Categories - Biosphere

Sub Categories

Topics

fisheries, bioacoustics, fish, species, biodiversity-informatics, wildfire, marine-biology, gbif, biodiversity-data, birds, protected-areas, wildlife, traits, ebird, deforestation, species-distribution-modelling, deforestation-risk, forest-inventory, birdsong, forests, fisheries-management, fisheries-stock-assessment, biogeography, population-dynamics, forest, stock-assessment, reforestation, phenology, las, darwin-core, wildfire-forecasting, flnr, dendrochronology, spocc, assessment, stock-synthesis, acoustic-monitoring, camera-traps, nomenclature, inaturalist, bioinformatics, taxize, niche-modelling, vegetation-period, bird-migration, demography, dynamic, laser-scanning, evolution, vertnet, insects, forest-monitoring, ecological-niche-modelling, biodiversity-standards, dwc, niche-modeling, megadetector, marine-species, forest-cover-change, biodiversity-scenario, world, protected-planet, movement-ecology, globalfishingwatch, dendroecology, species-sensitivity-distribution, species-interactions, flnro, phylogeny, trees, obis, animal, forest-management, animals, vegetation-dynamics, phenocam, animal-movement, life, species-distribution-modeling, clip, phylogenetic-diversity, ecology-modelling, plankton, nature, salmon, tree-rings, biodiversity-monitoring, tropical-forests, spatial-modelling, spatial-autocorrelation, roads, redd, land-use-change, ipbes, tree-detection, exif, ala-product-digivol, iucn-red-list, iucn, imaging, chelsa, bioclim, watering, citylab-berlin, spades, landscape-ecosystem-modelling, fire, species-identification, plant-genetic-resources, phenotypes, pedigree, germinate, genotypes, genetics, chemical-compounds, half-earth, arcgisjs, sst, aims, xmp, iptc, hierarchical-keywords, citizen, plantcv, plant-phenotyping, national-science-foundation, meta-analysis, ecosystem-science, cyberinfrastructure, hut23-240, resolution, reconciliation, epidemiology, ecosystem-simulation, trait-based, functional-traits, functional-trait, functional-ecology, functional-diversity, biodiversity-indicators, pollinators, parasites, globi, food-webs, etl-framework, eol, diseases, diet, streamline-analysis, spectrogram, animal-acoustic-signals, noaa-nsap, global-fishing-watch, wsr-88d, nexrad, eumetnet-opera, enram, aeroecology, continuous-integration, carbon-capture-sequestration, fishr-website, tmb, glmm, openfisheries, sound, spatial-predictions, spatial-grain, scenarios, poisson-process, integrated-framework, restoration, mapme, national-phenology-network, surveillance, networks, prefect, openlayers, fishing-vessels, fishing, raspberry-pi-camera, raspberry-pi-4, planktoscope, microscopy, microscope-platform, microscope, tree-canopy, openplantpathology, canopy-height-models, municipality, datazoom, amazonia, detectron2, wfd, sampling, freshwater, electrofishing, aspe, pharo, multi-agent-systems, multi-agent-simulation, indivisual-based-modeling, forest-loss, compliance-check, estimator, entropy-partitioning, diversity, video-search, video-annotation, video-analytics, video-analysis, image-annotation, annotation-framework, invasives, plant-trees, fire-effects, biomass, crowns, usda-nrcs, ssurgo, soil-quality-degradation, resource-assessment, ranking-tool, ranking, land-unit, intrinsic-soil-properties, conservation-practices, conservation-assessment-ranking, cart, octave, digital-forestry-toolbox, asprs, shiny-r, greenness-exposure, portal, partitioning-diversity, diversity-measurement, cumulative-impacts, ecological-niche-modeling, verified-carbon-standard, jurisdictional-and-nested-redd, forest-conservation, tree-pixels, fish-stocks, fao-manual, marine-traffics, marine-resources, impact-assessment, bio-economics, aquaculture, describe, collections, public-health, offline-first, mobile-data-collection, household-surveys, field-survey, field-data-collection, prz, cons-tech, soil-thermal-dynamics, permafrost-dynamics, fire-dynamics, carbon-cycling, transport-equation, size-structure, marine-ecosystem, fish-population-dynamics, cffdrs, bcws, earthenv, trade, endangered-species, cites, forest-analysis, caribou, rarity, ecological-models, outbreak, disturbance, defoliators, budworm, tidymodels, spatiotemporal-dynamics, spatio-temporal-analysis, ornithology, movement, bird-survey, adaptive-spatio-temporal-exploratory-model, onnx, keypoint-detection, forestfire, transitions, shifts, points, indicators, critical, catastrophic, data-analysis-r, ionic-framework, speech-processing, spectrograms, bioacoustic-analysis, animal-vocalizations, animal-communication, ais-data, ais, bdc, knowledge-guided-machine-learning, imageomics, whales, realtime, orcas, inference, audio-analysis, yolov5, classifier-model, cameratraps, annotation-tool, tunning, maxent-models, enmeval, geonature-citizen, geonature, ecosystem-status-report, space-time, beta-diversity, ipfs, greenpill, foundry, attestations, rcpp, qsm, shinyapps, fishbase, sound-pressure-level, signal-processing, ecoacoustics, acoustic-indices, birdnet, birding, environmental-modeling, specimen, lidar-point-cloud, sonar, ek80, ek60, echosounder, azfp, trillion-trees, natural-hazard, bats, vocalizations, torchvision, public-science, mantis-religiosa, mantis, gottesanbeterin, brandenburg, wdpa, country-iso-code, SimRoot, Root architecture, Plant biology, Nutrient uptake, Functional Structural Plant model, noaa-fisheries, groundfish, alaska, species-observed, sampling-effort, reported-species, data-gaps, behavior, acoustic-signals, phenology-modelling, phenocam-data, vegetation-phenology, phenology-models, model-calibration, inventories, forest-variables, fia-datamart, fia-database, fia, compute-estimates, plugins, interactive-visualization, desktop-application, metapackage, habitat, forestgeo, fgeo, dynamics, abundance, maxent, tree-mapping, tropical-forest, hyperspectral-imaging, diversity-mapping, species-turnover, randomisations, phylogeography, phylogenetic-trees, phylodiversity, endemism, biodiverse, als, tomcat, biologging, animal-tracking, ala-product-ala4r, ala, prioritization, conservation-planner, lter-science, jerico-relevant, biological-data, conservation-prioritization, land-surface-phenology, jags, plant-physiology, spatially-structured-validation, spatial-ecology, model-tuning, model-fit-for-purpose, ensemble-modelling, cbm-cfs3, stream-network, fiss, fish-observations, invasive-species, strandings, wildfires, fishing-effort, fisheries-research, pytorch-wildlife, marine-protected-areas, range-maps, botanical, bien, wlrs, sims, react-leaflet, openshift, object-store, material-ui, keycloak, biohub, mechanistic-models, shad, management-strategy-evaluation, individual-based, herring, fish-passage, dam, tdwg, zero-shot-classification, rare-species, multimodal, laz, satellites, journalism, firms, data-journalism, zoology, cnpq, r-packages, dam-impact-analysis, water-quality-guideline, ssd, avian, gfw, esri-js, forest-planning, fmt, p-model, growth, dgvm, species-occurrence, occurrence, idigbio, ecoengine, bison, antweb, solidity, smart-contracts, marine-wildlife-incidents, marine-turtles, conservation-bio, mediterranean, rbp, periphyton, metric, macorinvertebrates, biomonitoring, bioassessment, benthic, spatial-graphs, landscape-connectivity, habitat-connectivity, active-learning, rarefaction, sapwood, forest-disturbances, anomalies-detection, picture, scattering, windspeed, tracker, pressure-sensor, migration, geolocator, datalogger,

