutaro Sakairi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics: biophysics, bookdown, ecology-modelling, educational-resources, biology, insect, phenology, thermal-ecology, trench-project, uw-biology

Andy Bunn [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

L Buckley [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics: biophysics, bookdown, ecology-modelling, educational-resources, climate-change, ecology, functional-ecology, regression-models

Aji John [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics: goes, esip-lab, pangeo

Lauren Buckley [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics: biophysics, bookdown, ecology-modelling, educational-resources, infrared, ir, thermal-ecology, thermal-imaging, trenchproject

Lauren Buckley [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

Nicole Kearney [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Lauren Buckley [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

Abby Meyer [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics: infrared, ir, thermal-ecology, thermal-imaging, trenchproject

Bryan Briones Ortiz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

Ofir Levy [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

mrke [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

Trollock [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

Ilya Maclean [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics:

AndyBunn [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Gregory Paradis [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biomass, Forest Observation and Management
Topics: cbm-cfs3, arcgis, geodatabase, raster-data

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Laura Marqués [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Laura Marques [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics, acclimation, optimality-theory, photosynthesis

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Benjamin Stocker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Mikko Korpela [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics: ropensci, summary-statistics, unconf, unconf17, visualisation, icu, icu4c, regexp, string-manipulation, stringi and 9 more

Christian Zang [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics: climate, cru, e-obs, statistical-downscaling, worldclim

Darwin Pucha-Cofrep [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Laura Marques [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

yunpeng [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: dgvm, growth, p-model, vegetation-dynamics

Filipe Campelo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

sklesse [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

David L. Woodruff [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: mathematical-programming, modeling-language, nonlinear-programming

filippi_j [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Jean-Baptiste FILIPPI filippi_j@BRANDO-FRONT.(none)

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

damien damien@damien-VM.(none)

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

rbaggio [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Yiren Qin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: wildfire

ronan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Frederic Allaire [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

jdurand [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Damien Grandi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

lautenberger [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: wildfire

yqin123 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: wildfire

Maria Theodori [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: wildfire

Oliver-BE [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: wildfire

ulises [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Cpaismz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Kumar Vaibhav [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Jiamu Liu [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Julien-Gr4z [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Animals, Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: biodiversity, camera, camera-traps, picture, traps, wildlife

Mathilde Leclerc [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Animals, Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: biodiversity, camera, camera-traps, picture, traps, wildlife

Jaime Luna [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Lizzie Pearmain [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Lizzie Pearmain [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Martin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

JCGiron [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Cleaning and Standardization, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics: butterflies, insect-anatomy, insect-anatomy-ontologies, insect-ontology, lepidoptera-anatomy, moths, multispecies-anatomy-ontologies, obofoundry, ontology, ontology-development-kit and 10 more

Marianna Simoes [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Cleaning and Standardization, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics:

Bealhammar [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Steffen [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics: birds, jags, migration, multi-event, survival, telemetry, vultures

Virginia Morera-Pujol [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Jonathan Handley [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Jason Flower [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Jason Flower [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Echelle Burns [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

Airola [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

TianXianglin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Peltoniemi Mikko (Luke) [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

TianXianglin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

songqingfeng [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics:

checcomi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Holder [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

localadmin_minunno [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Junttila Virpi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Minunno [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

djaiswal [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics:

Xianglin Tian [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Lindfors [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

cameronbechtold [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

ajmann4 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics:

Ryan Grady [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics:

George Silva [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Elsie L [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Sachi Yuan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Hana Lee [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Jon Riecke [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: