{"id":754,"name":"ICAR","description":"A simplified atmospheric model designed primarily for climate downscaling, atmospheric sensitivity tests, and hopefully educational uses.","url":"https://github.com/NCAR/icar","last_synced_at":"2026-04-10T18:30:16.052Z","repository":{"id":2780342,"uuid":"45069219","full_name":"NCAR/icar","owner":"NCAR","description":"The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research model (ICAR)","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2025-04-30T22:55:31.000Z","size":16308,"stargazers_count":83,"open_issues_count":13,"forks_count":54,"subscribers_count":25,"default_branch":"main","last_synced_at":"2026-04-05T16:03:01.166Z","etag":null,"topics":["climate","downscaling","icar","netcdf","precipitation","regional-climate-model"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"","language":"Fortran","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"mit","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/NCAR.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE.md","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null,"zenodo":null}},"created_at":"2015-10-27T20:50:39.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-15T01:32:17.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-10-13T16:07:29.523Z","dependency_job_id":"2dbebcdc-c7c5-48c2-ac54-0dfa4cdfee33","html_url":"https://github.com/NCAR/icar","commit_stats":{"total_commits":1523,"total_committers":33,"mean_commits":46.15151515151515,"dds":"0.16546290216677606","last_synced_commit":"9ee76831e6fa432f4ee185ecbe1aadb600eee0a4"},"previous_names":[],"tags_count":16,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/NCAR/icar","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/NCAR","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/NCAR/icar/tar.gz/refs/heads/main","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":31520577,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-04-07T16:28:08.000Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-04-07T16:28:06.951Z","response_time":105,"last_error":"SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 peeraddr=140.82.121.5:443 state=error: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"owner":{"login":"NCAR","name":"NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research","uuid":"2007542","kind":"organization","description":"NSF NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.","email":null,"website":"http://ncar.ucar.edu","location":"Boulder, CO","twitter":null,"company":null,"icon_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2007542?v=4","repositories_count":934,"last_synced_at":"2024-04-16T05:55:57.342Z","metadata":{"has_sponsors_listing":false},"html_url":"https://github.com/NCAR","funding_links":[],"total_stars":4921,"followers":398,"following":0,"created_at":"2022-11-03T15:09:03.642Z","updated_at":"2024-04-16T05:59:17.320Z","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/NCAR","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/NCAR/repositories"},"packages":[],"commits":{"id":1254383,"full_name":"NCAR/icar","default_branch":"main","total_commits":1528,"total_committers":33,"total_bot_commits":0,"total_bot_committers":0,"mean_commits":46.303030303030305,"dds":0.1681937172774869,"past_year_total_commits":1,"past_year_total_committers":1,"past_year_total_bot_commits":0,"past_year_total_bot_committers":0,"past_year_mean_commits":1.0,"past_year_dds":0.0,"last_synced_at":"2026-04-07T17:06:40.809Z","last_synced_commit":"7fe80b4d86e24acae9925cf15f092bb6490ae228","created_at":"2023-03-27T11:33:20.422Z","updated_at":"2026-04-07T17:02:04.355Z","committers":[{"name":"Ethan Gutmann","email":"gutmann@ucar.edu","login":"gutmann","count":1271},{"name":"Soren Rasmussen","email":"s.c.rasmussen@gmail.com","login":"scrasmussen","count":78},{"name":"Bert Kruyt","email":"bert.kruyt@epfl.ch","login":null,"count":54},{"name":"Bert Kruyt","email":"bertkruyt@protonmail.com","login":"bertjebertjek","count":30},{"name":"Trude Eidhammer","email":"trude@ucar.edu","login":"trudeeidhammer","count":20},{"name":"Dylan Reynolds","email":"dylan.reynolds@slf.ch","login":null,"count":18},{"name":"Johannes Horak","email":"johannes.horak@timaios.org","login":"johanneshorak","count":8},{"name":"Patrik Bohlinger","email":"pbo003@uib.no","login":null,"count":6},{"name":"Tom Enzminger","email":"enzminger@cheyenne1.cheyenne.ucar.edu","login":null,"count":5},{"name":"Trude Eidhammer","email":"trude@yslogin1.(none)","login":null,"count":4},{"name":"Damian Rouson","email":"damian@sourceryinstitute.org","login":"rouson","count":3},{"name":"Dylan Reynolds","email":"dreynold@daint103.login.cscs.ch","login":null,"count":3},{"name":"Tom Enzminger","email":"enzminger@cheyenne2.cheyenne.ucar.edu","login":null,"count":3},{"name":"Dylan Reynolds","email":"46075923+d-reynolds","login":"d-reynolds","count":2},{"name":"Patrik Bohlinger","email":"pbohlinger@gmx.de","login":"DevPB","count":2},{"name":"Dylan Reynolds","email":"dreynold@daint107.login.cscs.ch","login":null,"count":2},{"name":"Tom Enzminger","email":"enzminger@cheyenne5.cheyenne.ucar.edu","login":null,"count":2},{"name":"Tom Enzminger","email":"enzminger@cheyenne6.cheyenne.ucar.edu","login":null,"count":2},{"name":"Bert","email":"soulskiing@protonmail.com","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Bert Kruyt","email":"bkruyt@cheyenne3.cheyenne.ucar.edu","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Bert Kuyrt","email":"bkruyt@daint102.login.cscs.ch","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Dylan Reynolds","email":"dreynold@daint106.login.cscs.ch","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Ethan Gutmann","email":"gutmann@pakaldi.local","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Haerer Stefan","email":"sumalife@l31.cm.cluster","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Joshua Hacker","email":"j.hacker@joshuas-air.fl-guest.ucar.edu","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Trude Eidhammer","email":"trude@caldera06.(none)","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Trude Eidhammer","email":"trude@caldera09.(none)","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Trude Eidhammer","email":"trude@yslogin3.(none)","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"Dustin Swales","email":"dustin.swales@noaa.gov","login":"dustinswales","count":1},{"name":"Rachel McCrary","email":"rmccrary@ucar.edu","login":"rachel-mccrary","count":1},{"name":"julievano","email":"jvano@ucar.edu","login":"julievano","count":1},{"name":"krasouli","email":"kabir.rasouli@usask.ca","login":"krasouli","count":1},{"name":"luciascaff","email":"lucia.scaff@usask.ca","login":"luciascaff","count":1}],"past_year_committers":[{"name":"Soren Rasmussen","email":"s.c.rasmussen@gmail.com","login":"scrasmussen","count":1}],"commits_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar/commits","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","last_synced_at":"2026-04-09T00:00:23.197Z","repositories_count":6212625,"commits_count":911532372,"contributors_count":35183078,"owners_count":1143406,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","host_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories"}},"issues_stats":{"full_name":"NCAR/icar","html_url":"https://github.com/NCAR/icar","last_synced_at":"2026-03-07T02:01:12.372Z","status":"error","issues_count":42,"pull_requests_count":152,"avg_time_to_close_issue":30617882.612903226,"avg_time_to_close_pull_request":1082286.8716216215,"issues_closed_count":31,"pull_requests_closed_count":148,"pull_request_authors_count":15,"issue_authors_count":11,"avg_comments_per_issue":1.7857142857142858,"avg_comments_per_pull_request":0.5657894736842105,"merged_pull_requests_count":135,"bot_issues_count":0,"bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_issues_count":3,"past_year_pull_requests_count":5,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_issue":null,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_pull_request":6519522.0,"past_year_issues_closed_count":0,"past_year_pull_requests_closed_count":2,"past_year_pull_request_authors_count":1,"past_year_issue_authors_count":1,"past_year_avg_comments_per_issue":0.6666666666666666,"past_year_avg_comments_per_pull_request":0.4,"past_year_bot_issues_count":0,"past_year_bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_merged_pull_requests_count":1,"created_at":"2023-05-09T10:47:07.336Z","updated_at":"2026-03-07T02:01:12.373Z","repository_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar","issues_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/NCAR%2Ficar/issues","issue_labels_count":{"enhancement":2,"help wanted":1,"bug":1},"pull_request_labels_count":{},"issue_author_associations_count":{"MEMBER":20,"NONE":18,"CONTRIBUTOR":4},"pull_request_author_associations_count":{"MEMBER":117,"CONTRIBUTOR":31,"COLLABORATOR":10,"NONE":3},"issue_authors":{"gutmann":16,"wwwliye":9,"ghost":4,"scrasmussen":4,"bertjebertjek":3,"liuppei":1,"wundersooner":1,"wrzesien":1,"johanneshorak":1,"zxh163404":1,"sebastian-mutz":1},"pull_request_authors":{"gutmann":61,"scrasmussen":56,"bertjebertjek":12,"johanneshorak":9,"d-reynolds":6,"trudeeidhammer":6,"DevPB":3,"shaerer":1,"krasouli":1,"julievano":1,"rachel-mccrary":1,"then6702":1,"joshphacker":1,"dustinswales":1,"luciascaff":1},"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","last_synced_at":"2026-04-05T00:00:08.668Z","repositories_count":14089617,"issues_count":34439849,"pull_requests_count":112367015,"authors_count":11226217,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","host_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","owners_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners","authors_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors"},"past_year_issue_labels_count":{},"past_year_pull_request_labels_count":{},"past_year_issue_author_associations_count":{},"past_year_pull_request_author_associations_count":{"MEMBER":2},"past_year_issue_authors":{},"past_year_pull_request_authors":{"scrasmussen":2},"maintainers":[{"login":"gutmann","count":77,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/gutmann"},{"login":"scrasmussen","count":60,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/scrasmussen"},{"login":"trudeeidhammer","count":6,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/trudeeidhammer"},{"login":"DevPB","count":3,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/DevPB"},{"login":"krasouli","count":1,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/krasouli"}],"active_maintainers":[{"login":"scrasmussen","count":2,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/scrasmussen"}]},"events":{"total":{"PullRequestEvent":10,"ForkEvent":1,"IssuesEvent":3,"WatchEvent":8,"IssueCommentEvent":4,"PushEvent":2,"PullRequestReviewEvent":1},"last_year":{"PullRequestEvent":5,"ForkEvent":1,"WatchEvent":4,"IssueCommentEvent":2,"PushEvent":2,"PullRequestReviewEvent":1}},"keywords":["climate","downscaling","icar","netcdf","precipitation","regional-climate-model"],"dependencies":[],"score":8.060855752934316,"created_at":"2023-09-11T11:54:35.819Z","updated_at":"2026-04-11T00:26:44.515Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/NCAR.png","language":"Fortran","category":"Sustainable