{"id":19939,"name":"matpower","description":"A package of M-files for solving power flow, continuation power flow and optimal power flow problems using MATLAB or Octave.","url":"https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower","last_synced_at":"2026-04-20T08:30:56.424Z","repository":{"id":43689843,"uuid":"76678818","full_name":"MATPOWER/matpower","owner":"MATPOWER","description":"MATPOWER – steady state power flow simulation and optimization for MATLAB and Octave","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2026-03-11T00:26:56.000Z","size":60634,"stargazers_count":546,"open_issues_count":16,"forks_count":175,"subscribers_count":29,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2026-04-07T02:03:32.475Z","etag":null,"topics":["matpower","matpower-github"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"https://matpower.org","language":"MATLAB","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"other","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/MATPOWER.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":"CHANGES.md","contributing":"CONTRIBUTING.md","funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":"CITATION","codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":"AUTHORS","dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null,"zenodo":null,"notice":null,"maintainers":null,"copyright":null,"agents":null,"dco":null,"cla":null}},"created_at":"2016-12-16T19:12:30.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T07:51:24.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-09-21T19:48:00.197Z","dependency_job_id":"4c6a6af4-e6b4-4922-b5f7-28444fcbbbc7","html_url":"https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower","commit_stats":{"total_commits":2497,"total_committers":18,"mean_commits":"138.72222222222223","dds":"0.039247096515819035","last_synced_commit":"60f41f0452c88b8f50ed31c4ce5ee66be496e885"},"previous_names":[],"tags_count":45,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/MATPOWER/matpower","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/MATPOWER","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/MATPOWER/matpower/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":31583290,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-04-08T14:31:17.711Z","status":"online","status_checked_at":"2026-04-09T02:00:06.848Z","response_time":112,"last_error":null,"robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":true,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"owner":{"login":"MATPOWER","name":"MATPOWER Development","uuid":"22669039","kind":"organization","description":"","email":null,"website":null,"location":null,"twitter":null,"company":null,"icon_url":"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22669039?v=4","repositories_count":25,"last_synced_at":"2023-08-15T21:14:34.082Z","metadata":{"has_sponsors_listing":false},"html_url":"https://github.com/MATPOWER","funding_links":[],"total_stars":null,"followers":null,"following":null,"created_at":"2022-11-07T08:19:25.045Z","updated_at":"2023-08-15T21:14:35.197Z","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/MATPOWER","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/MATPOWER/repositories"},"packages":[],"commits":{"id":1253999,"full_name":"MATPOWER/matpower","default_branch":"master","total_commits":2631,"total_committers":23,"total_bot_commits":0,"total_bot_committers":0,"mean_commits":114.3913043478261,"dds":0.043329532497149326,"past_year_total_commits":112,"past_year_total_committers":7,"past_year_total_bot_commits":0,"past_year_total_bot_committers":0,"past_year_mean_commits":16.0,"past_year_dds":0.1339285714285714,"last_synced_at":"2026-04-07T02:08:26.950Z","last_synced_commit":"58a69dbdfa8c6620a83d025aaed73c3a6fbe9a4b","created_at":"2023-03-27T10:49:56.115Z","updated_at":"2026-04-07T02:06:39.300Z","committers":[{"name":"Ray Zimmerman","email":"rz10@cornell.edu","login":"rdzman","count":2517},{"name":"Baljinnyam Sereeter","email":"b.sereeter@tudelft.nl","login":null,"count":39},{"name":"Eran Schweitzer","email":"eranschweitzer@gmail.com","login":"eranschweitzer","count":17},{"name":"Baljaa","email":"baljinnyamss@gmail.com","login":"BaljaaSS","count":9},{"name":"Wilson González Vanegas","email":"wilgonzalez@utp.edu.co","login":"WilsonGV","count":9},{"name":"Shri Abhyankar","email":"abhyshr@mcs.anl.gov","login":null,"count":8},{"name":"Richard Lincoln","email":"r.w.lincoln@gmail.com","login":"rwl","count":6},{"name":"Azuk 443","email":"me@azuk.top","login":"determ1ne","count":4},{"name":"Muhammad Yasirroni","email":"48709672+yasirroni","login":"yasirroni","count":3},{"name":"Christian Cahig","email":"67888758+christian-cahig","login":"christian-cahig","count":3},{"name":"Mirko Todorovski","email":"todorovski.mrk@gmail.com","login":"todorovski-m","count":3},{"name":"Ray Zimmerman","email":"ray.zimmerman@poweranalyticssoftware.com","login":null,"count":2},{"name":"Dr. Paul Moses","email":"pmoses@ou.edu","login":"paulsmoses","count":1},{"name":"GenosseFlosse","email":"59205524+GenosseFlosse","login":"GenosseFlosse","count":1},{"name":"Happy","email":"HappyFacade@ProtonMail.com","login":"HappyFacade","count":1},{"name":"Jahanbani Ardakani","email":"alij@iastate.edu","login":"jahanbani","count":1},{"name":"Mahnoor Fatima","email":"59219220+maxwell04-wq","login":"maxwell04-wq","count":1},{"name":"MoryNajafi","email":"138742364+MoryNajafi","login":"MoryNajafi","count":1},{"name":"Timon Viola","email":"tvi@sbtinstruments.com","login":"timonviola","count":1},{"name":"roruiz","email":"romeroruiz1@llnl.gov","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"U-RFF\\cfunke","email":"cfunke@cfunke-10l.rff.org","login":null,"count":1},{"name":"dmuldrew","email":"dmuldrew@gmail.com","login":"dmuldrew","count":1},{"name":"gabrielmalmer","email":"gabriel.osrik@gmail.com","login":"gabrielmalmer","count":1}],"past_year_committers":[{"name":"Ray Zimmerman","email":"rz10@cornell.edu","login":"rdzman","count":97},{"name":"Wilson González Vanegas","email":"wilgonzalez@utp.edu.co","login":"WilsonGV","count":9},{"name":"Ray Zimmerman","email":"ray.zimmerman@poweranalyticssoftware.com","login":null,"count":2},{"name":"Muhammad Yasirroni","email":"48709672+yasirroni","login":"yasirroni","count":1},{"name":"MoryNajafi","email":"138742364+MoryNajafi","login":"MoryNajafi","count":1},{"name":"Dr. Paul Moses","email":"pmoses@ou.edu","login":"paulsmoses","count":1},{"name":"roruiz","email":"romeroruiz1@llnl.gov","login":null,"count":1}],"commits_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower/commits","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","last_synced_at":"2026-04-09T00:00:23.197Z","repositories_count":6212670,"commits_count":914647918,"contributors_count":35332534,"owners_count":1143345,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","host_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories"}},"issues_stats":{"full_name":"MATPOWER/matpower","html_url":"https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower","last_synced_at":"2026-03-21T18:04:18.014Z","status":"error","issues_count":221,"pull_requests_count":67,"avg_time_to_close_issue":5544662.301587301,"avg_time_to_close_pull_request":6105539.8852459015,"issues_closed_count":189,"pull_requests_closed_count":61,"pull_request_authors_count":25,"issue_authors_count":113,"avg_comments_per_issue":3.067873303167421,"avg_comments_per_pull_request":3.985074626865672,"merged_pull_requests_count":51,"bot_issues_count":0,"bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_issues_count":11,"past_year_pull_requests_count":12,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_issue":932133.0,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_pull_request":1664441.6363636365,"past_year_issues_closed_count":1,"past_year_pull_requests_closed_count":11,"past_year_pull_request_authors_count":3,"past_year_issue_authors_count":7,"past_year_avg_comments_per_issue":1.3636363636363635,"past_year_avg_comments_per_pull_request":0.4166666666666667,"past_year_bot_issues_count":0,"past_year_bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_merged_pull_requests_count":9,"created_at":"2023-05-09T10:41:26.181Z","updated_at":"2026-03-21T18:04:18.014Z","repository_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower","issues_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/MATPOWER%2Fmatpower/issues","issue_labels_count":{"bug":26,"enhancement":14,"question":10,"duplicate":3},"pull_request_labels_count":{"enhancement":7,"bug":1,"question":1},"issue_author_associations_count":{"NONE":186,"MEMBER":20,"CONTRIBUTOR":10,"COLLABORATOR":5},"pull_request_author_associations_count":{"CONTRIBUTOR":28,"MEMBER":20,"NONE":15,"COLLABORATOR":4},"issue_authors":{"yanda1234":24,"rdzman":20,"akhtar3100":13,"thomsonian2023":9,"yasirroni":8,"rwl":5,"AboLregal":5,"ElisNycander":4,"DiegoCanas":3,"lmrklz":3,"shiftlin89":3,"TheKiteRunning":3,"gridxt":3,"ragt2312":2,"PonySubway":2,"allrashdi10":2,"dobakhshari":2,"irfanbabar42":2,"standon41":2,"young-hwanlee":2,"christian-cahig":2,"MrWangRobot":2,"SanPen":2,"ghost":2,"leuchtum":2,"bmitrauncc":2,"Amin0G":2,"spmacdonald":2,"mj00712":2,"eendru":2,"lordleoo":2,"jiaweizh-823":1,"midrantos":1,"mzgubic":1,"akhilesh-barnwal":1,"JHZhou123":1,"djinnome":1,"Jerrywlj":1,"Abijith20":1,"DoctorDro":1,"TobiasRitschel":1,"Paulnkk":1,"determ1ne":1,"VictorOrmeno":1,"SNPerkin":1,"gshimabuko":1,"fva11111":1,"JasonMic97":1,"YHLjun":1,"sergio-dorado":1,"claytonpbarrows":1,"Tiago-Ferreira-Git":1,"timonviola":1,"nhelaly102":1,"frederikgeth":1,"mohdmanaz":1,"mariodra":1,"lzq-zbc":1,"MuriloReolonScuzziato":1,"viktor-ktorvi":1,"cemcclelland":1,"clementwroyer":1,"michaelperl":1,"yadong-zhang":1,"Mars0077":1,"mfirouzin":1,"throssoskourounis":1,"kknez":1,"raheem-cs":1,"bmmddzgj":1,"sanusielect":1,"hygge-coder":1,"SharkpJIM":1,"YasirYaqoob888":1,"AsprinChina":1,"BrunoELOLiveira":1,"rrnaumann":1,"JaneCheung":1,"bacalfa":1,"sdraoasu":1,"8986ca6c":1,"eike-fokken":1,"ajaythakur01":1,"ywlgy":1,"priayad7":1,"Gwzwpxz":1,"maxcted":1,"ayubdawar":1,"dirge1":1,"Vurgit":1,"WilsonGV":1,"kousu":1,"temcdrm":1,"richardkue":1,"Xiwe":1,"Azmat1995":1,"monisharaju":1,"asi1269":1,"Cihagnir":1,"NoIdeaOfName66":1,"devsrivas":1,"15151874182":1,"DiogoFreitas60":1,"t1393988511":1,"downbydawn":1,"zhiyuliao":1,"metab0t":1,"viswanath1494":1,"Segama":1,"aliamin12":1,"fanbigg":1,"acampbel":1,"ssuffian":1},"pull_request_authors":{"rdzman":17,"WilsonGV":7,"Irabiel":4,"yasirroni":4,"rwl":4,"dmuldrew":3,"christian-cahig":3,"jahanbani":2,"todorovski-m":2,"paulsmoses":2,"BaljaaSS":2,"MoryNajafi":2,"maxwell04-wq":2,"abhyshr":2,"eranschweitzer":1,"csfunke":1,"FrozenHound":1,"PowerAntonio":1,"GorazdB":1,"HappyFacade":1,"GenosseFlosse":1,"tangdou1":1,"gabrielmalmer":1,"determ1ne":1,"timonviola":1},"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","last_synced_at":"2026-03-27T00:00:09.101Z","repositories_count":13948711,"issues_count":34632817,"pull_requests_count":113273202,"authors_count":11210944,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","host_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","owners_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners","authors_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors"},"past_year_issue_labels_count":{"bug":1},"past_year_pull_request_labels_count":{},"past_year_issue_author_associations_count":{"NONE":7,"CONTRIBUTOR":2,"MEMBER":2},"past_year_pull_request_author_associations_count":{"CONTRIBUTOR":4,"MEMBER":4,"NONE":4},"past_year_issue_authors":{"lmrklz":3,"rdzman":2,"yasirroni":2,"jiaweizh-823":1,"kousu":1,"PonySubway":1,"SharkpJIM":1},"past_year_pull_request_authors":{"WilsonGV":7,"Irabiel":4,"rdzman":1},"maintainers":[{"login":"rdzman","count":37,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/rdzman"},{"login":"rwl","count":9,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/rwl"},{"login":"WilsonGV","count":3,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/WilsonGV"}],"active_maintainers":[{"login":"rdzman","count":3,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/rdzman"},{"login":"WilsonGV","count":3,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/WilsonGV"}]},"events":{"total":{"CreateEvent":4,"CommitCommentEvent":1,"ReleaseEvent":1,"DeleteEvent":3,"PullRequestEvent":18,"ForkEvent":15,"IssuesEvent":35,"WatchEvent":75,"IssueCommentEvent":54,"PushEvent":74},"last_year":{"CreateEvent":2,"CommitCommentEvent":1,"ReleaseEvent":1,"DeleteEvent":3,"PullRequestEvent":14,"ForkEvent":10,"IssuesEvent":16,"WatchEvent":42,"IssueCommentEvent":22,"PushEvent":59}},"keywords":["matpower","matpower-github"],"dependencies":[{"ecosystem":"actions","filepath":".github/workflows/continuous-integration.yml","sha":null,"kind":"manifest","created_at":"2023-02-18T00:15:59.317Z","updated_at":"2023-02-18T00:15:59.317Z","repository_link":"https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower/blob/master/.github/workflows/continuous-integration.yml","dependencies":[{"id":7749655783,"package_name":"actions/checkout","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v3","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655784,"package_name":"actions/cache","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v3","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655785,"package_name":"MATPOWER/action-build-ipopt-macos","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655786,"package_name":"MATPOWER/action-install-octave-linux","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655787,"package_name":"MATPOWER/action-install-octave-macos","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655788,"package_name":"matlab-actions/setup-matlab","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655789,"package_name":"MATPOWER/action-configure-matlab","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655790,"package_name":"MATPOWER/action-install-ipopt-octave","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false},{"id":7749655791,"package_name":"MATPOWER/action-install-osqp-octave","ecosystem":"actions","requirements":"v1","direct":true,"kind":"composite","optional":false}]},{"ecosystem":"docker","filepath":"docker/Dockerfile","sha":null,"kind":"manifest","created_at":"2023-02-18T00:16:01.989Z","updated_at":"2023-02-18T00:16:01.989Z","repository_link":"https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower/blob/master/docker/Dockerfile","dependencies":[{"id":7749659553,"package_name":"${BASE_IMAGE}","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"${BASE_TAG}","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false},{"id":7749659621,"package_name":"base","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"latest","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false},{"id":7749659622,"package_name":"matpower_${MP_SRC}","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"latest","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false},{"id":7749659623,"package_name":"matpower","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"latest","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false},{"id":7749659624,"package_name":"warn_${WARN}","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"latest","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false},{"id":7749659625,"package_name":"warn","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"latest","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false},{"id":7749659626,"package_name":"patch_${PATCH_MOST_TEST}","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"latest","direct":true,"kind":"build","optional":false}]},{"ecosystem":"docker","filepath":"docker/docker-compose.test.yml","sha":null,"kind":"manifest","created_at":"2023-02-18T00:16:02.747Z","updated_at":"2023-02-18T00:16:02.747Z","repository_link":"https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower/blob/master/docker/docker-compose.test.yml","dependencies":[{"id":7749660692,"package_name":"matpower/matpower","ecosystem":"docker","requirements":"${CACHE_TAG}","direct":true,"kind":"runtime","optional":false}]}],"score":9.46699606582284,"created_at":"2023-09-11T14:52:08.305Z","updated_at":"2026-04-20T08:30:56.436Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/MATPOWER.png","language":"MATLAB","category":"Energy Systems","sub_category":"Energy System Modeling Frameworks","monthly_downloads":0,"total_dependent_repos":0,"total_dependent_packages":0,"readme":"![MATPOWER][logo]\n\nA Power System Simulation Package for MATLAB and Octave\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\n- **MATPOWER Website**          - https://matpower.org\n- **MATPOWER GitHub Project**   - https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower\n\nMATPOWER is a package of M-files for solving power flow, continuation\npower flow and optimal power flow problems using MATLAB or Octave. It\nis intended as a simulation tool for researchers and educators that is\neasy to use and modify. MATPOWER is designed to give the best\nperformance possible while keeping the code simple to understand and\nmodify.\n\nMATPOWER releases can be downloaded from the [MATPOWER website][1],\nand the latest stable and work-in-progress versions can always be\ndownloaded or cloned from the [MATPOWER GitHub project][2]. The\n`master` branch should always contain a stable version.\n\n\nSystem Requirements\n-------------------\n\nFor all features, including those based on the new MP-Core:\n*   [MATLAB][3] version 9.0 (R2016a) or later, or\n*   [GNU Octave][4] version 6.2 or later\n\nLegacy features only (from 7.1 and earlier) are also available on:\n*   [MATLAB][3] version 7.9 (R2009b) or later, or\n*   [GNU Octave][4] version 4 or later\n\n\nGetting MATPOWER\n----------------\n\nYou can either download an official *versioned release* or you can obtain\nthe *current development version*, which\nwe also attempt to keep stable enough for everyday use. The development\nversion includes new features and bug fixes added since the last\nversioned release.\n\n#### Versioned Releases\n\nDownload the ZIP file of the latest official versioned release from the\n[MATPOWER website][1].\n**Note:** This _does_ include the [MATPOWER Extras][7d].\n\n#### Current Development Version\n\nThere are also three options for obtaining the most recent development version\nof MATPOWER from the `master` branch on GitHub.\n**Note:** This does _not_ include the [MATPOWER Extras][7d].\n\n1. Clone the [MATPOWER repository from GitHub][2].\n   *Use this option if you want to be able to easily update to the current\n   development release, with the latest bug fixes and new features, using a\n   simple `git pull` command, or if you want to help with testing or\n   or development. This requires that you have a [Git client][5] (GUI\n   or command-line) installed.*\n    - From the command line:\n        - `git clone https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower.git`\n    - Or, from the [MATPOWER GitHub repository page][2]:\n        - Click the green **Clone or download** button, then **Open in Desktop**.