Categories - Natural Resources

Sub Categories

Topics

soil-survey, air-quality-data, stormwater, wastewater, digital-soil-mapping, pedometrics, climers, openair, landscape-ecology, pedology, aqi, s4ss, ncss, eda, heatmap, landscape-metrics, toxicology, covid-19, drought-indices, nasis, soil-mapping, integrated-modelling, air-pollution-levels, airquality, groundwater-recharge, brazil, soil-respiration, water-management, epanet, swmm, swmm5, gef, cropland, deep-percolation, automated-river-analysis, fields, pytorch-lightning, earth-sciences, pse, drought, drought-index, civic-apps-team, nhd, sgi, spei, surface-runoff, soil-erosion, spi, gis-based, spectral-unmixing, water-quality-data, air-pollutants, suitability-analysis, aem, aquatic, estuaries, nutrients, phytoplankton, sediment, hydraulic-modelling, swmmanywhere, ow, aquatic-science, lake, mixing, stratification, airmonitoring, aqs, datamart, environmental-data-retrieval, r03, rprogramming, usepa, ogr, openfluid-framework, simulators, hydrological, water-security, waterbalance, waterflux, hbv, pygef, grass, air-quality-monitor, airly, macos-menubar, poland, sensor-station, smog, accumulation, radiometric-temperatures, source-energy-balance, code-for-america, openoakland, west-oakland, seasonal-calendar, emissions-model, bcgov-csnr, groundwater-data, big-earth-data, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, planetary-computer, satellite-image-time-series, stac-api, stac-catalog, openaq, openaq-api, openaq-data, iot-device, MODFLOW, imod, hbv-model, matilda, melt, spotpy, san-francisco-bay, advection, ensemble-prediction, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes, water-distribution-networks, land-change-analysis, kssl, soilweb, field-campaigns, water-monitoring, neutral-landscape-model, geomorphometry, acquisition, extract-data, smap-data, soil-moisture-sensor, nodemcu, plantower, pm10, pms5003, pms5003st, idaes-pse, watertap, citizenscience, opensensemap, geotechnical-engineering, ismn, qa4sm, bias, bcgov, frequency-analysis, hydat, summary-statistics, gsflow, pygsflow, wepp, defra, spatio-temporal-modeling, terrain, sapper, sensor-community, abwasser, datenmanagement, gep, kanalfernsehen, kataster, kek, leitungskataster, qgep, sewerpipe, sia405, teksi, vsa-dss, vsa-kek, werkinformationen, air-quality-measurements, cetesb, rio-de-janeiro, sao-paulo, preprocess, read, sm, ncss-tech, groundwater-level, water-models, epanet-matlab-toolkit, intensity-analysis, land-use-and-land-cover-change, luc-maps, lulc, aqhi, aqhi-canada, cesi, naps, statistical-models, goal programming, mathematical programming, model predictive control, multi-objective optimization, reservoir management, stochastic optimization, water resource management, frm4sm, in-situ, aqi-readings, waqi, landtrendr, airbase, 1d-cnn, conference, hyperspectral-data, publication, publication-code, soil-texture-classification, aguaclara, water-treatment, human-health-assessment, awsm, geomatics, k-means, landslides-detection, merging-algorithms, object-based-image-analysis, optical-satellite-imagery, rsgislib, water-distribution, classification-algorithm, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities, canairio-firmware, firmware, global-database, 2019, hydrographs, well-hydrograph, process-flow-diagram, conservation-international, land-degradation, ldn, natural-climate-solutions, unccd, algal-bloom, meris, olci, comptox, cigarettes, food-security, soils-revealed, covid19, data-dictionary, naming-conventions, odm, sars-cov-2, ensemble-methods, ensembles, global-sensitivity-analysis, non-intrusive, parameter-estimation, uncertainty-quantification, air-quality-api, air-quality-index,

Projects

Contributors

Monika Feldmann [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: advection, ensemble-prediction, forecast-verification, hydrology, nowcasting, optical-flow, precipitation, rainfall, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes and 2 more

Petteri Karsisto [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: advection, ensemble-prediction, forecast-verification, hydrology, nowcasting, optical-flow, precipitation, rainfall, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes and 2 more

Lesley De Cruz [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: advection, ensemble-prediction, forecast-verification, hydrology, nowcasting, optical-flow, precipitation, rainfall, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes and 2 more

Jenna Ritvanen [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: advection, ensemble-prediction, forecast-verification, hydrology, nowcasting, optical-flow, precipitation, rainfall, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes and 2 more

jennifer-wood [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: nasis, nrcs, soil, soil-survey, usda

Dylan Beaudette [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: nasis, nrcs, soil, soil-survey, usda