Projects

Contributors

Tyler Muhly [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Observation and Management
Topics: caribou, for, forest-analysis, forestry

Jasper Slingsby [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

idchacon28 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: camera-traps, conservation, megadetector, pytorch-wildlife, wildlife

Daniela Ruiz [email protected]@uniandes.edu.co

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: camera-traps, conservation, megadetector, pytorch-wildlife, wildlife

andres [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: camera-traps, conservation, megadetector, pytorch-wildlife, wildlife

Stefano Giaccio [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: forestry

Elias Kunnas [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: climate-change, sustainability, forestry, geospatial-data, heavyai, interactive, llvm, mapd, olap, omnisci

minotogna [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: forestry

ramirobg94 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: forestry

Arlo White [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

cmahony [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration, Deforestation and Reforestation
Topics: flnr, shinyapps, bec, biogeoclimatic-zones, climate, climate-data, rstats-package

Peter Baker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

sufwan khalid [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: conservation, nonprofit, tomcat

doinkythederp [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: conservation, nonprofit, tomcat, autocomplete, fig, fish, iterm2

Carl Taylor [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: conservation, nonprofit, tomcat

Marcel Simon [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Animals, Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: camera-traps, conservation, megadetector, pytorch-wildlife, wildlife, aiforearth, cameratraps, ecology

runforyourlives [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Laurens Geffert [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Jeff Switzer [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: national-phenology-network, phenology, species

ForModLabUHel [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

TianXianglin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Modeling and Analysis, Forest Observation and Management
Topics:

Jamie Kass [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Species Distribution Modeling
Topics:

Jamie Kass [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Species Distribution Modeling
Topics:

Ahmed El-Gabbas [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Species Distribution Modeling
Topics: autocorrelation, biogeography, boosted-trees, distance, distribution, ecological-niche-modelling, enm, gbm, glm, maxent and 27 more

Anant Mittal [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics: acoustics, azfp, echosounder, ek60, ek80, ocean, sonar, zarr

oftfrfbf [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics: acoustics, azfp, echosounder, ek60, ek80, ocean, sonar, zarr

Nirali Parekh [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration, Deforestation and Reforestation
Topics: climate-change, plant, reforestation, trillion-trees

Maria Hosfeld [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration, Deforestation and Reforestation
Topics: climate-change, plant, reforestation, trillion-trees

Bob Muscarella [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity and Species Distribution, Species Distribution Modeling
Topics:

fmendezh [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics: biodiversity-informatics, darwin-core, gbif, snapshot

Quentin Groom [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management, Biodiversity and Species Distribution
Topics: biodiversity-informatics, jekyll, tdwg, interest-group, biodiversity-data, biodiversity-standards, darwin-core, botany, gbif, linked-data and 9 more

zahrag [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics:

Scott Lowe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics: holoviews, holoviz, formatting, hacktoberfest2022, pandoc, pdf-generation, pypandoc

zmgong [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics:

Pablo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics:

Sergei Nozdrenkov [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics: biodiversity, conservation, ocean, restoration

Sachit Mahajan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: cities, greenness-exposure, shiny-r

Sachit Mahajan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: cities, greenness-exposure, shiny-r

Rebecca Fisher [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Species Distribution Modeling
Topics: ecotoxicology, species-sensitivity-distribution

Rushiraj Gadhvi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Remote Sensing
Topics: quantum, quantum-computing, quantum-information, quantum-mechanics, quantum-optics, quantum-toolbox, qutip, unitaryhack, astronomy, astrophysics and 6 more

VillePekka [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Observation and Management
Topics: citylab-berlin, community, rain, trees, watering

Ryan McCarthy [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: copc, las, laz, point-cloud, pointcloud, wildfire

Alexandre [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics: cnpq, marine-biology, zoology

Ezra Parker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics:

eseigeldanf [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: bioinformatics, image-analysis, plant-phenotyping, plantcv