\n\n2. Download a ZIP file of the MATPOWER repository from GitHub.\n   *Use this option if you need features or fixes introduced since\n   the latest versioned release, but you do not have access to or\n   are not ready to begin using Git (but don't be afraid to\n   [give Git a try][6]).*\n    - Go to the [MATPOWER GitHub repository page][2].\n    - Click the green **Clone or download** button, then **Download ZIP**.\n\n3. [![Open in MATLAB Online](https://www.mathworks.com/images/responsive/global/open-in-matlab-online.svg)][6b]\n\nSee [CONTRIBUTING.md][7] for information on how to get a local copy\nof your own MATPOWER fork, if you are interesting in contributing\nyour own code or modifications.\n\n#### MATPOWER Docker Image\n\nMATPOWER is also available on [Docker Hub][7a] as the pre-packaged\n[Docker][7b] image tagged [matpower/matpower][7c], providing a Linux\nenvironment with Octave, MATPOWER, and the [MATPOWER Extras][7d]\npre-installed. See the [MATPOWER-Docker page][7e] for more details.\n\nDocker images are provided for both versioned releases and\ndevelopment versions.\n\n\nInstallation\n------------\n\nInstallation and use of MATPOWER requires familiarity with the basic\noperation of MATLAB or Octave. Make sure you follow the installation\ninstructions for the version of MATPOWER you are installing. The process\nwas simplified with an install script following version 6.0.\n\n1.  **Get a copy of MATPOWER** as described above. Clone the repository\n    or download and extract the ZIP file of the MATPOWER distribution\n    and place the resulting directory in the location of your choice\n    and call it anything you like. We will use `\u003cMATPOWER\u003e` as a\n    placeholder to denote the path to this directory (the one\n    containing `install_matpower.m`). The files in `\u003cMATPOWER\u003e` should\n    not need to be modified, so it is recommended that they be kept\n    separate from your own code.\n\n2.  **Run the installer.** *(skip this step for [![Open in MATLAB Online](https://www.mathworks.com/images/responsive/global/open-in-matlab-online.svg)][6b])*\n    - Open MATLAB or Octave and change to the `\u003cMATPOWER\u003e` directory.\n    - Run the installer and follow the directions to add the\n      required directories to your MATLAB or Octave path, by typing:\n\n            install_matpower\n\n3.  **That's it.** There is no step 3.\n    - But, if you chose not to have the installer run the test suite for\n      you in step 2, you can run it now to verify that MATPOWER is\n      installed and functioning properly, by typing:\n\n            test_matpower\n\n\nRunning MATPOWER\n----------------\nTo run a simple Newton power flow on the 9-bus system specified in\nthe file `case9.m`, with the default algorithm options, at the\nMATLAB or Octave prompt, type:\n\n```matlab\nrunpf('case9')\n```\n\nTo load the 30-bus system data from `case30.m`, increase its real power\ndemand at bus 2 to 30 MW, then run an AC optimal power flow with\ndefault options, type:\n\n```matlab\ndefine_constants;\nmpc = loadcase('case30');\nmpc.bus(2, PD) = 30;\nrunopf(mpc);\n```\n\nBy default, the results of the simulation are pretty-printed to the\nscreen, but the solution can also be optionally returned in a `results`\nstruct. The following example shows how simple it is, after running a DC\nOPF on the 118-bus system in `case118.m`, to access the final objective\nfunction value, the real power output of generator 6 and the power flow\nin branch 51.\n\n```matlab\nresults = rundcopf('case118');\nfinal_objective = results.f;\ngen6_output     = results.gen(6, PG);\nbranch51_flow   = results.branch(51, PF);\n```\n\nFor additional info, see the [MATPOWER User's Manual][8], the [MATPOWER\nReference Manual][9], or the built-in help documentation for the various\nMATPOWER functions. For example:\n\n    help runpf\n    help runopf\n    help mpoption\n    help caseformat\n\n\nDocumentation\n-------------\n\nThere are a number of sources of documentation for MATPOWER\n\n#### User's Manuals\n\nThe User's Manuals are available as PDF files in the MATPOWER distribution\nas well as online.\n  - [MATPOWER User's Manual][8] -- `docs/MATPOWER-manual.pdf`\n  - [MOST User's Manual][10] -- `most/docs/MOST-manual.pdf`\n  - [MP-Opt-User's Manual][10a] -- `mp-opt-model/docs/MP-Opt-Model-manual.pdf`\n  - [MIPS Manual][10b] -- `mips/docs/MIPS-manual.pdf`\n  - [MP-Test README][10c] -- `mptest/README.md`\n\nCurrent and past versions of the manuals are also available online at:\n  - [https://matpower.org/doc/manuals][10d]\n\n#### MATPOWER Documentation website\n\nThe new [MATPOWER Documentation site][10e] is the home for all MATPOWER\ndocumentation going forward. Besides the legacy User’s Manuals listed above,\nit also contains HTML documention, namely:\n\n  - [MATPOWER Developer's Manual][10f] _(also available as PDF)_\n  - [MATPOWER Reference Manual][9] _(also available as PDF)_\n  - manuals and reference documentation for [MP-Test][10g], [MIPS][10h],\n    [MP-Opt-Model][10i], and [MOST][10j]\n  - [How-To Guides][10k]\n\nAs new documentation is written and legacy manuals are rewritten, they\nwill be found here in HTML and PDF formats. The site is generated by\n[Sphinx][10l] and the content is written in reStructuredText (reST) format.\n\n#### Built-in Help\n\nEach M-file has its own documentation which can be accessed by typing at\nthe MATLAB/Octave prompt:\n\n    help \u003cname of M-file\u003e\n\nDocumentation for the case data file format can be found by typing:\n\n    help caseformat\n\nIf something is still unclear after checking the manual and the help,\nthe source code *is* the documentation. :wink:\n\n#### Changes\n\nChanges to MATPOWER in each released version are summarized in the\n[release notes](docs/relnotes), found in `docs/relnotes` and in\nAppendix H of the [MATPOWER User's Manual][8]. A complete, detailed\nchange log, even for unreleased versions, is available in the\n[`CHANGES.md`][11] file.\n\nCheck out the following three live scripts to explore features introduced\nin MATPOWER 8.1.\n- [![Open in MATLAB Online](https://www.mathworks.com/images/responsive/global/open-in-matlab-online.svg)](https://matlab.mathworks.com/open/github/v1?repo=MATPOWER/matpower\u0026project=matpower.prj\u0026file=examples/convert_1p_to_3p_ex1.mlx) `convert_1p_to_3p_ex1.mlx` (in `examples`) illustrates the use of the new single-phase to three-phase conversion capabilities.\n- [![Open in MATLAB Online](https://www.mathworks.com/images/responsive/global/open-in-matlab-online.svg)](https://matlab.mathworks.com/open/github/v1?repo=MATPOWER/matpower\u0026project=matpower.prj\u0026file=mp-opt-model/examples/milp_example1.mlx) `milp_example1.mlx` (in `mp-opt-model/examples`) illustrates the use of MP-Opt-Model and the new `mp.opt_model` class to build and solve an optimization (MILP) model.\n- [![Open in MATLAB Online](https://www.mathworks.com/images/responsive/global/open-in-matlab-online.svg)](https://matlab.mathworks.com/open/github/v1?repo=MATPOWER/matpower\u0026project=matpower.prj\u0026file=mp-opt-model/examples/qcqp_example1.mlx) `qcqp_example1.mlx` (in `mp-opt-model/examples`) illustrates the new quadratic constraint features and two methods of building and solving a quadratically-constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) model.\n\nContributing\n------------\n\nPlease see our [contributing guidelines][7] for details on how to\ncontribute to the project or report issues.\n\n\nSponsoring the MATPOWER Project\n-------------------------------\n\nIf you have found MATPOWER to be valuable, please consider supporting\nthe project by [becoming a sponsor](https://matpower.org/sponsor).\nMATPOWER development and support require significant resources. Any\ncontributions from the community or other sponsors free us to focus on\nthat support and the development of valuable new features.\n\n\nPublications and Tech Notes\n---------------------------\n\n1.  R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez, and R. J. Thomas,\n    [\"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning and Analysis Tools\n    for Power Systems Research and Education,\"][12] *Power Systems, IEEE\n    Transactions on*, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 12–19, Feb. 2011.  \n    doi: [10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168][13].\n\n2.  R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez, and R. J. Thomas,\n    [\"MATPOWER's Extensible Optimal Power Flow Architecture,\"][14]\n    *Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2009 IEEE*, pp. 1-7,\n    July 26-30 2009.  \n    doi: [10.1109/PES.2009.5275967][15].\n     - [slides of presentation][16]\n\n3.  H. Wang, C. E. Murillo-Sánchez, R. D. Zimmerman, R. J. Thomas,\n    [\"On Computational Issues of Market-Based Optimal Power Flow,\"][17]\n    *Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on*, vol. 22, no. 3,\n    pp. 1185-1193, Aug. 2007.  \n    doi: [10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901301][17].\n\n4.  C. E. Murillo-Sanchez, R. D. Zimmerman, C. L. Anderson, and\n    R. J. Thomas, [\"Secure Planning and Operations of Systems with\n    Stochastic Sources, Energy Storage and Active Demand,\"][18]\n    *Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on*, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2220–2229,\n    Dec. 2013.  \n    doi: [10.1109/TSG.2013.2281001][18].\n\n5.  A. J. Lamadrid, D. Munoz-Alvarez, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez,\n    R. D. Zimmerman, H. D. Shin and R. J. Thomas, [\"Using the MATPOWER\n    Optimal Scheduling Tool to Test Power System Operation Methodologies\n    Under Uncertainty,\"][19] *Sustainable Energy, IEEE Transactions on*,\n    vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1280-1289, July 2019.\n    doi: [10.1109/TSTE.2018.2865454][19].\n\n6.  R. D. Zimmerman, [\"Uniform Price Auctions and Optimal\n    Power Flow,\"][20] *MATPOWER Technical Note 1*, February 2010.  \n    Available: https://matpower.org/docs/TN1-OPF-Auctions.pdf  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.3237850](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237850).\n\n7.  R. D. Zimmerman, [\"AC Power Flows, Generalized OPF Costs\n    and their Derivatives using Complex Matrix Notation,\"][21]\n    *MATPOWER Technical Note 2*, February 2010.  \n    Available:\n    https://matpower.org/docs/TN2-OPF-Derivatives.pdf  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.3237866](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237866).\n\n8.  B. Sereeter and R. D. Zimmerman, [\"Addendum to AC Power Flows and\n    their Derivatives using Complex Matrix Notation: Nodal Current\n    Balance,\"][22] *MATPOWER Technical Note 3*, April 2018.  \n    Available: https://matpower.org/docs/TN3-More-OPF-Derivatives.pdf  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.3237900](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237900).\n\n9.  B. Sereeter and R. D. Zimmerman, [\"AC Power Flows, Generalized\n    OPF Costs and their Derivatives using Complex Matrix Notation\n    and Cartesian Coordinate Voltages,\"][23] *MATPOWER Technical\n    Note 4*, April 2018.  \n    Available:\n    https://matpower.org/docs/TN4-OPF-Derivatives-Cartesian.pdf  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.3237909](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237909).\n\n\n[Citing MATPOWER][31]\n---------------------\n\nWe request that publications derived from the use of MATPOWER, or the\nincluded data files, explicitly acknowledge that fact by citing the\nappropriate paper(s) and the software itself.\n\n#### Papers\n\nAll publications derived from the use of MATPOWER, or the included data\nfiles, should cite the 2011 MATPOWER paper:\n\n\u003e   R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez, and R. J. Thomas, \"MATPOWER:\n    Steady-State Operations, Planning and Analysis Tools for Power Systems\n    Research and Education,\" *Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on*, vol. 26,\n    no. 1, pp. 12-19, Feb. 2011.  \n    doi: [10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168][13]\n\nPublications derived from the use of the [MATPOWER Optimal Scheduling\nTool (MOST)][24] should cite the 2013 MOST paper, in addition to the\n2011 MATPOWER paper above.\n\n\u003e   C. E. Murillo-Sanchez, R. D. Zimmerman, C. L. Anderson, and R. J. Thomas,\n    \"Secure Planning and Operations of Systems with Stochastic Sources,\n    Energy Storage and Active Demand,\" *Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on*,\n    vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2220-2229, Dec. 2013.  \n    doi: [10.1109/TSG.2013.2281001][18]\n\nWork making specific reference to the [MATPOWER Interior Point Solver\n(MIPS)][32] should also cite:\n\n\u003e   H. Wang, C. E. Murillo-Sánchez, R. D. Zimmerman, R. J. Thomas, \"On\n    Computational Issues of Market-Based Optimal Power Flow,\" *Power Systems,\n    IEEE Transactions on*, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1185-1193, Aug. 2007.  \n    doi: [10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901301][17]\n\nNOTE: Some of the case files included with MATPOWER request the citation\nof additional publications. This includes the ACTIVSg, PEGASE, and RTE\ncases. Details are available in the help text at the top of the\ncorresponding case files.\n\n#### Software\n\nFor the sake of reproducibility of research results, it is best to cite\nthe specific version of the software used, with the version-specfic DOI.\nFor example, for version 8.1 of MATPOWER, use:\n\n\u003e   R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez (2025). *MATPOWER (Version 8.1)*\n    [Software]. Available: https://matpower.org  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.15871662](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15871662)\n\nTo cite the MATPOWER software generally, without reference to a specific\nversion, use the following citation and DOI, with *\\\u003cYEAR\\\u003e* replaced by the\nyear of the most recent release:\n\n\u003e   R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez (*\\\u003cYEAR\\\u003e*). *MATPOWER*\n    [Software]. Available: https://matpower.org  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.3236535][33]\n\nA list of versions with release dates and version-specific DOI's can be\nfound via the general DOI at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236535.\n\n#### User's Manuals\n\nThe MATPOWER, MIPS and MOST User's Manuals should also be cited\nexplicitly in work that refers to or is derived from their content. As\nwith the software, the citation and DOI can be version-specific or\ngeneral, as appropriate. For version 8.1 of the [MATPOWER User's Manual][8],\nuse:\n\n\u003e   R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez. *MATPOWER User's Manual,\n    Version 8.1.* 2025.  \n    [Online]. Available: https://matpower.org/docs/MATPOWER-manual-8.1.pdf  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.15871661](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15871661)\n\nFor a version non-specific citation, use the following citation and DOI,\nwith *\\\u003cYEAR\\\u003e* replaced by the year of the most recent release:\n\n\u003e   R. D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sanchez. *MATPOWER User's Manual.* *\\\u003cYEAR\\\u003e*.  \n    [Online]. Available: https://matpower.org/docs/MATPOWER-manual.pdf  \n    doi: [10.5281/zenodo.3236519][34]\n\nA list of versions of the User's Manual with release dates and\nversion-specific DOI's can be found via the general DOI at\nhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236519.\n\nFor information on citing the MIPS or MOST User's Manuals, please see\nthe [`mips/CITATION`][35] and [`most/CITATION`][36] files, respectively.\n\n#### Recommendation\n\nIn the interest of facilitating research reproducibility and thereby\nincreasing the value of your MATPOWER-related research publications, we\nstrongly encourage you to also publish, whenever possible, all of the\ncode and data required to generate the results you are publishing.\n[Zenodo/GitHub][37] and [IEEE DataPort][38] are two of [many available\noptions][39].\n\n\nE-mail Lists\n------------\n\nThere are two e-mail lists available to serve the MATPOWER community:\n\n- [**Discussion List**][26] ([MATPOWER-L][26]) – to facilitate discussion\n  among MATPOWER users and provide a forum for help with MATPOWER\n  related questions\n\n- [**Developer List**][27] ([MATPOWER-DEV-L][27]) – to provide a forum\n  for discussion among MATPOWER users and developers related to the\n  development of the MATPOWER software or proposed contributions\n\nFor details see the [Mailing Lists section][28] of the\n[MATPOWER website][1].\n\nPlease select the most appropriate list for your post and do *not*\ncross-post to both Discussion and Developer lists. Bug reports,\nsoftware patches, proposed enhancements, etc. should be submitted to\nthe [issue tracker on GitHub][29].\n\n\nOptional Packages\n-----------------\n\nThere are numerous optional packages to enhance the performance of\nMATPOWER that must be installed separately. The terms of use and\nlicense agreements vary. Some are free of charge for all to use,\nothers are only free for academic use, and others may require a\ncommercial license. Please see Appendix G of the [MATPOWER User's\nManual][8] for details.\n\n\nLicense and Terms of Use\n------------------------\n\nMATPOWER is distributed as open-source under the [3-clause BSD license][30].\n\n---\n\n[1]: https://matpower.org\n[2]: https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower\n[3]: https://www.mathworks.com/\n[4]: https://octave.org\n[5]: https://git-scm.com/downloads\n[6]: https://git-scm.com\n[6b]: https://matlab.mathworks.com/open/github/v1?repo=MATPOWER/matpower\u0026project=matpower.prj\n[7]: CONTRIBUTING.md\n[7a]: https://hub.docker.com/\n[7b]: https://www.docker.com\n[7c]: https://hub.docker.com/r/matpower/matpower\n[7d]: https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower-extras\n[7e]: docker/MATPOWER-Docker.md\n[8]: docs/MATPOWER-manual.pdf\n[9]: https://matpower.org/doc/ref-manual/\n[10]: most/docs/MOST-manual.pdf\n[10a]: mp-opt-model/docs/MP-Opt-Model-manual.pdf\n[10b]: mips/docs/MIPS-manual.pdf\n[10c]: mptest/README.md\n[10d]: https://matpower.org/doc/manuals\n[10e]: https://matpower.org/doc/\n[10f]: https://matpower.org/doc/dev-manual/\n[10g]: https://matpower.org/doc/mptest/\n[10h]: https://matpower.org/doc/mips/\n[10i]: https://matpower.org/doc/mpom/\n[10j]: https://matpower.org/doc/most/\n[10k]: https://matpower.org/doc/index.html#how-to-guides\n[10l]: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/\n[11]: CHANGES.md\n[12]: https://matpower.org/docs/MATPOWER-paper.pdf\n[13]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168\n[14]: https://matpower.org/docs/MATPOWER-OPF.pdf\n[15]: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275967\n[16]: https://matpower.org/docs/MATPOWER-OPF-slides.pdf\n[17]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901301\n[18]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2281001\n[19]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2865454\n[20]: https://matpower.org/docs/TN1-OPF-Auctions.pdf\n[21]: https://matpower.org/docs/TN2-OPF-Derivatives.pdf\n[22]: https://matpower.org/docs/TN3-More-OPF-Derivatives.pdf\n[23]: https://matpower.org/docs/TN4-OPF-Derivatives-Cartesian.pdf\n[24]: https://github.com/MATPOWER/most\n[26]: https://matpower.org/mailing-lists/#discusslist\n[27]: https://matpower.org/mailing-lists/#devlist\n[28]: https://matpower.org/mailing-lists\n[29]: https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower/issues\n[30]: LICENSE\n[31]: CITATION\n[32]: https://github.com/MATPOWER/mips\n[33]: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236535\n[34]: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236519\n[35]: mips/CITATION\n[36]: most/CITATION\n[37]: https://guides.github.com/activities/citable-code/\n[38]: https://ieee-dataport.org\n[39]: https://www.re3data.org\n\n[logo]: docs/src/images/MATPOWER-md.png\n","funding_links":[],"readme_doi_urls":["https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237850","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237866","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237900","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237909","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15871662","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236535","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15871661","https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236519","https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168","https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275967","https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901301","https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2281001","https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2865454"],"works":{"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237850":null,"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237866":null,"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237900":null,"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3237909":null,"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4074135":null,"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236535":null,"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4074122":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024639915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4074122","title":"MATPOWER User's Manual","display_name":"MATPOWER User's Manual","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024639915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4074122","mag":"3024639915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4074122","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068461180","display_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004747334","display_name":"C. Murillo-Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8549"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Murillo-Sánchez","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]}],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"manual","score":0.4225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5354272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34663892}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4074122","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.2},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.14},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.12},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.12}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482578125","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1773936602","https://openalex.org/W1969069918","https://openalex.org/W2133726159","https://openalex.org/W2803654869"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W3024639915/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3024639915","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-09T23:55:05.330356","created_date":"2020-05-21"},"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236519":null,"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106424475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2051168","title":"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education","display_name":"MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106424475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2051168","mag":"2106424475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2051168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201921491","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","issn_l":"0885-8950","issn":["0885-8950","1558-0679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/MATPOWER-paper.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068461180","display_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87424562","display_name":"Ithaca College","ror":"https://ror.org/01kw1gj07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87424562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R D Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Economics and Management and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Applied Economics and Management, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Economics and Management and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Department of Applied Economics and Management, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004747334","display_name":"C. Murillo-Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093237","display_name":"Universidad Autonoma de Manizales","ror":"https://ror.org/00jfare13","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093237"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C E Murillo-Sánchez","raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia","Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597118","display_name":"Robert J. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87424562","display_name":"Ithaca College","ror":"https://ror.org/01kw1gj07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87424562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R J Thomas","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Economics and Management and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Applied Economics and Management, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Economics and Management and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Department of Applied Economics and Management, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ithaca, NY, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":5266,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"matpower systems research","score":0.6544},{"keyword":"planning","score":0.2509},{"keyword":"steady-state","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.71242464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5531703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.54442275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.49701503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.48304945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4545346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4484331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3949685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36484563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3557701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.117664486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.105757505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09796381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.089817196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2051168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201921491","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","issn_l":"0885-8950","issn":["0885-8950","1558-0679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.378.1509","pdf_url":"http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/MATPOWER-paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.378.1509","pdf_url":"http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/MATPOWER-paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.31},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.22},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.11}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607426498","https://openalex.org/W1982204033","https://openalex.org/W1999562671","https://openalex.org/W2048738772","https://openalex.org/W2071569138","https://openalex.org/W2105906451","https://openalex.org/W2108720760","https://openalex.org/W2133726159","https://openalex.org/W2764452474","https://openalex.org/W4241947793","https://openalex.org/W4376595632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244765761","https://openalex.org/W2386042020","https://openalex.org/W1948607442","https://openalex.org/W4247766898","https://openalex.org/W2044615423","https://openalex.org/W2361584951","https://openalex.org/W3006682059","https://openalex.org/W3004004161","https://openalex.org/W31122515","https://openalex.org/W2365327041"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2106424475/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"MATPOWER":[0],"is":[1,33,75],"an":[2],"open-source":[3],"Matlab-based":[4],"power":[5,15,18],"system":[6],"simulation":[7],"package":[8],"that":[9],"provides":[10],"a":[11,107],"high