Development","sub_category":"Education","monthly_downloads":0,"total_dependent_repos":0,"total_dependent_packages":0,"readme":"# The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR)\n\n[![main](https://github.com/NCAR/icar/actions/workflows/icar-main-commit.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/NCAR/icar/actions/workflows/icar-main-commit.yml)\n[![develop](https://github.com/NCAR/icar/actions/workflows/icar-develop-commit.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/NCAR/icar/actions/workflows/icar-develop-commit.yml)\n[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/icar/badge/)](http://icar.readthedocs.org/en/develop/)\n\nICAR is a simplified atmospheric model designed primarily for climate downscaling, atmospheric sensitivity tests, and hopefully educational uses. ICAR combines an analytical solution for flow over mountains (linear mountain wave theory) with the large scale flow for a driving model to predict the high resolution wind field. It then advects and heat and moisture through the domain while computing cloud microphysical effects. ICAR has includes a land surface model as well for land atmosphere interactions; ICAR can simulate open water fluxes, PBL mixing, surface radiation, and even parameterized convection.\n\nIn ICAR 2.0 (currently early alpha), ICAR supports parallelization across hundreds of computing nodes (the basic physics have been shown to scale up to nearly 100,000 processors) using coarray fortran. This version of the code has a significant overhaul of the original code base, and as a result not all functionality has been restored yet.\n\nDocumentation is (slowly) being built on [readthedocs](http://icar.readthedocs.org/en/latest/) and doxygen based documentation can be built now by running \"make doc\", and is available through [github-pages](http://NCAR.github.io/icar).\n\n#### Requirements\nTo run the model 3D time-varying atmospheric data are required, though an ideal test case can be generated for simple simulations as well.  See \"Running the Model\" below. There are some sample python scripts to help make input forcing files, but the WRF pre-processing system can also be used.  Low-resolution WRF output files can be used directly, various reanalysis and GCM output files can be used with minimal pre-processing (just get all the variables in the same netcdf file.)  In addition, a high-resolution netCDF topography file is required.  This will define the grid that ICAR will run on.  Finally and ICAR options file is used to specify various parameters for the model.  A sample options file is provided in the run/ directory.\n\nTo run ICAR on more than one compute node requires a fortran compiler that supports the use of coarrays.  This includes ifort \u003e= ~18, gfortran \u003e= ~6.3 (with opencoarrays), and cray's fortran compiler. Note that ifort has often been extremely slow, cray's implementation is excellent but ICAR is not well tested with it, gfortran works very well, but some combinations of gfortran and opencoarrays may not work.\n\n#### Developing\nIf you plan to make any major additions to ICAR, please get in touch, for minor changes feel free to just submit a pull request. The current workflow is to make changes and pull requests to the `develop` branch.\n\nFor an outline of the basic code structure see the [ICAR code overview](docs/icar_code_overview.md)\n\nFor reference working with the model code and git, see the [ICAR and Git workflow](docs/howto/icar_and_git_howto.md).\n\n#### Reference\nGutmann, E. D., I. Barstad, M. P. Clark, J. R. Arnold, and R. M. Rasmussen (2016), *The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model*, J. Hydrometeor, doi:[10.1175/JHM-D-15-0155.1](http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0155.1).