Particula

An Python-based aerosol simulator. Particula captures gas-particle interactions, transformations, and dynamics to power predictive aerosol science.
https://github.com/uncscode/particula

Category: Atmosphere
Sub Category: Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosol

Keywords

aerosol atmosphere model package particle research science simulation

Keywords from Contributors

climate

Last synced: about 13 hours ago
JSON representation

Repository metadata

Particula is an open-source, aerosol simulation library.

Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/uncscode/particula
Owner: uncscode
License: mit
Created: 2021-10-31T15:31:16.000Z (over 4 years ago)
Default Branch: main
Last Pushed: 2026-03-05T22:22:59.000Z (about 1 month ago)
Last Synced: 2026-04-02T08:07:12.723Z (9 days ago)
Topics: aerosol, atmosphere, model, package, particle, research, science, simulation
Language: Python
Homepage: https://uncscode.github.io/particula/
Size: 829 MB
Stars: 11
Watchers: 0
Forks: 10
Open Issues: 6
Releases: 38
Metadata Files:
- Readme: readme.md
- License: license
- Citation: citation
- Codeowners: .github/CODEOWNERS
- Agents: AGENTS.md

Particula

A simple, fast, and powerful particle simulator for aerosol science.

Requires: Python 3.12+

Documentation | Examples | PyPI

Installation

pip install particula

or via conda:

conda install -c conda-forge particula

Quick Start

import particula as par

# Build an aerosol system
aerosol = (
    par.AerosolBuilder()
    .set_atmosphere(atmosphere)
    .set_particles(particles)
    .build()
)

# Run dynamics (chainable with | operator)
process = par.dynamics.Condensation(strategy) | par.dynamics.Coagulation(strategy)
aerosol = process.execute(aerosol, time_step=10, sub_steps=1000)

Migration / What's New

For migration details and updated API mappings, see the canonical guide:
ParticleData and GasData Migration Guide.
Legacy facades remain available, with deprecation planned for v0.3.0.

Code Structure

particula/
├── gas/           # Gas phase: species, vapor pressure, atmosphere
├── particles/     # Particle representations & distributions
├── dynamics/      # Time-dependent processes
│   ├── coagulation/
│   ├── condensation/
│   └── wall_loss/
├── activity/      # Activity coefficients, phase separation
├── equilibria/    # Gas-particle partitioning
└── util/          # Constants, validation, unit conversion

Documentation Guide

Looking for...	Go to
Tutorials & walkthroughs	Examples/
Scientific background	Theory/
API reference	Full Docs
Contributing	contribute/

Examples by Topic

Aerosol — Building and inspecting aerosol objects
Dynamics — Coagulation, condensation, wall loss simulations
Equilibria — Gas-particle partitioning calculations
Gas Phase — Vapor pressure, species properties
Particle Phase — Size distributions, optical properties
Simulations — Full end-to-end scientific scenarios

Featured Examples

Aerosol Tutorial — Learn how to build gas species, atmospheres, particle distributions, and combine them into an Aerosol object.
Organic Partitioning & Coagulation — Full simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from 10 organic vapors, followed by Brownian coagulation over 10 minutes.
Cloud Chamber Cycles
— Multi-cycle cloud droplet activation demonstrating κ-Köhler theory across
3 seed compositions (Ammonium Sulfate, Sucrose, Mixed), showing how
hygroscopicity affects activation at different supersaturations.

Features

Gas & Particle Phases — Full thermodynamic modeling with swappable strategies
Dynamics — Coagulation, condensation, wall loss, dilution
Flexible Representations — Discrete bins, continuous PDF, particle-resolved
Builder Pattern — Clean, validated object construction with unit conversion
Composable Processes — Chain runnables with | operator
Condensation Utilities — Non-isothermal helpers via
particula.dynamics.get_thermal_resistance_factor,
particula.dynamics.get_mass_transfer_rate_latent_heat, and
particula.dynamics.get_latent_heat_energy_released
Condensation Strategies — CondensationIsothermal plus
CondensationLatentHeat with latent-heat-corrected
mass_transfer_rate()/rate() and step() energy tracking via
last_latent_heat_energy, with optional dynamic_viscosity override
Latent Heat Factories — Build constant, linear, and power-law latent heat
strategies via particula.gas.LatentHeatFactory with unit-aware builders and
gas-phase exports for upcoming non-isothermal workflows

Citation

If you use Particula in your research, please cite:

Particula [Computer software]. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6634653

License

MIT

Citation (citation)

# This CITATION.cff file was generated with cffinit.
# Visit https://bit.ly/cffinit to generate yours today!

cff-version: 1.2.0
title: Particula
message: >-
  If you use this software, please cite it using the
  metadata from this file.
type: software
authors:
  - given-names: Particula
    family-names: Developers
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6634653
repository-code: 'https://github.com/uncscode/particula'
url: 'https://uncscode.github.io/particula/'
license: MIT

Owner metadata

Name: uncscode
Login: uncscode
Email:
Kind: organization
Description:
Website:
Location:
Twitter:
Company:
Icon url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/91224023?v=4
Repositories: 5
Last ynced at: 2023-03-06T04:14:15.749Z
Profile URL: https://github.com/uncscode

