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Transfer","monthly_downloads":0,"total_dependent_repos":0,"total_dependent_packages":0,"readme":"# Juelich Rapid Spectral Simulation Code\n\nThe Juelich Rapid Spectral Simulation Code (JURASSIC) is a fast\ninfrared radiative transfer model for the analysis of atmospheric\nremote sensing measurements.\n\n![logo](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/blob/master/docs/logo/JURASSIC_320px.png)\n\n[![release (latest by date)](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/slcs-jsc/jurassic)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/releases)\n[![commits since latest release (by SemVer)](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/slcs-jsc/jurassic/latest)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/commits/master)\n[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/slcs-jsc/jurassic.svg)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/commits/master)\n[![top language](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/top/slcs-jsc/jurassic.svg)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/tree/master/src)\n[![code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/slcs-jsc/jurassic.svg)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/tree/master/src)\n[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/slcs-jsc/jurassic.svg)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/tree/master/src)\n[![codacy](https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/aaba414eaf9e4e6784f13458a285ec2f)](https://app.codacy.com/gh/slcs-jsc/jurassic?utm_source=github.com\u0026utm_medium=referral\u0026utm_content=slcs-jsc/jurassic\u0026utm_campaign=Badge_Grade_Settings)\n[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/slcs-jsc/jurassic/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?token=TYGWEJMOLI)](https://codecov.io/gh/slcs-jsc/jurassic)\n[![tests](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/slcs-jsc/jurassic/tests.yml?branch=master\u0026label=tests)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/actions)\n[![docs](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/slcs-jsc/jurassic/docs.yml?branch=master\u0026label=docs)](https://slcs-jsc.github.io/jurassic)\n[![HiRSE Code Promo Badge](https://img.shields.io/badge/Promo-8db427?label=HiRSE\u0026labelColor=005aa0\u0026link=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.fzj.de%2FCodePromo)](https://go.fzj.de/CodePromo)\n[![Ask DeepWiki](https://deepwiki.com/badge.svg)](https://deepwiki.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic)\n[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/slcs-jsc/jurassic.svg)](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/blob/master/COPYING)\n[![doi](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.4572889.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4572889)\n[![SWH](https://archive.softwareheritage.org/badge/origin/https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/)](https://archive.softwareheritage.org/browse/origin/?origin_url=https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic)\n\n## Introduction\n\nThe Jülich Rapid Spectral Simulation Code (JURASSIC) is a radiative\ntransfer model for simulating infrared radiation in the Earth's\natmosphere. It is designed to provide a balance between computational\nefficiency and physical accuracy, making it suitable for a range of\napplications in atmospheric and remote sensing research.\n\nJURASSIC applies established spectral approximations together with\nprecomputed lookup tables derived from detailed line-by-line\ncalculations to represent gaseous absorption, emission, and\ntransmission. This approach enables reliable simulations across large\ndatasets or ensembles without the runtime demands of full line-by-line\nmodels.\n\nTypical use cases include satellite radiance simulations, sensitivity\nstudies, retrieval algorithm development, and the analysis of\natmospheric composition. With its modular design and support for\nhigh-performance computing environments, JURASSIC offers a practical\ntool for studying radiative processes in the middle and upper\natmosphere.\n\n## Features\n\nJURASSIC provides a comprehensive and efficient framework for infrared\nradiative transfer simulations, offering key capabilities to support\nresearch, operational, and development workflows:\n\n- **Efficient radiative transfer approximations**: JURASSIC implements\n    the Emissivity Growth Approximation (EGA) and the Curtis–Godson\n    Approximation (CGA) to model infrared radiative transfer. These\n    methods enable rapid yet accurate simulations of atmospheric\n    radiances and transmittances across a broad spectral range.\n\n- **High-fidelity spectroscopy via lookup tables**: Band\n    transmittances are derived from pre-calculated lookup tables based\n    on detailed line-by-line spectroscopy. This approach maintains\n    spectroscopic accuracy while largely reducing computational cost,\n    making the model suitable for large-scale and near-real-time\n    applications.\n\n- **Optimal estimation retrieval framework**: In addition to forward\n    modelling, JURASSIC includes an optimal estimation retrieval\n    module for inverse modelling of atmospheric state variables. This\n    enables the derivation of geophysical parameters such as\n    temperature or trace gas volume mixing ratios from observed\n    radiances, providing a complete forward–inverse modelling system\n    within the same framework.\n\n- **Flexible configuration and modular design**: The model supports\n    customizable spectral bands, instrument configurations, and\n    atmospheric input fields, allowing users to integrate JURASSIC\n    into diverse workflows and existing analysis pipelines.\n\n- **Validated against established reference models**: The model has\n    undergone extensive benchmarking and intercomparison studies with\n    leading radiative transfer codes such as KOPRA, RFM, and SARTA,\n    ensuring reliable performance and scientific credibility across a\n    wide range of atmospheric conditions.\n\n- **Hybrid parallelization for HPC environments**: JURASSIC enables\n    hybrid MPI–OpenMP parallelization for highly efficient execution\n    on multicore CPUs and HPC clusters, enabling the processing of\n    large datasets, global simulations, or long time series with\n    excellent scalability.