Particula

An Python-based aerosol simulator. Particula captures gas-particle interactions, transformations, and dynamics to power predictive aerosol science.
https://github.com/uncscode/particula

Category: Atmosphere
Sub Category: Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosol

Keywords

aerosol atmosphere model package particle research science simulation

Keywords from Contributors

climate

Last synced: about 23 hours ago
JSON representation

Repository metadata

Particula is an open-source, aerosol simulation library.

Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/uncscode/particula
Owner: uncscode
License: mit
Created: 2021-10-31T15:31:16.000Z (almost 5 years ago)
Default Branch: main
Last Pushed: 2026-09-07T22:10:41.000Z (24 days ago)
Last Synced: 2026-09-10T03:07:18.970Z (21 days ago)
Topics: aerosol, atmosphere, model, package, particle, research, science, simulation
Language: Python
Homepage: https://uncscode.github.io/particula/
Size: 997 MB
Stars: 12
Watchers: 0
Forks: 12
Open Issues: 1
Releases: 38
Metadata Files:
- Readme: readme.md
- License: license
- Citation: citation
- Codeowners: .github/CODEOWNERS
- Agents: AGENTS.md

Particula

A simple, fast, and powerful particle simulator for aerosol science.

Requires: Python 3.12+

Documentation | Examples | PyPI

Installation

pip install particula

or via conda:

conda install -c conda-forge particula

Quick Start

import particula as par

# Build an aerosol system
aerosol = (
    par.AerosolBuilder()
    .set_atmosphere(atmosphere)
    .set_particles(particles)
    .build()
)

# Run dynamics (chainable with | operator)
process = par.dynamics.Condensation(strategy) | par.dynamics.Coagulation(strategy)
aerosol = process.execute(aerosol, time_step=10, sub_steps=1000)

Migration / What's New

See the migration guide for
current APIs, compatibility notes, and direct-kernel troubleshooting.

Code Structure

particula/
├── gas/           # Gas phase: species, vapor pressure, atmosphere
├── particles/     # Particle representations & distributions
├── dynamics/      # Time-dependent processes
│   ├── coagulation/
│   ├── condensation/
│   └── wall_loss/
├── activity/      # Activity coefficients, phase separation
├── equilibria/    # Gas-particle partitioning
└── util/          # Constants, validation, unit conversion

Documentation Guide

Looking for...	Go to
Tutorials & walkthroughs	Examples/
Scientific background	Theory/
API reference	Full Docs
Contributing	contribute/

Examples by Topic

Aerosol — Building and inspecting aerosol objects
Dynamics — Coagulation, condensation, wall loss simulations
Equilibria — Gas-particle partitioning calculations
Gas Phase — Vapor pressure, species properties
Particle Phase — Size distributions, optical properties
Simulations — Full end-to-end scientific scenarios

Featured Examples

Aerosol Tutorial — Learn how to build gas species, atmospheres, particle distributions, and combine them into an Aerosol object.
CPU Latent-Heat Condensation Bookkeeping
— CPU-only walkthrough showing diagnostic latent-heat bookkeeping from real
condensation mass transfer with no temperature feedback.
Direct-Warp GPU Nucleation
— Explicit-transfer, fixed-capacity low-level example using the package-
exported nucleation_step_gpu. It requires Warp and is separate from the
CPU-only Nucleation runnable; it provides no CPU fallback.
Organic Partitioning & Coagulation — Full simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from 10 organic vapors, followed by Brownian coagulation over 10 minutes.
Cloud Chamber Cycles
— Multi-cycle cloud droplet activation demonstrating κ-Köhler theory across
3 seed compositions (Ammonium Sulfate, Sucrose, Mixed), showing how
hygroscopicity affects activation at different supersaturations.

Features

Gas & Particle Phases — Full thermodynamic modeling with swappable strategies
Dynamics — Coagulation, condensation, wall loss, dilution
Flexible Representations — Discrete bins, continuous PDF, particle-resolved
Builder Pattern — Clean, validated object construction with unit conversion
Composable Processes — Chain runnables with | operator
Condensation Utilities — Non-isothermal helpers via
particula.dynamics.get_thermal_resistance_factor,
particula.dynamics.get_mass_transfer_rate_latent_heat, and
particula.dynamics.get_latent_heat_energy_released
Condensation Strategies — CondensationIsothermal plus
CondensationLatentHeat with latent-heat-corrected
mass_transfer_rate()/rate() and step() energy tracking via
last_latent_heat_energy, with optional dynamic_viscosity override
Latent Heat Factories — Build constant, linear, and power-law latent heat
strategies via particula.gas.LatentHeatFactory with unit-aware builders and
gas-phase exports for upcoming non-isothermal workflows

Citation

If you use Particula in your research, please cite:

Particula [Computer software]. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6634653

License

MIT

Citation (citation)