GitHub Events

Total

Create event: 268
Release event: 8
Issues event: 172
Watch event: 4
Delete event: 227
Issue comment event: 409
Push event: 1480
Pull request review comment event: 353
Pull request review event: 418
Pull request event: 269

Last Year

Create event: 255
Release event: 7
Issues event: 166
Watch event: 4
Delete event: 216
Issue comment event: 393
Push event: 1417
Pull request review comment event: 347
Pull request review event: 410
Pull request event: 260

Name	Email	Commits
Kyle Gorkowski	k**w@g**m	1668
ngam	6****m	148
dependabot[bot]	4****]	68
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	1****t	40
Naser Mahfouz	n**z@p**v	35
wkchuang	w**7@c**u	16
sourcery-ai[bot]	5****]	6
Naser Mahfouz	1****z	5
Akshay Kumar	a**0@g**m	1
Sourcery AI		1

Issue and Pull Request metadata

Last synced: 18 days ago

Total issues: 202
Total pull requests: 500
Average time to close issues: 25 days
Average time to close pull requests: 5 days
Total issue authors: 6
Total pull request authors: 7
Average comments per issue: 0.45
Average comments per pull request: 1.66
Merged pull request: 389
Bot issues: 2
Bot pull requests: 95

Past year issues: 37
Past year pull requests: 148
Past year average time to close issues: 9 days
Past year average time to close pull requests: 3 days
Past year issue authors: 3
Past year pull request authors: 4
Past year average comments per issue: 0.3
Past year average comments per pull request: 1.74
Past year merged pull request: 110
Past year bot issues: 0
Past year bot pull requests: 9

More stats: https://issues.ecosyste.ms/repositories/lookup?url=https://github.com/uncscode/particula

Top Issue Authors

Gorkowski (146)
ngam (31)
mahf708 (16)
ngmahfouz (4)
wkchuang (3)
sourcery-ai[bot] (2)

Top Pull Request Authors

Gorkowski (343)
dependabot[bot] (70)
ngam (36)
sourcery-ai[bot] (25)
mahf708 (15)
wkchuang (6)
ngmahfouz (5)

Top Issue Labels

enhancement (75)
bug (43)
sourcery-ai (13)
no-issue-activity (12)
documentation (12)
.data (10)
next (4)
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Tests (3)
.equilibria (2)
question (2)
wait (2)
particlephase (1)
.activity (1)
release (1)
type:complete (1)
model:base (1)
agent (1)

Top Pull Request Labels

dependencies (72)
github_actions (70)
enhancement (69)
documentation (66)
codex (57)
next (19)
Refactor (17)
Tests (16)
bug (15)
release (9)
no-pr-activity (7)
.Lagrangian (3)
.data (3)
packaging (3)
analysis (1)
agent (1)
blocked (1)

Package metadata

Total packages: 2
Total downloads:
- conda: 46,268 total
- pypi: 229 last-month
Total dependent packages: 1 (may contain duplicates)
Total dependent repositories: 1 (may contain duplicates)
Total versions: 47
Total maintainers: 1

pypi.org: particula

a simple, fast, and powerful particle simulator

Homepage:
Documentation: https://particula.readthedocs.io/
Licenses: MIT License
Latest release: 0.2.12 (published about 2 months ago)
Last Synced: 2026-03-30T23:02:28.928Z (12 days ago)
Versions: 36
Dependent Packages: 1
Dependent Repositories: 1
Downloads: 229 Last month
Rankings:
- Dependent packages count: 4.736%
- Average: 13.362%
- Downloads: 13.693%
- Dependent repos count: 21.657%
Maintainers (1)
- ngam

conda-forge.org: particula

Particula is a Python-based aerosol particle simulator. Its goal is to provide a robust aerosol simulation (including both gas and particle phases) that can be used to answer scientific questions arising from experiments and research endeavors.

Homepage: https://uncscode.github.io/particula
Licenses: MIT
Latest release: 0.0.12 (published over 3 years ago)
Last Synced: 2026-03-24T18:10:42.694Z (18 days ago)
Versions: 11
Dependent Packages: 0
Dependent Repositories: 0
Downloads: 46,268 Total
Rankings:
- Dependent repos count: 34.025%
- Average: 48.811%
- Dependent packages count: 51.175%
- Forks count: 51.645%
- Stargazers count: 58.398%

Dependencies

.github/workflows/book.yml actions

actions/checkout v3 composite
actions/setup-python v4.5.0 composite
peaceiris/actions-gh-pages v3.9.2 composite

.github/workflows/lint.yml actions

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.github/workflows/pypi.yml actions

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pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish c7f29f7adef1a245bd91520e94867e5c6eedddcc composite

.github/workflows/stale.yml actions

actions/stale v7 composite

.github/workflows/test.yml actions

actions/checkout v3 composite
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.devcontainer/Dockerfile docker

mcr.microsoft.com/vscode/devcontainers/python latest build

pyproject.toml pypi

hypersolver ==0.0.8
numpy *
pint *
scipy *

Score: 15.88300602862571

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Keywords

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Repository metadata

readme.md

Particula

Installation

Quick Start

Migration / What's New

Code Structure

Documentation Guide

Examples by Topic

Featured Examples

Features

Citation

License

Citation (citation)

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GitHub Events

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Last Year

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pypi.org: particula

conda-forge.org: particula

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