\n","funding_links":[],"readme_doi_urls":["http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0155.1"],"works":{"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0155.1":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2235957793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1","title":"The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR)","display_name":"The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR)","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2235957793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1","mag":"2235957793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37844757","display_name":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","issn_l":"1525-7541","issn":["1525-7541","1525-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"unspecified-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046667824","display_name":"E. D. Gutmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-3430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130392","display_name":"Research Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2v3574","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Gutmann","raw_affiliation_string":"Research Applications Laboratory\u003c/br\u003eNational Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/br\u003eBoulder, Colorado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Applications Laboratory\u003c/br\u003eNational Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/br\u003eBoulder, Colorado"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016908305","display_name":"Idar Barstad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102807","display_name":"Uni Research (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/016tr2j79","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102807"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idar Barstad","raw_affiliation_string":"Uni Research Computing, Bergen, Norway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Uni Research Computing, Bergen, Norway"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083530273","display_name":"Martyn P. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-2625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130392","display_name":"Research Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2v3574","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martyn Clark","raw_affiliation_string":"Research Applications Laboratory\u003c/br\u003eNational Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/br\u003eBoulder, Colorado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Applications Laboratory\u003c/br\u003eNational Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/br\u003eBoulder, Colorado"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080554364","display_name":"Jeffrey R. Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-6417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306490931","display_name":"United States Army Corps of Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/05w4e8v21","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306490931","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Arnold","raw_affiliation_string":"Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate Preparedness and Resilience Programs, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036260654","display_name":"Roy Rasmussen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107766831","display_name":"National Center for Atmospheric Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvfcr44","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107766831","https://openalex.org/I2799356940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130392","display_name":"Research Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2v3574","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_string":"Research Applications Laboratory\u003c/br\u003eNational Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/br\u003eBoulder, Colorado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Applications Laboratory\u003c/br\u003eNational Center for Atmospheric Research\u003c/br\u003eBoulder, Colorado"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":46,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"957","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"complexity","score":0.4069},{"keyword":"icar","score":0.3914},{"keyword":"research","score":0.2598},{"keyword":"model","score":0.2506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133204551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838305","display_name":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model","level":2,"score":0.9317292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.6783199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.5521275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.53758454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.53472614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379788","display_name":"Advection","level":2,"score":0.48824504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.46604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.40856686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3581154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.25335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24958691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18723878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37844757","display_name":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","issn_l":"1525-7541","issn":["1525-7541","1525-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"unspecified-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0155.