parcels
Can be used to track passive and active particulates such as water, plankton, plastic and fish.
https://github.com/parcels-code/parcels
Category: Hydrosphere
Sub Category: Waves and Currents
Keywords
lagrangian-ocean-modelling ocean-circulation-models particles
Keywords from Contributors
oceanography climate-model climate-science geometry sphinx ocean-modelling sphinx-doc meteorology zarr
Last synced: about 19 hours ago
JSON representation
Repository metadata
Main code for Parcels - a highly customisable Lagrangian simulation framework
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/parcels-code/parcels
- Owner: Parcels-code
- License: mit
- Created: 2015-09-29T09:43:00.000Z (about 10 years ago)
- Default Branch: v4-dev
- Last Pushed: 2025-12-12T15:37:26.000Z (13 days ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-12-13T03:12:11.576Z (13 days ago)
- Topics: lagrangian-ocean-modelling, ocean-circulation-models, particles
- Language: Python
- Homepage: https://parcels-code.org
- Size: 145 MB
- Stars: 342
- Watchers: 22
- Forks: 168
- Open Issues: 135
- Releases: 39
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Contributing: .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
- License: LICENSE.md
- Code of conduct: .github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
- Citation: CITATION.cff
README.md
Parcels
[!WARNING]
This branch isv4-dev- version 4 of Parcels which is in active development. Seemain(or the tags) to browse stable versions of Parcels.
Parcels provides a set of Python classes and methods to create customisable particle tracking simulations using gridded output from (ocean) circulation models. Parcels can be used to track passive and active particulates such as water, plankton, plastic and fish.

Animation of virtual particles carried by ocean surface flow in the global oceans. The particles are advected with Parcels in data from the NEMO Ocean Model.
Parcels manuscript and code
The manuscript detailing the first release of Parcels, version 0.9, has been published in Geoscientific Model Development and can be cited as
Lange, M and E van Sebille (2017) Parcels v0.9: prototyping a Lagrangian Ocean Analysis framework for the petascale age. Geoscientific Model Development, 10, 4175-4186. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-167
The manuscript detailing version 2.0 of Parcels is available at Geoscientific Model Development and can be cited as:
Delandmeter, P and E van Sebille (2019) The Parcels v2.0 Lagrangian framework: new field interpolation schemes. Geoscientific Model Development, 12, 3571-3584. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3571-2019
The manuscript detailing the performance of Parcels v2.4 is available at Computers & Geosciences and can be cited as:
Kehl, C, PD Nooteboom, MLA Kaandorp and E van Sebille (2023) Efficiently simulating Lagrangian particles in large-scale ocean flows — Data structures and their impact on geophysical applications, Computers and Geosciences, 175, 105322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105322
Further information
See parcels-code.org for further information about installing and running the Parcels code, as well as extended documentation of the methods and classes.
Contributors
All contributions are welcome! See the contributing page in our documentation to see how to get involved.
Image made with contrib.rocks.
Citation (CITATION.cff)
cff-version: 1.2.0
message: "If you use this software, please cite it as below."
authors:
- family-names: "Van Sebille"
given-names: "Erik"
orcid: "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-0704"
- family-names: "Kehl"
given-names: "Christian"
orcid: "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-1450"
- family-names: "Lange"
given-names: "Michael"
orcid: "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-0127"
- family-names: "Delandmeter"
given-names: "Philippe"
orcid: "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-5834"
- name: "The Parcels contributors"
website: "https://github.com/Parcels-code/parcels/graphs/contributors"
title: "Parcels"
version: 3.1.2
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14845686
date-released: 2025-02-10
url: "https://github.com/Parcels-code/parcels"
Owner metadata
- Name: Parcels
- Login: Parcels-code
- Email:
- Kind: organization
- Description:
- Website: http://parcels-code.org
- Location:
- Twitter:
- Company:
- Icon url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14887518?v=4
- Repositories: 56
- Last ynced at: 2025-10-07T17:15:45.849Z
- Profile URL: https://github.com/Parcels-code
GitHub Events
Total
- Issues event: 47
- Watch event: 3
- Delete event: 18
- Issue comment event: 47
- Push event: 141
- Pull request review event: 64
- Pull request event: 44
- Pull request review comment event: 85
- Discussion event: 5
- Create event: 17
Last Year
- Issues event: 47
- Watch event: 3
- Delete event: 18
- Issue comment event: 47
- Push event: 141
- Pull request review event: 64
- Pull request event: 44
- Pull request review comment event: 85
- Discussion event: 5
- Create event: 17
Committers metadata
Last synced: 11 days ago
Total Commits: 6,294
Total Committers: 75
Avg Commits per committer: 83.92
Development Distribution Score (DDS): 0.569
Commits in past year: 1,460
Committers in past year: 16
Avg Commits per committer in past year: 91.25
Development Distribution Score (DDS) in past year: 0.646
| Name | Commits | |
|---|---|---|
| Erik van Sebille | e****e@g****m | 2712 |
| Vecko | 3****o | 872 |
| delandmeter | p****r@g****m | 651 |
| Christian Kehl | c****l@u****l | 390 |
| Michael Lange | m****e@i****k | 329 |
| Joe Schoonover | j****e@f****m | 222 |
| Roel Brouwer | 5****r | 162 |
| reint-fischer | G****r@M****l | 115 |
| Reint | 3****r | 104 |
| pre-commit-ci[bot] | 6****] | 102 |
| Daan | d****s@o****m | 65 |
| Raoul Schram | r****m@u****l | 61 |
| Willi Rath | w****h@g****e | 59 |
| pdnooteboom | 3****m | 42 |
| jacketless | j****s@g****m | 26 |
| RomanIMMSP | 1****P | 25 |
| Angus Gibson | a****s@a****e | 24 |
| Simnator101 | s****r@g****m | 24 |
| dependabot[bot] | 4****] | 22 |
| andrew-s28 | a****7@g****m | 22 |
| Guillaume Maze | g****e@i****r | 21 |
| reint-fischer | G****r@m****e | 19 |
| Joel Kronborg | j****g@h****m | 19 |
| paul | p****k@g****m | 16 |
| Noam | n****t@s****k | 14 |
| Michael Denes | m****s@g****m | 14 |
| Erik van Sebille | e****k@i****l | 13 |
| JamiePringle | j****e@u****u | 10 |
| Bas Altena | b****a@u****l | 10 |
| davidwichmann | 3****n | 10 |
| and 45 more... | ||
Committer domains:
- uu.nl: 10
- imperial.ac.uk: 2
- lorenz.science.uu.nl: 2
- fluidnumerics.com: 1
- geomar.de: 1
- agibson.me: 1
- ifremer.fr: 1
- mac.home: 1
- st-annes.ox.ac.uk: 1
- imac-sebille.soliscom.uu.nl: 1
- unh.edu: 1
- ic.ac.uk: 1
- cl-evansebi.cl.ic.ac.uk: 1
- noaa.gov: 1
- ldeo.columbia.edu: 1
- science-bs35.soliscom.uu.nl: 1
- quintoandar.com.br: 1
- node04.cluster.intern: 1
- dyn906-234.eduroam.ic.ac.uk: 1
- miami.edu: 1
- cv-cej4917.cv.ic.ac.uk: 1
- aos-c02q53.princeton.edu: 1
- geomdata.com: 1
- eoas.ubc.ca: 1
Issue and Pull Request metadata
Last synced: 6 days ago
Total issues: 22
Total pull requests: 49
Average time to close issues: 17 days
Average time to close pull requests: 4 days
Total issue authors: 6
Total pull request authors: 10
Average comments per issue: 1.32
Average comments per pull request: 1.16
Merged pull request: 21
Bot issues: 0
Bot pull requests: 8
Past year issues: 22
Past year pull requests: 49
Past year average time to close issues: 17 days
Past year average time to close pull requests: 4 days
Past year issue authors: 6
Past year pull request authors: 10
Past year average comments per issue: 1.32
Past year average comments per pull request: 1.16
Past year merged pull request: 21
Past year bot issues: 0
Past year bot pull requests: 8
Top Issue Authors
- VeckoTheGecko (7)
- erikvansebille (6)
- willirath (4)
- reint-fischer (3)
- michaeldenes (1)
- fluidnumerics-joe (1)
Top Pull Request Authors
- erikvansebille (13)
- reint-fischer (10)
- VeckoTheGecko (10)
- dependabot[bot] (6)
- pre-commit-ci[bot] (2)
- nilodna (2)
- michaeldenes (2)
- fluidnumerics-joe (2)
- joseCarlosAndrade (1)
- andrew-s28 (1)
Top Issue Labels
- v4 (14)
- meta (3)
- api-design (3)
- hackathon2025 (3)
- enhancement (3)
- feature (3)
- good first issue (2)
- CI/CD (2)
- documentation (2)
- topic/kernels (2)
- bug (2)
- topic/interpolators (2)
- help wanted (2)
- topic/output-data (1)
- 🚧BLOCKED🚧 (1)
- discussion (1)
- unstructured grids (1)
- coding/Python (1)
- oceanography (1)
- particle-particle interaction (1)
- needs investigation (1)
- needs-triage (1)
Top Pull Request Labels
- dependencies (6)
- github_actions (6)
- v4 (2)
- meta (2)
- bug (1)
- topic/kernels (1)
- api-design (1)
Dependencies
- al-cheb/configure-pagefile-action v1.3 composite
- conda-incubator/setup-miniconda v2.2.0 composite
- ./.github/actions/install-parcels * composite
- actions/checkout v3 composite
- actions/upload-artifact v3.1.2 composite
- actions/checkout master composite
- actions/checkout v3 composite
- actions/download-artifact v3 composite
- actions/setup-python v3 composite
- actions/upload-artifact v3 composite
- pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish v1.5.0 composite
- ./.github/actions/install-parcels * composite
- actions/checkout v3 composite
- actions/upload-artifact v3.1.2 composite
Score: 10.485004604424653