# This CITATION.cff file was generated with cffinit.
# Visit https://bit.ly/cffinit to generate yours today!

cff-version: 1.2.0
title: Particula
message: >-
  If you use this software, please cite it using the
  metadata from this file.
type: software
authors:
  - given-names: Particula
    family-names: Developers
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6634653
repository-code: 'https://github.com/uncscode/particula'
url: 'https://uncscode.github.io/particula/'
license: MIT

Owner metadata

Name: uncscode
Login: uncscode
Email:
Kind: organization
Description:
Website:
Location:
Twitter:
Company:
Icon url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/91224023?v=4
Repositories: 10
Last ynced at: 2026-09-25T13:54:10.454Z
Profile URL: https://github.com/uncscode

GitHub Events

Total

Create event: 286
Delete event: 254
Issue comment event: 519
Issues event: 686
Pull request event: 465
Pull request review comment event: 491
Pull request review event: 493
Push event: 1635
Release event: 10
Watch event: 4

Last Year

Create event: 26
Delete event: 32
Issue comment event: 117
Issues event: 515
Pull request event: 206
Pull request review comment event: 146
Pull request review event: 77
Push event: 195
Release event: 2

Name	Email	Commits
Kyle Gorkowski	k**w@g**m	2881
ngam	6****m	148
dependabot[bot]	4****]	74
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	1****t	41
Naser Mahfouz	n**z@p**v	35
wkchuang	w**7@c**u	16
sourcery-ai[bot]	5****]	6
Naser Mahfouz	1****z	5
Akshay Kumar	a**0@g**m	1
Sourcery AI		1

Issue and Pull Request metadata

Last synced: 2 days ago

Total issues: 338
Total pull requests: 533
Average time to close issues: 16 days
Average time to close pull requests: 5 days
Total issue authors: 6
Total pull request authors: 8
Average comments per issue: 0.98
Average comments per pull request: 1.86
Merged pull request: 418
Bot issues: 2
Bot pull requests: 100

Past year issues: 137
Past year pull requests: 41
Past year average time to close issues: 3 days
Past year average time to close pull requests: 2 days
Past year issue authors: 1
Past year pull request authors: 3
Past year average comments per issue: 1.77
Past year average comments per pull request: 3.9
Past year merged pull request: 36
Past year bot issues: 0
Past year bot pull requests: 10

More stats: https://issues.ecosyste.ms/repositories/lookup?url=https://github.com/uncscode/particula

Top Issue Authors

Gorkowski (282)
ngam (31)
mahf708 (16)
ngmahfouz (4)
wkchuang (3)
sourcery-ai[bot] (2)

Top Pull Request Authors

Gorkowski (370)
dependabot[bot] (75)
ngam (36)
sourcery-ai[bot] (25)
mahf708 (15)
wkchuang (6)
ngmahfouz (5)
Copilot (1)

Top Issue Labels

agent (137)
model:default (136)
blocked (112)
type:complete (106)
auto:enabled (105)
enhancement (75)
bug (43)
type:generate-auto (29)
adw:in-progress (24)
sourcery-ai (13)
no-issue-activity (12)
documentation (12)
.data (10)
next (4)
analysis (4)
.Lagrangian (4)
Tests (3)
type:planner (2)
question (2)
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.equilibria (2)
.activity (1)
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model:base (1)
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Top Pull Request Labels

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request:review-fix (17)
Tests (16)
bug (15)
release (9)
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blocked (6)
.data (3)
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.Lagrangian (3)
request:plan-fix (2)
request:fix (1)
javascript (1)
analysis (1)

Package metadata

Total packages: 2
Total downloads:
- conda: 46,268 total
- pypi: 530 last-month
Total dependent packages: 1 (may contain duplicates)
Total dependent repositories: 1 (may contain duplicates)
Total versions: 48
Total maintainers: 1

pypi.org: particula

a simple, fast, and powerful particle simulator

Homepage:
Documentation: https://particula.readthedocs.io/
Licenses: MIT License
Latest release: 0.2.13 (published 4 days ago)
Last Synced: 2026-09-29T13:02:07.316Z (2 days ago)
Versions: 37
Dependent Packages: 1
Dependent Repositories: 1
Downloads: 530 Last month
Rankings:
- Dependent packages count: 4.736%
- Average: 13.362%
- Downloads: 13.693%
- Dependent repos count: 21.657%
Maintainers (1)
- ngam

conda-forge.org: particula

Particula is a Python-based aerosol particle simulator. Its goal is to provide a robust aerosol simulation (including both gas and particle phases) that can be used to answer scientific questions arising from experiments and research endeavors.

Homepage: https://uncscode.github.io/particula
Licenses: MIT
Latest release: 0.0.12 (published almost 4 years ago)
Last Synced: 2026-03-24T18:10:42.694Z (6 months ago)
Versions: 11
Dependent Packages: 0
Dependent Repositories: 0
Downloads: 46,268 Total
Rankings:
- Dependent repos count: 34.025%
- Average: 48.811%
- Dependent packages count: 51.175%
- Forks count: 51.645%
- Stargazers count: 58.398%

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Particula

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readme.md

Particula

Installation

Quick Start

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Documentation Guide

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Featured Examples

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