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37844757","display_name":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","issn_l":"1525-7541","issn":["1525-7541","1525-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"unspecified-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533715447","https://openalex.org/W1597781749","https://openalex.org/W1624852024","https://openalex.org/W1698050372","https://openalex.org/W1823032471","https://openalex.org/W1826495698","https://openalex.org/W1838144200","https://openalex.org/W1966334841","https://openalex.org/W1968572151","https://openalex.org/W1971250671","https://openalex.org/W1980903571","https://openalex.org/W1984884576","https://openalex.org/W1984909515","https://openalex.org/W1995098015","https://openalex.org/W1995386015","https://openalex.org/W1999783660","https://openalex.org/W2014927728","https://openalex.org/W2015834247","https://openalex.org/W2021350270","https://openalex.org/W2028979275","https://openalex.org/W2029072562","https://openalex.org/W2039173909","https://openalex.org/W2046899724","https://openalex.org/W2067349130","https://openalex.org/W2074265780","https://openalex.org/W2091819047","https://openalex.org/W2093842327","https://openalex.org/W2095992564","https://openalex.org/W2098441417","https://openalex.org/W2103680334","https://openalex.org/W2104057601","https://openalex.org/W2105103805","https://openalex.org/W2117169459","https://openalex.org/W2120903086","https://openalex.org/W2125634634","https://openalex.org/W2126913485","https://openalex.org/W2141899511","https://openalex.org/W2142463025","https://openalex.org/W2149900683","https://openalex.org/W2159846690","https://openalex.org/W2163145639","https://openalex.org/W2171254377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210433126","https://openalex.org/W2507443105","https://openalex.org/W3158471665","https://openalex.org/W3198951408","https://openalex.org/W2780205653","https://openalex.org/W1917770611","https://openalex.org/W3082384766","https://openalex.org/W2977614893","https://openalex.org/W4249786922","https://openalex.org/W2038909984"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2235957793/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"limited":[2],"computational":[3,248],"resources,":[4],"there":[5],"is":[6,14,81,128],"a":[7,85,180,197,203],"need":[8],"for":[9,18,40,53,98,129,154,179],"computationally":[10,31],"frugal":[11],"models.":[12,34],"This":[13],"particularly":[15],"the":[16,44,74,89,118,123,140,147,169,184,188,211,230,237],"case":[17],"atmospheric":[19],"sciences,":[20],"which":[21],"have":[22],"long":[23,65],"relied":[24],"on":[25,172],"either":[26],"simplistic":[27],"analytical":[28,96],"solutions":[29,37],"or":[30],"expensive":[32],"numerical":[33,47,107],"The":[35,120],"simpler":[36],"are":[38,160],"inadequate":[39],"many":[41,54,69],"problems,":[42,55],"while":[43],"cost":[45],"of":[46,122,126,131,199,205,208],"models":[48],"makes":[49],"their":[50],"use":[51],"impossible":[52],"most":[56],"notably":[57],"high-resolution":[58,99],"climate":[59,71],"downscaling":[60],"applications":[61],"spanning":[62],"large":[63],"areas,":[64],"time":[66],"periods,":[67],"and":[68,113,133,137,146,150,168,216,226,234],"global":[70],"projections.":[72],"Here":[73],"Intermediate":[75],"Complexity":[76],"Atmospheric":[77],"Research":[78,149],"model":[79],"(ICAR)":[80],"presented":[82],"to":[83,101,116,229],"provide":[84],"new":[86],"step":[87],"along":[88],"modeling":[90],"complexity":[91],"continuum.":[92],"ICAR":[93,127,145,191,225],"leverages":[94],"an":[95,157],"solution":[97],"perturbations":[100],"wind":[102],"velocities,":[103],"in":[104,236],"conjunction":[105],"with":[106,202,222],"physics":[108],"schemes,":[109],"that":[110],"is,":[111],"advection":[112],"cloud":[114],"microphysics,":[115],"simulate":[117],"atmosphere.":[119],"focus":[121],"initial":[124],"development":[125],"predictions":[130,195],"precipitation,":[132],"eventually":[134],"temperature,":[135],"humidity,":[136],"radiation":[138],"at":[139],"land":[141],"surface.":[142],"Comparisons":[143],"between":[144,224,232],"Weather":[148],"Forecasting":[151],"(WRF)":[152],"Model":[153,175],"simulations":[155],"over":[156,183],"idealized":[158],"mountain":[159],"presented,":[161],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"among":[165],"ICAR,":[166,214],"WRF,":[167,215],"Parameter-Elevation":[170],"Regressions":[171],"Independent":[173],"Slopes":[174],"(PRISM)":[176],"observation-based":[177],"product":[178],"year-long":[181],"simulation":[182],"Colorado":[185,212],"Rockies.":[186],"In":[187,210],"ideal":[189],"simulations,":[190,242],"matches":[192],"WRF":[193,227,233,243],"precipitation":[194],"across":[196],"range":[198],"environmental":[200],"conditions":[201],"coefficient":[204],"determination":[206],"r2":[207],"0.92.":[209],"Rockies,":[213],"PRISM":[217,235],"show":[218],"very":[219],"good":[220],"agreement,":[221],"differences":[223,231],"comparable":[228],"cool":[238],"season.":[239],"For":[240],"these":[241],"required":[244],"140–800":[245],"times":[246],"more":[247],"resources":[249],"than":[250],"ICAR.":[251]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2235957793","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-15T06:44:51.851085","created_date":"2016-06-24"}},"citation_counts":{"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0155.1":46},"total_citations":46,"keywords_from_contributors":["nwp","coarrays"],"project_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/754","html_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/projects/754"}