\n\n- **Open source and community oriented**: JURASSIC is distributed\n    under the GNU General Public License (GPL), fostering\n    transparency, collaboration, and community-driven development\n    within the atmospheric and remote sensing research community.\n\n## Getting started\n\n### Prerequisites\n\nThis documentation describes the installation of JURASSIC on a Linux\nsystem. A number of standard tools (gcc, git, make) and software\nlibraries are needed to install JURASSIC. The [GNU Scientific\nLibrary](https://www.gnu.org/software/gsl) is required for numerical\ncalculations. A copy of this library can be found in the git\nrepository.\n\n### Installation\n\nTo install JURASSIC, follow these steps:\n\n**1. Download JURASSIC**\n\nGet the latest or a previous version from the\n[JURASSIC releases](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/releases) page. After\ndownloading, extract the release file:\n\n    unzip jurassic-x.y.zip\n\nAlternatively, to get the latest development version, clone the GitHub repository:\n\n    git clone https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic.git\n\n**2. Install required libraries**\n\nThe JURASSIC git repository includes a copy of the GNU GSL library\nthat can be compiled and installed using a build script:\n\n    cd [jurassic_directory]/libs\n    ./build.sh -a\n\nAlternatively, if you prefer to use existing system libraries, install\nthe dependencies manually.\n\n**3. Configure the Makefile**\n\nNavigate to the source directory and adjust the `Makefile` as needed:\n\n    cd [jurassic_directory]/src\n    emacs Makefile\n\nPay special attention to the following settings:\n\n* Edit the `LIBDIR` and `INCDIR` paths to point to the directories\n  where the necessary libraries are located on your system.\n\n* By default, the JURASSIC binaries are linked dynamically. Ensure\n  that the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` is properly configured to include the\n  paths to the shared libraries. If you prefer static linking, you can\n  enable it by setting the `STATIC` flag, which allows you to copy and\n  use the binaries on other machines. However, in some cases, either\n  static or dynamic linking may not be feasible or could cause\n  specific issues.\n\n**4. Compile and test the installation**\n\nOnce the Makefile is configured, compile the code using:\n\n    make [-j]\n\nTo verify the installation, run the test suite:\n\n    make check\n\nThis will execute a series of tests sequentially. If any test fails,\ncheck the log messages for further details.\n\n### Run the examples\n\nJURASSIC provides a project directory for testing the examples and\nalso to store other experiments:\n\n    cd [jurassic_directory]/projects\n\nThis shows how to run the example for the nadir sounder:\n\n    cd nadir ./run.sh\n\nThis shows how to run the example for the limb sounder:\n\n    cd ../limb ./run.sh\n\nIn both examples, we generate an observation geometry file,\n\n    cat obs.tab\n\na standard atmosphere for mid-latitudes,\n\n    cat atm.tab\n\nand conduct radiative transfer calculations for two or three detector\nchannels:\n\n    cat rad.tab\n\nThe output of the simulation is verified by comparing it to reference\ndata.  Additionally, gnuplot is used to create plots of the radiance\ndata:\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n  \u003cimg src=\"projects/limb/plot_rad.png\" alt=\"limb radiance data\" width=\"45%\"/\u003e\n  \u0026emsp;\n  \u003cimg src=\"projects/nadir/plot_rad.png\" alt=\"nadir radiance data\" width=\"45%\"/\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\nKernel functions are calculated using a finite difference method:\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n  \u003cimg src=\"projects/limb/plot_kernel_temperature_792.png\" alt=\"limb temperature kernel function\" width=\"45%\"/\u003e\n  \u0026emsp;\n  \u003cimg src=\"projects/nadir/plot_kernel_temperature_668.5410.png\" alt=\"nadir temperature kernel function\" width=\"45%\"/\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n  \u003cimg src=\"projects/limb/plot_kernel_H2O_792.png\" alt=\"limb water vapor kernel function\" width=\"45%\"/\u003e\n  \u0026emsp;\n  \u003cimg src=\"projects/nadir/plot_kernel_CO2_668.5410.png\" alt=\"nadir water vapor kernel function\" width=\"45%\"/\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n## Further information\n\nMore detailed information for new users and developers of JURASSIC is\ncollected in the [GitHub wiki](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/wiki).\n\nThese are the main references for citing the JURASSIC model in\nscientific publications:\n\n* Baumeister, P. F. and Hoffmann, L.: Fast infrared radiative transfer\n  calculations using graphics processing units: JURASSIC-GPU v2.0,\n  Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 1855–1874,\n  \u003chttps://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1855-2022\u003e, 2022.\n\n* Hoffmann, L., and M. J. Alexander, Retrieval of stratospheric\n  temperatures from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder radiance measurements\n  for gravity wave studies, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D07105,\n  \u003chttps://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011241\u003e, 2009.\n\n* Hoffmann, L., Kaufmann, M., Spang, R., Müller, R., Remedios, J. J.,\n  Moore, D. P., Volk, C. M., von Clarmann, T., and Riese, M.: Envisat\n  MIPAS measurements of CFC-11: retrieval, validation, and\n  climatology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3671-3688,\n  \u003chttps://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3671-2008\u003e, 2008.\n\n* You can cite the source code of JURASSIC by using the DOI\n  \u003chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4572889\u003e. This DOI represents all\n  versions, and will always resolve to the latest one. Specific DOIs\n  for each release of JURASSIC can be found on the zenodo web site.\n\nPlease see the [citation file](https://github.com/slcs-jsc/jurassic/blob/master/CITATION.cff)\nfor further information.\n\n## Contributing\n\nWe are interested in sharing JURASSIC for operational or research\napplications. 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