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Transfer","monthly_downloads":0,"total_dependent_repos":0,"total_dependent_packages":0,"readme":"# ecRad\n\nThe ECMWF atmospheric radiation scheme\n\nFor more complete information about compilation and usage of ecRad,\nplease see the documentation on the\n[ecRad web site](https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/ECRAD).\n\n\n## Introduction\n\nThis package contains the offline version of a radiation scheme\nsuitable for use in atmospheric weather and climate models.  The code\nis designed to be extensible and flexible.  For example, the gas\noptics, cloud optics and solver are completely separated (see\n`radiation/radiation_interface.F90` where they are called in sequence),\nthereby facilitating future changes where different gas models or\nsolvers may be switched in and out independently. The offline code is\nparallelized using OpenMP.\n\nFive solvers are currently available:\n\n1. The Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (McICA) of Pincus\net al. (2003). This is is a now widely used method for treating cloud\nstructure efficiently. The implementation in this package is more\nefficient than the one currently operational in the ECMWF model, and\nproduces less noise in partially cloudy situations. Note that since\nMcICA is stocastic, individual flux profiles using McICA may differ\nsimply due to random variations in the sampling of the cloud field.\n\n2. The Tripleclouds scheme of Shonk and Hogan (2008). This represents\ncloud structure by dividing each layer into three regions, one clear\nand two cloudy with different optical depth. It is somewhat slower\nthan McICA but does not generate noise.\n\n3. The Speedy Algorithm for Radiative Transfer through Cloud Sides\n(SPARTACUS) of Hogan et al. (JGR 2016). This is a method for\nefficiently treating 3D radiative effects associated with clouds. It\nuses the same differential equations proposed by Hogan and Shonk (JAS\n2013), but solves them using a matrix exponential method that is much\nmore elegant than their method, and is also here extended to the\nlongwave (see Schaefer et al., JGR 2016).  It also incorporates the\nTripleclouds methodology of Shonk and Hogan (2008) to represent cloud\ninhomogeneity.\n\n4. A homogeneous (plane parallel) solver in which clouds are assumed\nto fill the gridbox horizontally.  This is useful for computing\nIndependent Column Approximation benchmarks.\n\n5. A \"cloudless\" solver if your focus is on clear skies.\n\nTwo gas optics models are available:\n\n1. The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTMG), the\nimplementation being that from the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System\n(IFS).\n\n2. The ECMWF Correlated k-Distribution (ecCKD) scheme (since ecRad\n1.5), which uses a flexible discretization of the spectrum that is\nread from a file at run-time.\n\n\n## Package overview\n\nThe subdirectories are as follows:\n\n- `radiation` - the ecRad souce code\n\n- `ifsaux` - source code providing a (sometimes dummy) IFS environment\n\n- `ifsrrtm` - the IFS implementation of the RRTMG gas optics scheme\n\n- `utilities` - source code for useful utilities, such as reading netCDF\n       files\n\n- `drhook` - dummy version of the Dr Hook profiling system\n\n- `driver` - the source code for the offline driver program\n\n- `ifs` - slightly modified source files from the IFS that are used to provide inputs to\n        ecRad, but not used in this offline version except if you compile the ecrad_ifs_driver executable\n\n- `mod` - where Fortran module files are written\n\n- `lib` - where the static libraries are written\n\n- `bin` - where the executable ecrad is written\n\n- `data` - contains configuration data read at run-time\n\n- `test` - test cases including Matlab code to plot the outputs\n\n- `include` - automatically generated interface blocks for non-module routines\n\n- `practical` - exercises to get started with ecRad\n\n\n## Compilation\n\n1. Ensure you have a reasonably recent Fortran compiler - it needs to\nsupport modules with `contains` and `procedure` statements for\nexample.  Ensure you have the Fortran netCDF library installed\n(versions 3 or 4) and that the module file is compatible with your\nFortran compiler.