Anthony [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Observation and Management
Topics: esri-js, gfw

Charles Song [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Remote Sensing
Topics: detectron2

ocsmit [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Plants and Vegetation
Topics: jags, land-surface-modeling, land-surface-phenology, phenology

Abhishek-Dimri [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Remote Sensing
Topics:

Gourav Dey [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Remote Sensing
Topics:

Anthony Lukach [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biomass
Topics: cumulus, nasa-cumulus, stac, cloud-infrastructure, infrastructure-as-code, arcgis, data-management, esri, vanilla, web-development and 20 more

Vitor Hirata Sanches [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

IRZ Pascal [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics: aspe, electrofishing, fish, freshwater, index, plot, river, sampling, wfd

Zoltan Nemeth [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Terrestrial Wildlife
Topics: conservation, nonprofit, tomcat

Samuel Maftoul [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: ansible, chef, devops-tools, infrastructure-as-code, infrastructure-testing, nagios, puppet, pytest-plugin, saltstack, tdd and 2 more

Samia Haque Tisha [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Remote Sensing
Topics:

Jurijs Ješkins [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Avian Monitoring and Analysis
Topics: acoustic-monitoring, bioacoustics, birds, birdsong

Tomi P. Hakala [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Avian Monitoring and Analysis
Topics: audio, bioacoustics, birdnet, birdnet-pi, birds, birdweather, wildlife, acoustic-monitoring, birdsong

Jarno Heikkinen [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Avian Monitoring and Analysis
Topics: acoustic-monitoring, bioacoustics, birds, birdsong

Will [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Conservation and Restoration
Topics:

XgamerTV [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Bioacoustics and Acoustic Data Analysis
Topics: avian, bioacoustics, deeplearning

Adrien Morison [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Ecological and Environmental Modeling
Topics: packaging, pip, biodiversity, ecology, ecosystem-simulation, epidemiology

simarsaggu [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Bioacoustics and Acoustic Data Analysis
Topics:

Sonny Piers [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics: citizen, citizen-science, imaging, microscope, microscope-platform, microscopy, ocean, oceanography, plankton, planktoscope and 3 more

Vanndher Amós [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Deforestation and Reforestation
Topics: amazonia, datazoom, municipality

JulFrey [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Forest Remote Sensing
Topics:

Stephen Formel [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Cleaning and Standardization
Topics: carpentries, data-carpentry, data-management, ecology, english, lesson, spreadsheet, spreadsheets, stable, darwin-core and 3 more

davharris [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Data Access and Management
Topics: species, traits

Petter Arvidsson [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: nature, species-identification

stadtnatur-macbook [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: nature, species-identification

omid@MFNAM0013 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: nature, species-identification

Arvidsson [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: nature, species-identification

Khorramshahi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: nature, species-identification

localadmin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Biodiversity Citizen Science
Topics: nature, species-identification

Thoreau Romain [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Roque Betiol Jr [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Roque Betiol Jr [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Alison Presmanes Hill [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Avian Monitoring and Analysis, Terrestrial Animals
Topics: data-manipulation, grammar

Matthias Grenié [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Species Distribution Modeling
Topics:

palewire [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics: data-journalism, firms, geojson, journalism, satellites, wildfires, baseball, gambling, ichiro, geopandas and 54 more

cpondoc [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

joey-obrien [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

Kohei Hamabe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Kohei Hamabe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Kohei Hamabe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Akira Hayashi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Momoko Ichinokawa [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

fshin3 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

ShotaNishijima [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Akira Hayashi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Mitsuyo Miyagawa [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Osamu Sakai [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

JK-junkin [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Shin FUKUI [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

JosephGuman [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Wildfire
Topics:

MIYAGAWA Mitsuyo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

ichimomo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

snaoto [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

ichimomo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics:

Junichi Imoto [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Biosphere
Sub Categories: Marine Life and Fishery
Topics: