{"id":1201,"name":"Cryosphere Software, Data and Tools","description":"A prototype of a curated list of awesome data sources, models, tools and organizations related to the Cryosphere and its subspheres.","url":"https://github.com/awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","last_synced_at":"2026-04-09T18:01:20.194Z","repository":{"id":42083658,"uuid":"370704331","full_name":"awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","owner":"awesome-cryosphere","description":"This is a link list with awesome data, models, and tools around the cryosphere.","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2024-06-14T11:31:14.000Z","size":106,"stargazers_count":95,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":43,"subscribers_count":9,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2026-03-09T06:23:43.352Z","etag":null,"topics":["awesome-list","cryosphere","glaciers","ice-sheets","permafrost","sea-ice","snow"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"","language":null,"has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":null,"status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/awesome-cryosphere.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":null,"code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2021-05-25T13:33:46.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-25T12:12:34.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2024-11-05T22:32:44.241Z","dependency_job_id":null,"html_url":"https://github.com/awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","commit_stats":{"total_commits":50,"total_committers":25,"mean_commits":2.0,"dds":0.6799999999999999,"last_synced_commit":"1784d1d685c29d53dd26d6fb4d6be4aafdae6035"},"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/awesome-cryosphere","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":30413610,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-03-12T00:40:14.898Z","status":"online","status_checked_at":"2026-03-12T02:00:07.260Z","response_time":114,"last_error":null,"robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":true,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"owner":null,"packages":[],"commits":{"id":1254680,"full_name":"awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","default_branch":"master","total_commits":50,"total_committers":25,"total_bot_commits":0,"total_bot_committers":0,"mean_commits":2.0,"dds":0.6799999999999999,"past_year_total_commits":0,"past_year_total_committers":0,"past_year_total_bot_commits":0,"past_year_total_bot_committers":0,"past_year_mean_commits":0.0,"past_year_dds":0.0,"last_synced_at":"2026-04-07T17:08:43.450Z","last_synced_commit":"1784d1d685c29d53dd26d6fb4d6be4aafdae6035","created_at":"2023-03-27T11:50:43.991Z","updated_at":"2026-04-07T17:07:50.621Z","committers":[{"name":"Johannes Landmann","email":"jlandmann","login":"jlandmann","count":16},{"name":"Julius Garbe","email":"33283008+juliusgarbe","login":"juliusgarbe","count":3},{"name":"Lizz Ultee","email":"ehultee@umich.edu","login":"ehultee","count":3},{"name":"Wei Ji","email":"23487320+weiji14","login":"weiji14","count":3},{"name":"Adrien Wehrlé","email":"adrien.wehrle@hotmail.fr","login":"AdrienWehrle","count":2},{"name":"Fabien Maussion","email":"fabien.maussion@uibk.ac.at","login":"fmaussion","count":2},{"name":"Matt Tankersley","email":"81199856+mdtanker","login":"mdtanker","count":2},{"name":"Nick","email":"15223327+nicholas512","login":"nicholas512","count":2},{"name":"Amaury Dehecq","email":"amaury.dehecq@gmail.com","login":"adehecq","count":1},{"name":"Conrad","email":"cpk26","login":"cpk26","count":1},{"name":"Daniel Shapero","email":"shapero.daniel@gmail.com","login":"danshapero","count":1},{"name":"Florian Hanzer","email":"florian.hanzer@gmail.com","login":"fhanzer","count":1},{"name":"Jan Beutel","email":"jan.beutel@uibk.ac.at","login":"janbeutel","count":1},{"name":"Jessica Mejia","email":"jzimmerman990@gmail.com","login":"jzmejia","count":1},{"name":"Jordi Bolibar","email":"jordi.bolibar@gmail.com","login":"JordiBolibar","count":1},{"name":"Luis López","email":"betolin@gmail.com","login":"betolink","count":1},{"name":"Max Stevens","email":"maximusjstevens@gmail.com","login":"maximusjstevens","count":1},{"name":"Maxim Lamare","email":"32132761+maximlamare","login":"maximlamare","count":1},{"name":"Simon Gascoin","email":"29677722+sgascoin","login":"sgascoin","count":1},{"name":"Tom Andersson","email":"tomandersson3@gmail.com","login":"tom-andersson","count":1},{"name":"Valentin","email":"bickel@mps.mpg.de","login":"bickelmps","count":1},{"name":"c2kittel","email":"56965312+c2kittel","login":"c2kittel","count":1},{"name":"eefvandongen","email":"37330929+eefvandongen","login":"eefvandongen","count":1},{"name":"mjsandells","email":"mjsandells","login":"mjsandells","count":1},{"name":"stefryn","email":"43548055+stefryn","login":"stefryn","count":1}],"past_year_committers":[],"commits_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links/commits","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","last_synced_at":"2026-04-09T00:00:23.197Z","repositories_count":6212625,"commits_count":911532372,"contributors_count":35183078,"owners_count":1143406,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","host_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://commits.