-level":[12],"set":[13],"of":[14,58,109,115],"flow,":[16],"optimal":[17],"flow":[19],"(OPF),":[20],"and":[21,28,46,62,97,120,128],"other":[22],"tools":[23],"targeted":[24],"toward":[25],"researchers,":[26],"educators,":[27],"students.":[29],"The":[30],"OPF":[31,51,71,85,118,130],"architecture":[32],"designed":[34],"to":[35,41,48,78,82,124],"be":[36],"extensible,":[37],"making":[38],"it":[39],"easy":[40],"add":[42],"user-defined":[43],"variables,":[44],"costs,":[45],"constraints":[47],"the":[49,56,59,83,113],"standard":[50,84],"problem.":[52],"This":[53,73],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"details":[57],"network":[60],"modeling":[61],"problem":[63],"formulations":[64],"used":[65,76],"by":[66],"MATPOWER,":[67],"including":[68,87],"its":[69],"extensible":[70],"architecture.":[72],"structure":[74],"internally":[77],"implement":[79],"several":[80,116],"extensions":[81],"problem,":[86],"piece-wise":[88],"linear":[89],"cost":[90],"functions,":[91],"dispatchable":[92],"loads,":[93],"generator":[94],"capability":[95],"curves,":[96],"branch":[98],"angle":[99],"difference":[100],"limits.":[101],"Simulation":[102],"results":[103],"are":[104],"presented":[105],"for":[106],"number":[108],"test":[110],"cases":[111],"comparing":[112],"performance":[114],"available":[117],"solvers":[119],"demonstrating":[121],"MATPOWER's":[122],"ability":[123],"solve":[125],"large-scale":[126],"AC":[127],"DC":[129],"problems.":[131]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106424475","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":430},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":475},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":560},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":629},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":614},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":599},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":499},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":446},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":329},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":274},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":201},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":106}],"updated_date":"2023-12-19T00:52:13.730135","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275967":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108720760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275967","title":"MATPOWER's extensible optimal power flow architecture","display_name":"MATPOWER's extensible optimal power flow architecture","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108720760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275967","mag":"2108720760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/MATPOWER-OPF.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068461180","display_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA."]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004747334","display_name":"C. Murillo-Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597118","display_name":"Robert J. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093237","display_name":"Universidad Autonoma de Manizales","ror":"https://ror.org/00jfare13","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093237"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Thomas","raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":193,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"matpower","score":0.3625},{"keyword":"flow","score":0.2783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8108554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.69120127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.56908876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.51922065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.5154863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5065268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.41331506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40012246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3893724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.38130036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3767259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32761452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18903789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.378.6189","pdf_url":"http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/MATPOWER-OPF.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.378.6189","pdf_url":"http://www.pserc.cornell.edu/matpower/MATPOWER-OPF.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400349","display_name":"CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","host_organization_name":"Pennsylvania State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pennsylvania State University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.39},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.25},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.1}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607426498","https://openalex.org/W1986109627","https://openalex.org/W2048738772","https://openalex.org/W2085030433","https://openalex.org/W2133726159","https://openalex.org/W2143220679","https://openalex.org/W2764452474","https://openalex.org/W4376595632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376912342","https://openalex.org/W2316565485","https://openalex.org/W3138537889","https://openalex.org/W2359442802","https://openalex.org/W3196115447","https://openalex.org/W2359057422","https://openalex.org/W2113316463","https://openalex.org/W2043750920","https://openalex.org/W2043661397","https://openalex.org/W2345135704"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2108720760/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,26,37,44,58,61,65,78,87,91,131,143],"optimal":[4],"power":[5,15],"flow":[6],"(OPF)":[7],"architecture":[8,23],"implemented":[9],"in":[10],"MATPOWER,":[11],"an":[12,21,107],"open-source":[13],"Matlab":[14],"system":[16],"simulation":[17],"package.":[18],"It":[19],"utilizes":[20],"extensible":[22,147],"that":[24],"allows":[25],"user":[27],"to":[28,36,47,56,103,106,112,119,130,141],"easily":[29],"add":[30,104],"new":[31],"variables,":[32,70,94],"constraints":[33,71,95,116],"and":[34,72,74,96],"costs":[35,118],"standard":[38],"OPF":[39,148],"problem":[40,62],"formulation":[41],"while":[42],"preserving":[43],"structure":[45],"needed":[46],"use":[48],"pre-compiled":[49],"solvers.":[50],"A":[51],"software":[52,84],"object":[53],"is":[54,139],"used":[55,140],"encapsulate":[57],"definition":[59],"of":[60,69,77,89,124,128,145],"formulation,":[63],"manage":[64],"corresponding":[66],"named":[67],"sets":[68],"costs,":[73,97],"handle":[75],"all":[76],"tedious":[79],"index":[80],"maintenance":[81],"tasks.":[82],"The":[83,122],"design":[85],"has":[86],"advantage":[88],"minimizing":[90],"coupling":[92],"between":[93],"making":[98],"it":[99],"possible,":[100],"for":[101],"example,":[102],"variables":[105],"existing":[108,115],"model":[109],"without":[110],"having":[111],"explicitly":[113],"modify":[114],"or":[117],"accommodate":[120],"them.":[121],"example":[123],"adding":[125],"joint":[126],"co-optimization":[127],"reserves":[129],"OPF,":[132],"based":[133],"on":[134],"fixed":[135],"zonal":[136],"reserve":[137],"requirements,":[138],"illustrate":[142],"capabilities":[144],"MATPOWER's":[146],"architecture.":[149]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2108720760","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2023-12-18T05:41:06.549178","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901301":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133726159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2007.901301","title":"On Computational Issues of Market-Based Optimal Power Flow","display_name":"On Computational Issues of Market-Based Optimal Power Flow","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133726159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2007.901301","mag":"2133726159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2007.901301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201921491","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","issn_l":"0885-8950","issn":["0885-8950","1558-0679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032831459","display_name":"Hongye Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongye Wang","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca."]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004747334","display_name":"C. Murillo-Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093237","display_name":"Universidad Autonoma de Manizales","ror":"https://ror.org/00jfare13","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093237"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.E. Murillo-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_string":"[Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia]","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia]"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068461180","display_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.D. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca."]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597118","display_name":"Robert J. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Thomas","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca."]