\n\n2. You can compile the code using\n\n       make PROFILE=\u003cprof\u003e\n\n   where `\u003cprof\u003e` is one of `gfortran`, `pgi`, `cray` or `intel`.\n   This will read the system-specific configurations from the file\n   `Makefile_include.\u003cprof\u003e`.  If you omit the `PROFILE=` option then\n   `gfortran` will be assumed. If you have a compiler other than these\n   then create such a file for your compiler following the example in\n   `Makefile_include.gfortran`. Two additional profiles are provided,\n   `ecmwf` which builds on the `gfortran` profile and `uor`\n   (University of Reading) which is built on the `pgi` profile.\n\n   If the compile is successful then static libraries should appear in\n   the `lib` directory, and then the executable `bin/ecrad`.\n\n3. To clean-up, type `make clean`.  To build an unoptimized version\n   for debugging, you can do\n\n       make PROFILE=\u003cprof\u003e DEBUG=1\n\n   or you can specifically override the variables in `Makefile_include.\u003cprof\u003e`\n   using, for example\n\n       make PROFILE=\u003cprof\u003e OPTFLAGS=-O0 DEBUGFLAGS=\"-g -pg\"\n\n   To compile in single precision add `SINGLE_PRECISION=1` to the\n   `make` command line.  To compile with the Dr Hook profiling system,\n   first install ECMWF's [fiat library]([ecRad web\n   site](https://github.com/ecmwf-ifs/fiat), then add\n   `FIATDIR=/path/to/fiat` to the `make` command line, such that the\n   files `$FIATDIR/lib/libfiat.so` and\n   `$FIATDIR/module/fiat/yomhook.mod` can be found at build time.\n\n\n## Testing\n\nThe offline driver is run via\n\n    ecrad \u003cnamelist.nam\u003e \u003cinput_file.nc\u003e \u003coutput_file.nc\u003e\n\nwhere the radiation scheme is configured using the Fortran namelist\nfile `\u003cnamelist.nam\u003e`, and the inputs and outputs are in netCDF\nformat.\n\nThe `practical` directory contains a set of practical exercises to\nhelp new users become familiar with the capabilities of ecRad. Start\nby reading the instructions in `practical/ecrad_practical.pdf`.\n\nThe `test/ifs` directory contains a pole-to-pole slice of\nlow-resolution IFS model data in a form to use as input to the offline\nversion of ecRad. It includes aerosols extracted from the CAMS\nclimatology used operationally since IFS Cycle 43R3. Typing `make\ntest` in this directory runs a number of configurations of ecRad\ndescribed in the Makefile. The Matlab script `plot_ifs.m` can be used\nto visualize the results. The file\n`ecrad_meridian_default_out_REFERENCE.nc` contains a reference version\nof the output file `ecrad_meridian_default_out.nc` (case \"a\"), which\nyou can compare to be sure your compilation is working as\nexpected. This case has essentially been superceded by the slice in the\n`practical` directory.\n\nThe `test/i3rc` directory contains the 1D profile of the I3RC cumulus\ntest case used by Hogan et al. (2016). Typing `make test` in this\ndirectory runs the various 1D and 3D configurations of ecRad. The\nMatlab script `plot_i3rc.m` can then be used to visualize the results,\nreproducing three of the figures from Hogan et al. (2016). Note that\nyou will need to ensure that a reasonably up-to-date version of the\n`nco` tools are available and in your path.  This test involves\nrunning the duplicate_profiles.sh script, which duplicates the single\nprofile in `i3rc_mls_cumulus.nc`, each with a different solar zenith\nangle.\n\nThe `test/surface` directory contains tests of the surface tile types,\nalthough this is under development and so nothing here is guaranteed\nto work.\n\nAlternatively, type `make test` in the top-level directory to run all\ncases.\n\nIn addition to writing the output file, a file containing the\nintermediate radiative properties of the atmosphere for each g-point\ncan be stored in `radiative_properties.nc` (edit the config namelist to\nenable this), but note that the g-points have been reordered in\napproximate order of optical depth if the SPARTACUS solver is chosen.\n\n## CMake BUILD PROCEDURE\n\nThe ecRad radiation scheme can also be built using CMake and\n[ecbuild](https://github.com/ecmwf/ecbuild). This only requires CMake to be\ninstalled, if ecbuild cannot be found a compatible version will\nautomatically be downloaded.\n\nCMake will perform an out-of-tree build, i.e., put all build artifacts into\na different directory than the source files.\nWith the code checked out into `\u003cecrad directory\u003e`, the CMake build procedure\nis as follows:\n\n```sh\ncmake -B \u003cbuild-directory\u003e -S \u003cecrad directory\u003e\ncmake --build \u003cbuild-directory\u003e\n```\n\nOptionally, the first command can be amended with `-Dfiat_ROOT=\u003cfiat build dir\u003e`\nto build against the optional [fiat](https://github.com/ecmwf-ifs/fiat) build\ndependency. Other build options are:\n\n* `DOUBLE_PRECISION`: build double-precision version (default: ON)\n* `SINGLE_PRECISION`: build single-precision version (default: OFF)\n* `OMP`: build with OpenMP thread-parallelism if supported by the compiler (default: ON)\n\nThe options can be enabled/disabled by providing `-DENABLE_\u003cOPTION\u003e=ON|OFF` to the first command.\n\nCMake comes with a test suite that runs a set of configurations of ecrad.\nExecute the tests after successful compilation using:\n\n```sh\ncd \u003cbuild-dir\u003e\nctest\n```\n\n\n## Licence\n\n(C) Copyright 2014- ECMWF.\n\nThis software is licensed under the terms of the Apache Licence Version 2.0\nwhich can be obtained at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.\n\nIn applying this licence, ECMWF does not waive the privileges and immunities\ngranted to it by virtue of its status as an intergovernmental organisation\nnor does it submit to any jurisdiction.\nCopyright statements are given in the file NOTICE.\n\nThe ifsrrtm directory of this package includes a modified version of\nthe gas optics part of the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMS\n(RRTMG).  RRTMG was developed at Atmospheric \u0026 Environmental Research\n(AER), Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts and is available under the\n\"3-clause BSD\" license; for details, see ifsrrtm/AER-BSD3-LICENSE.\n\n\n# Contributing\n\nContributions to ECRAD are welcome.\nIn order to do so, please open an issue where a feature request or bug can be discussed.\nThen create a pull request with your contribution and sign the [contributors license agreement (CLA)](https://bol-claassistant.ecmwf.int/ecmwf-ifs/ecrad).\n\n\n## Publications\n\nThe ecRad radiation scheme itself is described here:\n\n - Hogan, R. J., and A. Bozzo, 2018: A flexible and efficient radiation\nscheme for the ECMWF model.  J. Adv. Modeling Earth Syst., 10, 1990-2008,\ndoi:10.1029/2018MS001364.\n\n - Hogan, R. J., and A. Bozzo, 2016: ECRAD: A new radiation scheme for\nthe IFS. ECMWF Technical Memorandum number 787, 35pp:\nhttp://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/16901-ecrad-new-radiation-scheme-ifs\n\nA two-part paper is published in Journal of Geophysics Research\ndescribing the SPARTACUS technique:\n\n - Schäfer, S. A. K., R. J. Hogan, C. Klinger, J.-C. Chiu and B. Mayer,\n2016: Representing 3D cloud-radiation effects in two-stream schemes: 1. Longwave considerations and effective cloud edge length.\nJ. Geophys. Res., 121, 8567-8582.\nhttp://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~swrhgnrj/publications/spartacus_part1.pdf\n\n - Hogan, R. J., S. A. K. Schäfer, C. Klinger, J.-C. Chiu and B. Mayer,\n2016: Representing 3D cloud-radiation effects in two-stream schemes: 2. Matrix formulation and broadband evaluation. J. Geophys. Res., 121,\n8583-8599.\nhttp://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~swrhgnrj/publications/spartacus_part2.pdf\n\nMore recent developments on the shortwave SPARTACUS solver, available\nsince ecRad 1.1.10, are described here:\n\n - Hogan, R. J., M. D. Fielding, H. W. Barker, N. Villefranque and\nS. A. K. Schäfer, 2019: Entrapment: An important mechanism to explain\nthe shortwave 3D radiative effect of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 76,\n2123–2141.\n\nThe ecCKD gas optics scheme is described here:\n\n - Hogan, R. J., and M. Matricardi, 2022: a tool for generating fast\nk-distribution gas-optics models for weather and climate\napplications. J. Adv. Modeling Earth Sys., in review.\n\n","funding_links":[],"readme_doi_urls":[],"works":{},"citation_counts":{},"total_citations":0,"keywords_from_contributors":["source-to-source"],"project_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/64172","html_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/projects/64172"}