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories"}},"issues_stats":{"full_name":"awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","html_url":"https://github.com/awesome-cryosphere/cryosphere-links","last_synced_at":"2026-02-08T13:01:37.129Z","status":"error","issues_count":1,"pull_requests_count":38,"avg_time_to_close_issue":6214335.0,"avg_time_to_close_pull_request":20228.28947368421,"issues_closed_count":1,"pull_requests_closed_count":38,"pull_request_authors_count":24,"issue_authors_count":1,"avg_comments_per_issue":4.0,"avg_comments_per_pull_request":1.0526315789473684,"merged_pull_requests_count":37,"bot_issues_count":0,"bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_issues_count":0,"past_year_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_issue":null,"past_year_avg_time_to_close_pull_request":null,"past_year_issues_closed_count":0,"past_year_pull_requests_closed_count":0,"past_year_pull_request_authors_count":0,"past_year_issue_authors_count":0,"past_year_avg_comments_per_issue":null,"past_year_avg_comments_per_pull_request":null,"past_year_bot_issues_count":0,"past_year_bot_pull_requests_count":0,"past_year_merged_pull_requests_count":0,"created_at":"2023-05-09T10:40:58.491Z","updated_at":"2026-02-08T13:01:37.129Z","repository_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links","issues_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/awesome-cryosphere%2Fcryosphere-links/issues","issue_labels_count":{},"pull_request_labels_count":{},"issue_author_associations_count":{"NONE":1},"pull_request_author_associations_count":{"CONTRIBUTOR":28,"COLLABORATOR":7,"MEMBER":3},"issue_authors":{"MartinLuethi":1},"pull_request_authors":{"jlandmann":6,"ehultee":3,"juliusgarbe":3,"weiji14":3,"nicholas512":2,"bickelmps":2,"mdtanker":2,"fmaussion":1,"adehecq":1,"cpk26":1,"danshapero":1,"janbeutel":1,"betolink":1,"AdrienWehrle":1,"jzmejia":1,"c2kittel":1,"maximusjstevens":1,"JordiBolibar":1,"fhanzer":1,"stefryn":1,"mjsandells":1,"tom-andersson":1,"sgascoin":1,"maximlamare":1},"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","last_synced_at":"2026-04-05T00:00:08.668Z","repositories_count":14089617,"issues_count":34439849,"pull_requests_count":112367015,"authors_count":11226217,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","host_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","owners_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners","authors_url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors"},"past_year_issue_labels_count":{},"past_year_pull_request_labels_count":{},"past_year_issue_author_associations_count":{},"past_year_pull_request_author_associations_count":{},"past_year_issue_authors":{},"past_year_pull_request_authors":{},"maintainers":[{"login":"jlandmann","count":6,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/jlandmann"},{"login":"weiji14","count":3,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/weiji14"},{"login":"fmaussion","count":1,"url":"https://issues.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/authors/fmaussion"}],"active_maintainers":[]},"events":{"total":{"WatchEvent":9},"last_year":{"WatchEvent":4}},"keywords":["awesome-list","cryosphere","glaciers","ice-sheets","permafrost","sea-ice","snow"],"dependencies":[],"score":7.772752716468741,"created_at":"2023-09-11T11:54:37.271Z","updated_at":"2026-04-09T18:01:20.197Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/awesome-cryosphere.png","language":null,"category":"Sustainable Development","sub_category":"Curated Lists","monthly_downloads":0,"total_dependent_repos":0,"total_dependent_packages":0,"readme":"\n\n# Cryosphere Software, Data and Tools [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge-flat2.svg)](https://awesome.re)\n\nA prototype of a curated list of awesome data sources, models, tools and organizations related to the Cryosphere and its subspheres.\n\n\n\n\n## Contents\n- [Cryosphere - across all subspheres](#cryosphere---across-all-subspheres)\n    - [Cryo Software](#cryo-software)\n    - [Cryo Data](#cryo-data)\n- [Frozen Ground/Permafrost](#frozen-groundpermafrost)\n    - [FGP Software](#fgp-software)\n    - [FGP Data](#fgp-data)\n- [Ice Sheets and Glaciers](#ice-sheets-and-glaciers)\n    - [ISG Software](#isg-software)\n         - [ISG Open Source Models](#isg-open-source-models) \n             - Ice Flow and Mass Balance\n             -  (Surface) Mass Balance only\n             - Calving/Frontal Ablation\n             - Hydrology\n             - Sub-/Englacial Hydrology\n             - Miscellaneous\n         - [ISG Closed/On-Demand Source Models](#isg-closedon---demand-source-models) \n             - Ice Flow and Mass Balance\n             - Sub-/Englacial Hydrology\n         - [ISG Remote Sensing Software](#isg-remote-sensing-software)\n    - [ISG Data](#isg-data)\n\t    - [ISG Global Data](#isg-global-data) \n\t    - [ISG National Data](#isg-local-data)\n\t        - Switzerland\n    - [ISG Visualization Tools](#isg-visualization-tools)\n    - [ISG Educational Tools and Data](#isg-educational-tools-and-data)\n- [Sea Ice](#sea-ice)\n    - [SI Software](#si-software)\n    - [SI Data](#si-data)\n- [Snow](#snow)\n    - [SN Software](#sn-software)\n    - [SN Data](#sn-data)\n- [Contributing](#contributing)\n- [License](#license)\n\n## Cryosphere - across all subspheres\n### Cryo Software\n- [PolarToolkit](https://polartoolkit.rtfd.io/) - A Python package to download, plot, and explore polar datasets.\n- [earthspy](https://github.com/AdrienWehrle/earthspy) - Monitor and study any place on Earth and in Near Real-Time (NRT) with satellite data\n- [xDEM](https://github.com/GlacioHack/xdem) - A Python module developed by glaciologists for handling DEMs: read/write, coregistration, volume change calculation etc.\n### Cryo Data \n- [NSIDC](https://nsidc.org/) - The (US) National Snow and Ice Data Center\n- [NSIDC Data Tutorials](https://github.com/nsidc/NSIDC-Data-Tutorials) - Jupyter notebook guides to access, subset, transform, and visualize data products from NSIDC\n- [Arctic Data Center](https://arcticdata.io) - Data and software from NSF Arctic research\n## Frozen Ground/Permafrost\n### FGP Software\n#### Data Handling\n- [tsp](https://gitlab.com/permafrostnet/teaspoon) - A python library for reading, writing, visualizing and manipulating ground temperature data ([p](https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704))\n#### Modelling\n- [FreeThaw1D](https://github.com/geoframecomponents/FreeThaw1D) A fast 1d heat transfer model with phase change ([p](https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/2541/2021/tc-15-2541-2021.html))\n### FGP Data\n- [PermafrostNet ERDDAP](https://data.permafrostnet.ca/erddap/index.html) - Distributing ground temperature and borehole data using OPeNDAP \n- [PERMOS](http://permos.ch/) - Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network (PERMOS)\n- [PermaSense Matterhorn Data](https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.916193) - Matterhorn Permafrost Observatory data ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019))\n\n## Ice Sheets and Glaciers\n### ISG Software\n####  ISG Open Source Models\n##### Ice Flow and Mass Balance\n- [ALPGM](https://github.com/JordiBolibar/ALPGM) - ALpine Parameterized Glacier Model. Deep learning-based regional glacier evolution model ([p](https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/14/565/2020/tc-14-565-2020.html))\n- [CISM](https://github.com/CISM/cism) - Community Ice Sheet Model ([p](https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001015))\n- [CFM](https://github.com/UWGlaciology/CommunityFirnModel) - Community Firn Model ([p](https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4355/2020/gmd-13-4355-2020.html))\n- [DEISM ice-sheet-model](https://github.com/cpk26/ice-sheet-model) - DEpth integrated Ice Sheet Model (DEISM)\n- [Elmer/Ice](https://github.com/elmercsc/elmerfem) - Open Source Finite Element Software for Ice Sheet, Glaciers and Ice Flow Modelling\n- [Fenics Ice](https://github.com/EdiGlacUQ/fenics_ice) - Ice Sheet model with Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90)).\n- [flowline-glacier-model](https://github.com/aaschwanden/flowline-glacier-model) - Flowline glacier model by Andy Aschwanden\n- [Glacier Energy and Mass Balance (GEMB v1.0)](https://issm.jpl.nasa.gov/) - Energy and Mass Balance Model with focus on firn (part of ISSM) ([p](https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2022/egusphere-2022-674/egusphere-2022-674.pdf), preprint).