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":296,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"1185","last_page":"1193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"optimal power flow","score":0.8378},{"keyword":"computational issues","score":0.2778},{"keyword":"market-based","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.8071994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6371333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6219823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.6219231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6057175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.59427744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.57650167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.54727715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.51857686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.51368827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.44302148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902410","display_name":"Deregulation","level":2,"score":0.4280375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.32220185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28840077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24042872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1659852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14019778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12123653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1015034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2007.901301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201921491","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems","issn_l":"0885-8950","issn":["0885-8950","1558-0679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.13}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976826271","https://openalex.org/W1986947514","https://openalex.org/W1987243715","https://openalex.org/W2005660297","https://openalex.org/W2029780375","https://openalex.org/W2053401848","https://openalex.org/W2071467620","https://openalex.org/W2072642243","https://openalex.org/W2075184363","https://openalex.org/W2099219310","https://openalex.org/W2106652091","https://openalex.org/W2107632563","https://openalex.org/W2180665313","https://openalex.org/W3003775594","https://openalex.org/W4234075491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545208922","https://openalex.org/W74208421","https://openalex.org/W260768072","https://openalex.org/W2212854744","https://openalex.org/W3123845893","https://openalex.org/W4243975536","https://openalex.org/W2500075767","https://openalex.org/W128394744","https://openalex.org/W2367582522","https://openalex.org/W1490791364"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2133726159/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,139],"deregulated":[1],"electricity":[2],"market":[3],"calls":[4],"for":[5],"robust":[6],"optimal":[7],"power":[8,53,155],"flow":[9,54],"(OPF)":[10],"tools":[11],"that":[12,64],"can":[13],"provide":[14],"a)":[15],"deterministic":[16],"convergence;":[17],"b)":[18],"accurate":[19],"computation":[20],"of":[21,26,32,35,56,83,112],"nodal":[22],"prices;":[23],"c)":[24],"support":[25],"both":[27],"smooth":[28],"and":[29,37,51,59,104,116,130,142,151],"nonsmooth":[30],"costing":[31],"a":[33],"variety":[34],"resources":[36],"services,":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"real":[41],"energy,":[42,44],"reactive":[43,52],"voltages":[45],"support,":[46],"etc.;":[47],"d)":[48],"full":[49],"active":[50],"modeling":[55],"large-scale":[57,154],"systems;":[58],"e)":[60],"satisfactory":[61],"worst-case":[62],"performance":[63,78],"meets":[65],"the":[66,81,96,102,110],"real-time":[67],"dispatching":[68],"requirement.":[69],"Most":[70],"prior":[71],"research":[72],"on":[73,77],"OPF":[74,114,135],"has":[75],"focused":[76],"issues":[79],"in":[80],"context":[82],"regulated":[84],"systems,":[85],"without":[86],"giving":[87],"much":[88],"emphasis":[89],"to":[90,106],"requirements":[91],"a)-c).":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"discusses":[95],"computational":[97],"challenges":[98],"brought":[99],"up":[100],"by":[101],"deregulation":[103],"attempts":[105],"address":[107],"them":[108],"through":[109],"introduction":[111],"new":[113,140],"formulations":[115,141],"algorithms.":[117],"Trust-region-":[118],"based":[119],"augmented":[120],"Lagrangian":[121],"method":[122,128],"(TRALM),":[123],"step-controlled":[124],"primal-dual":[125],"interior":[126],"point":[127],"(SCIPM),":[129],"constrained":[131],"cost":[132],"variable":[133],"(CCV)":[134],"formulation":[136],"are":[137,149],"proposed.":[138],"algorithms,":[143],"along":[144],"with":[145],"several":[146],"existing":[147],"ones,":[148],"tested":[150],"compared":[152],"using":[153],"system":[156],"models.":[157]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133726159","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2023-12-17T10:28:37.199951","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2281001":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072307861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2013.2281001","title":"Secure Planning and Operations of Systems With Stochastic Sources, Energy Storage, and Active Demand","display_name":"Secure Planning and Operations of Systems With Stochastic Sources, Energy Storage, and Active Demand","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072307861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2013.2281001","mag":"2072307861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2013.2281001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004747334","display_name":"C. Murillo-Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068461180","display_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042174729","display_name":"C. Lindsay Anderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Lindsay Anderson","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597118","display_name":"Robert J. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Thomas","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":160,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"2220","last_page":"2229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"energy storage","score":0.4226},{"keyword":"secure","score":0.4005},{"keyword":"stochastic sources","score":0.3991},{"keyword":"planning","score":0.3558},{"keyword":"operations","score":0.3062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.716363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.668729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.60225487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.564721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5178809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.49657708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.48010853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.45466912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127491075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617825","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","level":2,"score":0.44436416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4197648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27585763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.24996647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12652978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09716976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2013.2281001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59604973","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","issn_l":"1949-3053","issn":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594924988","https://openalex.org/W2018622896","https://openalex.org/W2026052471","https://openalex.org/W2046644861","https://openalex.org/W2048132690","https://openalex.org/W2085030433","https://openalex.org/W2090767520","https://openalex.org/W2093062119","https://openalex.org/W2103275617","https://openalex.org/W2103709171","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2121275441","https://openalex.org/W2124389050","https://openalex.org/W2135131968","https://openalex.org/W2138648264","https://openalex.org/W2143220679","https://openalex.org/W2145334893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2603686330","https://openalex.org/W4294992859","https://openalex.org/W4254717236","https://openalex.org/W2377757044","https://openalex.org/W3160952126","https://openalex.org/W2320103255","https://openalex.org/W798918733","https://openalex.org/W4213167601","https://openalex.org/W163279402","https://openalex.org/W2101287851"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2072307861/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,153],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,58,77,110,171],"stochastic":[4,99,192],"optimization":[5],"framework":[6,53],"for":[7,71,91,127,134,141],"operations":[8],"and":[9,39,49,64,137,150,160,181],"planning":[10,34],"of":[11,41,104,113,178,189],"an":[12,18,72],"electricity":[13,42],"network":[14],"as":[15,57,121,123],"managed":[16],"by":[17],"Independent":[19],"System":[20],"Operator.":[21],"The":[22,51,101,132],"objective":[23],"is":[24,82,119],"to":[25,84,108,164,185],"maximize":[26],"the":[27,33,37,86,98,156,187,190],"total":[28],"expected":[29],"net":[30],"benefits":[31,40],"over":[32,76],"horizon,":[35],"incorporating":[36],"costs":[38],"consumption,":[43],"generation,":[44],"ancillary":[45],"services,":[46],"load-shedding,":[47],"storage":[48,136],"load-shifting.":[50],"overall":[52],