Brown [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: nasis, nrcs, soil, soil-survey, usda, digital-soil-mapping, pedology, shiny

fawda123 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: reporting, san-francisco-bay, water-quality, ord, limnology, open-science, tampa-bay, tbep, piney-point, otb and 50 more

John Hammerly [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: kssl, nasis, nrcs, soil, soil-data-access, soil-survey, soilweb, usda, training, documention

giosans [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: geomatics, k-means, landslides-detection, merging-algorithms, obia, object-based-image-analysis, optical-satellite-imagery, rsgislib

hectornieto [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: canopy, evapotranspiration, heat, radiometric-temperatures, soil, source-energy-balance, copernicus

Radoslaw Guzinski [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: canopy, evapotranspiration, heat, radiometric-temperatures, soil, source-energy-balance, cloud-masking, qgis, qgis-processing, copernicus and 2 more

ClaireBrenner [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: canopy, evapotranspiration, heat, radiometric-temperatures, soil, source-energy-balance

gabrielmini [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: canopy, evapotranspiration, heat, radiometric-temperatures, soil, source-energy-balance

matt-oak [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: acquisition, extract-data, smap-data, soil-mapping, soil-moisture, soil-moisture-sensor

Andreea Plocon [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: earth-science, soil-moisture, climers, geo

alegrub88 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: earth-science, soil-moisture, climers, geo

teije01 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: earth-science, soil-moisture, climers, geo

Heidi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities

mjn0898 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities

Xiaomei [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities

Luner [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities

Evandro C. Taquary [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities, geospatial-data, geospatial-intelligence

Andrew Heermann [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities

Theo [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: classification-algorithm, coal, hyperspectral-image-classification, open-surface-mining, surface-mining-activities

Maximilian Hesselbarth [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: landscape-ecology, landscape-metrics

Arjun Chennu [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: land-change-analysis, landscape-ecology, landscape-metrics

Justin Braaten [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: change-detection, landscape-dynamics, landtrendr

Peter Clary [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: change-detection, landscape-dynamics, landtrendr

Luca Zappa [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: in-situ, ismn, soil-moisture, climers, frm4sm, geo, qa4sm

Alvaro [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: climate-change, food-security, soils, soils-revealed, water-quality

Rolf Simoes [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: big-earth-data, cbers, earth-observation, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, land-cover-classification, planetary-computer, r-spatial, rspatial, satellite-image-time-series and 6 more

gilbertocamara [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: big-earth-data, cbers, earth-observation, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, land-cover-classification, planetary-computer, r-spatial, rspatial, satellite-image-time-series and 4 more

pedro-andrade-inpe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: big-earth-data, cbers, earth-observation, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, land-cover-classification, planetary-computer, r-spatial, rspatial, satellite-image-time-series and 19 more

lorenalves [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: big-earth-data, cbers, earth-observation, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, land-cover-classification, planetary-computer, r-spatial, rspatial, satellite-image-time-series and 4 more

vwmaus [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: big-earth-data, cbers, earth-observation, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, land-cover-classification, planetary-computer, r-spatial, rspatial, satellite-image-time-series and 3 more

Alexandre Xavier Ywata Carvalho [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: big-earth-data, cbers, earth-observation, eo-datacubes, image-time-series, land-cover-classification, planetary-computer, r-spatial, rspatial, satellite-image-time-series and 3 more

Réginal Exavier [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: geography, intensity-analysis, land-use-and-land-cover-change, luc-maps, lulc, plot, rasters

PeterZeilhofer [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: geography, intensity-analysis, land-use-and-land-cover-change, luc-maps, lulc, plot, rasters

Sebastian [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: earth-science, soil-moisture, file-manager, geodata, ascat, climers, geo

Bertrik Sikken [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: sapper, sensor-community, iot-device, sensor, level, water, waterlevel, entso-e, entso-g, naturalgas and 20 more

3v0k4 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics:

Adam Uhlir [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: jquery-plugin, multi-select, picker, timetracking, toggl, continuous-delivery, ipfs, unit-testing

Evadne Wu [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: elixir, filtering, ecto, ecto-adapter, ets

David Bitner [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: ogc-api, spatiotemporal-asset-catalog, stac-api, stac, aws-cdk, aws-lambda, cog, cogeotiff, dynamic, gdal and 26 more

Vikrant Negi [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: air-pollution, aqi, cigarettes, climate-change, expo, global-warming, pollution, sustainability, app-framework, native-apps and 21 more

shawnwang [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: geometric-deep-learning, graph-convolutional-networks, graph-neural-networks

Phaze-III [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: iot-device, sensor, sapper, sensor-community

Maurício Taffarel [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: sapper, sensor-community, brazil, eleicoes2022

gabe-parrish [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: geoscience, hydrology

Jadey Ryan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

Jadey Ryan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

kumdonoaa dongha_unix@DESKTOP-TB1SOAQ

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics:

Michaela Leštáková [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: ord, water

luna [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: bcgov-csnr, groundwater-data, dds

MartinKalema [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: hacktoberfest2024

Andreas Nüßlein [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: alertmanager, alertmanager-webhook, matrix-org, vibora, backups, prometheus-metrics, restic, restic-backups, pil, pillow and 2 more

CodeLingo Bot [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: aztec-code, barcode, codabar, code128, code39, code93, datamatrix, ean13, ean8, pdf417 and 40 more

Andrew Harvey [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: air-quality, tile, cartography, geolocation, geoportal, mapbox-gl-js, roads, conservation, kenya, marine and 43 more

gemmasSFEI [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics:

jwhite-usgs [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: ensemble-methods, ensembles, global-sensitivity-analysis, non-intrusive, optimization-tools, parallel-computing, parameter-estimation, sensitivity-analysis, uncertainty-quantification

kurceliana [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: epanet, water, water-distribution-networks, hydraulics

Kenny Wong [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: ow

Hugh Graham [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: spatiotemporal-asset-catalog, stac, earth-observation, rspatial

Jadey Ryan [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

Viktor VN [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: advection, ensemble-prediction, forecast-verification, hydrology, nowcasting, optical-flow, precipitation, rainfall, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes and 2 more

FelixE91 [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: advection, ensemble-prediction, forecast-verification, hydrology, nowcasting, optical-flow, precipitation, rainfall, rainfall-prediction, stochastic-processes and 2 more

Janneke Pouwels [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Hydrosphere, Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Freshwater and Hydrology, Water Supply
Topics: MODFLOW, groundwater, imod

Weather-Matt [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: air-quality, emissions-model

Padilla [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: usgs

Simon Oliver [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: gdal

Davide Consoli [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

Doug Manuel [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: covid-19, covid19, data-dictionary, naming-conventions, odm, sars-cov-2, vocabulary, wastewater, cchs, opensci and 1 more

Warsame Yusuf [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: covid-19, covid19, data-dictionary, naming-conventions, odm, sars-cov-2, vocabulary, wastewater, cchs, opensci and 1 more

NielsNicolai [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: covid-19, covid19, data-dictionary, naming-conventions, odm, sars-cov-2, vocabulary, wastewater

Antonio Vanegas [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: air, air-quality, diy-electronics, esp32, ble, bluetooth-low-energy, firmware, co2, meter, monitor and 23 more

Shane Thacker [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: human-health-assessment, risk-assessment, toxicology, ord

nlewycky [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: epa-unknown, human-health-assessment, risk-assessment, toxicology, ord, code-generation, intermediate-representation, llvm, virtual-machine, emscripten and 14 more

SkylarMarvel [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: toxicology

Josh Addington [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: human-health-assessment, risk-assessment, toxicology, ord

Dayne Filer [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: toxicology, ccte, comptox, ord, slurm, setup

Preethi Thunga [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: toxicology

Andy Shapiro [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: human-health-assessment, risk-assessment, toxicology, ord, cffi, interoperability, coefficientplot, dataviz, forestplot, autocomplete

Matt Munns [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Ecotoxicology
Topics: human-health-assessment, risk-assessment, toxicology, ord

Cade Karrenberg [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: ord, water

jdhughes-dev [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: ensemble-methods, ensembles, global-sensitivity-analysis, non-intrusive, optimization-tools, parallel-computing, parameter-estimation, sensitivity-analysis, uncertainty-quantification

Andrew-DeCandia-Volpe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics:

Amanda Alvis [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

szy-al [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics:

Austin Ladshaw [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: idaes-pse, idaesplus, watertap

lbibl [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: idaes-pse, idaesplus, watertap

Till Frankenbach [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics: climate, climate-change, conservation, conservation-international, earth, gef, land, land-degradation, ldn, natural-climate-solutions and 5 more

Zhe Zhang [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

Sebastian Rios Sabogal [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: air-quality, aqi, aqi-analysis, aqi-measuring-station, aqi-monitor, canairio, kedro, pipelines, tangara, air and 18 more

Takayuki Matsubara [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: activejob, activerecord, mvc, code-formatter, rubocop, static-code-analysis, rspec, crash-reporting, ember, error-monitoring and 12 more

Natalya [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

Mendes de Jesus, Jorge [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Soil and Land
Topics:

Dallas Richmond [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply and Quality
Topics: bcgov-csnr, groundwater-data, dds

Christian Hogrefe [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Air Quality
Topics: ord

Jose Bolorinos [email protected]

OST Projects: 1
Categories: Natural Resources
Sub Categories: Water Supply, Water Supply and Quality
Topics: