bcfishobs

Known BC Fish Observations is documented as the most current and comprehensive information source on fish presence for the province. These scripts locate these observation points as linear referencing events on the most current and comprehensive stream network currently available for BC, the Freshwater Atlas.

The scripts:

• download whse_fish.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_pnt_sp, the latest observation data from DataBC
• download a lookup table whse_fish.wdic_waterbodies used to match the 50k waterbody codes in the observations table to FWA waterbodies
• download a lookup table species_cd, linking the fish species code found in the observation table to species name and scientific name
• load above tables to a PostgreSQL database
• discard any observations not coded as point_type_code = 'Observation' (Summary records are all duplicates of Observation records)
• references the observation points to their position on the FWA stream network (as outlined below)
• create two ouputs (see below for descriptions)

Matching logic, observations

1. For observation points associated with a lake or wetland (according to wbody_id):

   • match observations to the closest FWA stream in a waterbody that matches the observation's wbody_id, within 1500m
   • if no FWA stream in a lake/wetland within 1500m matches the observation's wbody_id, match to the closest stream in any lake/wetland within 1500m

2. For observation points associated with a stream:

   • match to the closest FWA stream within 100m that has a matching watershed code (via fwa_streams_20k_50k_xref)
   • for remaining unmatched records within 100m of an FWA stream, match to the closest stream regardless of a match via watershed code
   • for remaining unmatched records between 100m to 500m of an FWA stream, match to the closest FWA stream that has a matching watershed code

This logic is based on the assumptions:

• for observations noted as within a lake/wetland, we can use a relatively high distance threshold for matching to a stream because
  • an observation may be on a bank far from a waterbody flow line
  • as long as an observation is associated with the correct waterbody, it is not important to exactly locate it on the stream network within the waterbody
• for observations on streams, the location of an observation should generally take priority over a match via the xref lookup because many points have been manually snapped to the 20k stream lines - the lookup is best used to prioritize instances of multiple matches within 100m and allow for confidence in making matches between 100 and 500m

General requirements

• PostgreSQL/PostGIS
• a FWA database created by fwapg
• GDAL >= 3.4
• Python (>=3.6)
• bcdata

Run the scripts

Scripts presume that:

• environment variable DATABASE_URL points to the appropriate db
• FWA data are loaded to the db via fwapg

To set up the output tables and run the job:

$ git clone https://github.com/smnorris/bcfishobs.git
$ cd bcfishobs
$ make

To refresh the observation data from DataBC and re-run the analysis (without tearing down the output tables):

$ rm .make/fiss_fish_obsrvtn_pnt_sp
$ make

To tear down bcfishobs schema and re-run the analysis from scratch:

$ make clean
$ make

Outputs

All outputs are written to schema bcfishobs.

bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_vw

Contains a record for each observation that is successfully matched to a stream
(not just distinct locations), and commonly used columns.
Geometries are located on the stream to which the observation is matched.

          Column           |          Type           |
---------------------------+-------------------------+
 fish_observation_point_id | integer                 |
 fish_obsrvtn_event_id     | bigint                  |
 linear_feature_id         | bigint                  |
 wscode_ltree              | ltree                   |
 localcode_ltree           | ltree                   |
 blue_line_key             | integer                 |
 waterbody_key             | integer                 |
 downstream_route_measure  | double precision        |
 distance_to_stream        | double precision        |
 match_type                | text                    |
 watershed_group_code      | character varying(4)    |
 species_id                | integer                 |
 species_code              | character varying(6)    |
 agency_id                 | numeric                 |
 observation_date          | date                    |
 agency_name               | character varying(60)   |
 source                    | character varying(1000) |
 source_ref                | character varying(4000) |
 activity_code             | character varying(100)  |
 activity                  | character varying(300)  |
 life_stage_code           | character varying(100)  |
 life_stage                | character varying(300)  |
 acat_report_url           | character varying(254)  |
 geom                      | geometry(PointZM,3005)  |

bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events

Distinct locations of observations matched to streams.
Geometries are located on the stream to which the observation is matched.

          Column          |          Type          |
--------------------------+------------------------+
 fish_obsrvtn_event_id    | bigint                 |
 linear_feature_id        | integer                |
 wscode_ltree             | ltree                  |
 localcode_ltree          | ltree                  |
 blue_line_key            | integer                |
 watershed_group_code     | character varying(4)   |
 downstream_route_measure | double precision       |
 match_types              | text[]                 |
 obs_ids                  | integer[]              |
 species_codes            | text[]                 |
 species_ids              | integer[]              |
 maximal_species          | integer[]              |
 distances_to_stream      | double precision[]     |
 geom                     | geometry(PointZM,3005) |
Indexes:
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (fish_obsrvtn_event_id)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_blue_line_key_idx" btree (blue_line_key)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_linear_feature_id_idx" btree (linear_feature_id)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_localcode_ltree_idx" btree (localcode_ltree)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_obs_ids_idx" gist (obs_ids gist__intbig_ops)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_species_ids_idx" gist (species_ids gist__intbig_ops)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_wscode_ltree_idx" btree (wscode_ltree)

bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_unmatched

Unique observation locations that the scripts are unable to match to FWA streams.

            Column            |         Type         | Collation | Nullable | Default
------------------------------+----------------------+-----------+----------+---------
 fish_obsrvtn_pnt_distinct_id | integer              |           | not null |
 obs_ids                      | integer[]            |           |          |
 species_ids                  | integer[]            |           |          |
 distance_to_stream           | double precision     |           |          |
 geom                         | geometry(Point,3005) |           |          |
Indexes:
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_unmatched_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (fish_obsrvtn_pnt_distinct_id)
    "fiss_fish_obsrvtn_unmatched_geom_idx" gist (geom)

bcfishobs.summary

Report on total number of observations processed and matched to streams, and the type of match used.

      Column       |  Type   |
-------------------+---------+
 match_type        | text    |
 n_distinct_events | integer |
 n_observations    | integer |

Use the data

With the observations now linked to the Freswater Atlas, we can write queries to find fish observations relative to their location on the stream network.

Example 1

List all species observed on the Cowichan River (blue_line_key = 354155148), downstream of Skutz Falls (downstream_route_meaure = 34180).

SELECT DISTINCT species_code
FROM bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_vw
WHERE blue_line_key = 354155148 AND
downstream_route_measure < 34180
ORDER BY species_code;

 species_code
--------------
 ACT
 AS
 BNH
 BT
 C
 CAL
 CAS
 CH
 CM
 CO
 CT
 DV
 EB
 GB
 KO
 L
 MARFAL
 RB
 SA
 SB
 ST
 TR
 TSB

Example 2

What is the slope (percent) of the stream at all distinct locations of Steelhead observations in COWN watershed group (on single line streams)?

SELECT 
  e.fish_obsrvtn_event_id,
  s.gnis_name,
  s.gradient
FROM bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events e
INNER JOIN whse_basemapping.fwa_stream_networks_sp s
ON e.linear_feature_id = s.linear_feature_id
WHERE e.species_codes && ARRAY['ST']
AND e.watershed_group_code = 'COWN'
AND s.edge_type = 1000
ORDER BY e.wscode_ltree, e.localcode_ltree, e.downstream_route_measure

 fish_obsrvtn_event_id |      gnis_name       | gradient 
-----------------------+----------------------+----------
          675380033961 | Cowichan River       |   0.0071
          675380034170 | Cowichan River       |   0.0614
          641720026729 | Koksilah River       |   0.0058
          641720036829 | Koksilah River       |   0.0369
          641720037394 | Koksilah River       |   0.0761
          581370001848 | Kelvin Creek         |   0.0061
          581370006510 | Kelvin Creek         |   0.0167
          564060000660 | Glenora Creek        |   0.0137
          564060008058 | Glenora Creek        |   0.0843
...

Example 3

What are the order, elevation and gradient of all Arctic Grayling observations in the Parsnip watershed group?

SELECT
  fish_observation_point_id,
  s.gradient,
  s.stream_order,
  round((ST_Z((ST_Dump(ST_LocateAlong(s.geom, e.downstream_route_measure))).geom))::numeric) as elevation
FROM bcfishobs.fiss_fish_obsrvtn_events_vw e
INNER JOIN whse_basemapping.fwa_stream_networks_sp s
ON e.linear_feature_id = s.linear_feature_id
WHERE e.species_code = 'GR'
AND e.watershed_group_code = 'PARS'
ORDER BY e.wscode_ltree, e.localcode_ltree, e.downstream_route_measure;

 fish_observation_point_id | gradient | stream_order | elevation 
---------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------
                    233425 |        0 |            7 |       674
                    233402 |   0.0007 |            7 |       675
                    318578 |   0.0007 |            7 |       675
                    233432 |   0.0004 |            7 |       685
                     96418 |        0 |            6 |       694
                    233458 |   0.0003 |            7 |       696
...

Warnings

fish_observation_point_id

Column fish_observation_point_id is not an immutable primary key in the source table.
fish_observation_point_id is guaranteed to be unique for a given extract but values will change over time.

• if current id values are required, run a fresh extract
• if referring to a specific observation in communications, use some combination of source, species_code, life_cycle_code, coordinates, etc

Duplicates

Duplicate rows (for all fields) exist in the source table and are replicated in the output view.
Use observation counts with caution.

Scheduled job

The workflow is processed weekly and dumped to file.
Download the latest extract (as a geopackage) here.