"could":[54],"be":[55,183],"characterized":[56],"secure,":[59],"stochastic,":[60],"combined":[61],"unit":[62],"commitment":[63],"AC":[65],"optimal":[66,73,102,142],"power":[67,173],"flow":[68,174],"problem,":[69],"solving":[70,165],"state-dependent":[74],"schedule":[75],"pre-specified":[78],"time":[79,117,130],"horizon.":[80],"Uncertainty":[81],"modeled":[83],"expose":[85],"scenarios":[87],"that":[88],"are":[89],"critical":[90],"maintaining":[92],"system":[93],"security,":[94],"while":[95],"properly":[96],"representing":[97],"cost.":[100],"amount":[103],"locational":[105],"reserves":[106,125],"needed":[107],"cover":[109],"credible":[111],"set":[112],"contingencies":[114],"in":[115],"each":[116],"period":[118],"determined,":[120],"well":[122],"load-following":[124],"required":[126],"ramping":[128],"between":[129,144],"periods.":[131],"models":[133],"centrally-dispatched":[135],"time-flexible":[138],"demands":[139],"allow":[140],"tradeoffs":[143],"arbitraging":[145],"across":[146],"time,":[147],"mitigating":[148],"uncertainty":[149],"covering":[151],"contingencies.":[152],"paper":[154],"details":[155],"proposed":[157,191],"problem":[158],"formulation":[159],"outlines":[161],"potential":[162],"approaches":[163],"it.":[166],"An":[167],"implementation":[168],"based":[169],"on":[170],"DC":[172],"model":[175],"solves":[176],"systems":[177],"modest":[179],"size":[180],"can":[182],"used":[184],"demonstrate":[186],"value":[188],"framework.":[193]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072307861","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2023-12-18T23:14:51.855986","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2865454":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885134619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2018.2865454","title":"Using the Matpower Optimal Scheduling Tool to Test Power System Operation Methodologies Under Uncertainty","display_name":"Using the Matpower Optimal Scheduling Tool to Test Power System Operation Methodologies Under Uncertainty","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885134619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2018.2865454","mag":"2885134619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2018.2865454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201762130","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","issn_l":"1949-3029","issn":["1949-3029","1949-3037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080282461","display_name":"Alberto J. Lamadrid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto J. Lamadrid","raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA;","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA;"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051399120","display_name":"Daniel Muñoz-Álvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Munoz-Alvarez","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004747334","display_name":"C. Murillo-Sanchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068461180","display_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray D. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030796661","display_name":"H.-D. Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haeyong Shin","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597118","display_name":"Robert J. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Thomas","raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":24,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1280","last_page":"1289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"matpower optimal scheduling tool","score":0.7514},{"keyword":"matpower system operation methodologies","score":0.5543},{"keyword":"matpower system","score":0.3846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75340587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6515573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116219307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236625","display_name":"Power system simulation","level":4,"score":0.6384875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.60717624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.49025992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4866179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4333767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42687845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.4178214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.41437134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.41100746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23937923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.114500225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2018.2865454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201762130","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy","issn_l":"1949-3029","issn":["1949-3029","1949-3037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.45},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.34}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":"1442858"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320333881","funder_display_name":"Power Systems Engineering Research Center","award_id":null}],"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108964556","https://openalex.org/W893700568","https://openalex.org/W1498692214","https://openalex.org/W1834552176","https://openalex.org/W1967596043","https://openalex.org/W1975003454","https://openalex.org/W1981756935","https://openalex.org/W1987483509","https://openalex.org/W1996039893","https://openalex.org/W2000587848","https://openalex.org/W2005120486","https://openalex.org/W2015302287","https://openalex.org/W2019516351","https://openalex.org/W2025406696","https://openalex.org/W2032728198","https://openalex.org/W2033004704","https://openalex.org/W2036373162","https://openalex.org/W2067108585","https://openalex.org/W2071361493","https://openalex.org/W2072307861","https://openalex.org/W2073128623","https://openalex.org/W2082322377","https://openalex.org/W2090767520","https://openalex.org/W2095553613","https://openalex.org/W2098854737","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2110550129","https://openalex.org/W2121275441","https://openalex.org/W2148308676","https://openalex.org/W2152282461","https://openalex.org/W2175195964","https://openalex.org/W2225094937","https://openalex.org/W2560830881","https://openalex.org/W2769278719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770764537","https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2341842940","https://openalex.org/W4254851101","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2885134619/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Short-term":[0],"power":[1],"system":[2],"operational":[3,101],"planning":[4],"problems":[5],"that":[6,116],"consider":[7],"multi-stage":[8],"uncertainties":[9],"pose":[10],"significant":[11],"challenges,":[12],"not":[13],"only":[14],"in":[15,27,91],"the":[16,28,41,92,100,104,113,146,152],"design":[17],"of":[18,32,99,103,138,145],"tractable":[19],"optimization":[20],"frameworks":[21],"for":[22,73,140],"implementing":[23],"them,":[24],"but":[25],"also":[26],"testing":[29,71,125],"and":[30,50,109,112,119,124,129,148],"benchmarking":[31],"such":[33],"frameworks.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"an":[38],"implementation":[39],"using":[40],"open-source":[42],"MATPOWER":[43],"Optimal":[44],"Scheduling":[45],"Tool":[46],"(MOST)":[47],"to":[48,77,96,150],"study":[49],"compare":[51],"a":[52,60,70],"stochastic":[53,94],"day-ahead,":[54],"security-constrained":[55],"unit":[56],"commitment":[57],"problem":[58,122],"with":[59,82,136],"more":[61],"traditional":[62],"deterministic":[63],"approach.":[64],"The":[65,121],"comparison":[66],"is":[67,89,154],"based":[68],"on":[69],"methodology":[72,126],"day-ahead":[74],"plans":[75],"designed":[76],"produce":[78],"expected":[79],"performance":[80],"estimates":[81],"minimal":[83],"biases":[84],"from":[85,132],"modeling":[86,98],"assumptions.":[87],"Emphasis":[88],"given":[90],"proposed":[93],"approach":[95],"explicit":[97],"characteristics":[102],"technologies":[105],"available,":[106],"their":[107],"spatial":[108],"temporal":[110],"coupling,":[111],"regulatory":[114],"constraints":[115],"assure":[117],"reliability":[118],"adequacy.":[120],"formulations":[123],"are":[127,134],"described":[128],"simulation":[130],"results":[131],"MOST":[133],"presented,":[135],"discussion":[137],"implications":[139],"future":[141],"market":[142],"design.":[143],"All":[144],"code":[147],"data":[149],"replicate":[151],"simulations":[153],"provided":[155],"online.":[156]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2885134619","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2023-12-17T22:16:56.730355","created_date":"2018-08-22"}},"citation_counts":{"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4074122":13,"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168":5162,"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275967":145,"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.901301":250,"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2013.2281001":158,"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2865454":23},"total_citations":5751,"keywords_from_contributors":["power-system","powerflow","cim","loadflow","power","short-circuit","state-estimation","system"],"project_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/19939","html_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/projects/19939"}