\n- [glacier-flow-model](https://github.com/munterfinger/glacier-flow-model) - Modelling glacier flow, based on the glaciers mass balance and a digital elevation model\n- [icepack](https://github.com/icepack/icepack) - Finite element modeling of glaciers and ice sheets\n- [ICESHEET](https://github.com/evangowan/icesheet) - Creates ice sheet reconstructions using a perfectly plastic approximation, using ice margins and basal shear stress as inputs\n- [icetools](https://github.com/alexjarosch/icetools) - icetools provides a development environment for numerical ice flow models/simulations\n- [ISSM](https://issm.jpl.nasa.gov/)  - Ice Sheet System Model\n- [MPAS-Albany Land Ice (MALI)](https://github.com/MPAS-Dev/MPAS-Release/releases) - a variable-resolution ice sheet model for earth system modeling using voronoi grids\n- [OGGM](https://oggm.org/) - Open Global Glacier Model: a modular open source model for glacier dynamics ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019))\n- [PISM](http://www.pism-docs.org/wiki/doku.php) - Parallel Ice Sheet Model ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011))\n- [PyGEM](https://github.com/drounce/PyGEM) - Python Glacier Evolution Model (PyGEM)\n- [sia-fluxlim](https://github.com/alexjarosch/sia-fluxlim) - Implementation of a MUSCL-superbee flux limiter to a shallow ice approximation flow code based on finite differences\n- [SICOPOLIS](http://www.sicopolis.net/)  - SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets\n- [speceis_flowline](https://github.com/douglas-brinkerhoff/speceis_flowline) - Width-parameterized flowline version of the spectral ice sheet model (SpecEIS)\n- [Stochastic Ice-Sheet and Sea-Level System Model (StISSM)](https://issm.jpl.nasa.gov/download) - Stochastic implementation of ISSM ([p](https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2022/egusphere-2022-699/egusphere-2022-699.pdf), preprint)\n- [Úa](https://github.com/GHilmarG/UaSource) - A large-scale ice-flow model\n- [UFEMISM](https://github.com/IMAU-paleo/UFEMISM) - The Utrecht FinitE voluMe Ice-Sheet Model ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021))\n- [VarGlaS](https://github.com/douglas-brinkerhoff/VarGlaS) - The source code repository for the Variational Glacier Simulator (VarGlaS) code ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013))\n- [Yelmo](https://github.com/palma-ice/yelmo) - a 3D ice-sheet-shelf model solving for the coupled dynamics and thermodynamics of the ice sheet system ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273))\n\n\n##### (Surface) Mass Balance only\n- [pypdd](https://github.com/juseg/pypdd) - A positive degree day model for glacier surface mass balance ([p](http://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG13J081))\n- [COSIPY](https://github.com/cryotools/cosipy) -  A flexible and user-friendly framework for modeling distributed snow and glacier mass changes ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020))\n- [MAR](https://mar.cnrs.fr/) -  A regional climate model for modelling surface mass balance ([p](http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122%3C0671:DOATDM%3E2.0.CO;2))\n\n##### Calving/Frontal Ablation\n- [cryo_calving_2019](https://github.com/bearecinos/cryo_calving_2019) - Experiments with a minimal Frontal ablation model added to OGGM\n- [HiDEM](https://github.com/joeatodd/HiDEM) - Helsinki Discrete Element Model, a particle model for simulating elastic behaviour, fracture and calving at marine terminating glaciers ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013))\n- [SERMeQ](https://github.com/ehultee/sermeq) - Tool to estimate advance, retreat, and sea level contribution of calving glaciers forced by upstream surface mass balance, based on viscoplastic physics ([p](https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090213))\n\n##### Hydrology\n- [CCHF](https://github.com/thomasmosier/CCHF) - Cryosphere hydrology modeling package written in Matlab ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016))\n- [DEBAM/DETIM](https://github.com/regine/meltmodel)  - Distributed Energy Balance Model (DEBAM) and Distributed Enhanced Temperature Index Model (DETIM): Two Distributed Glacier Surface Mass-Balance and Discharge Models ([p](https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003087), [p](https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566))\n\n##### Sub-/Englacial Hydrology\n- [1Dhydro](https://bitbucket.org/maurow/1dhydro/src/master/) - Example subglacial hydrology model for teaching. Subglacial processes workshop at Centre for Ice and Climate, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen 7-11 th April 2014\n- [RchannelODE.jl](https://bitbucket.org/maurow/rchannelode.jl/src/master/) - Solves the 1D steady state R-channel equations\n- [SHAKTI]() - Subglacial hydrology and kinetic transient interactions ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018))\n\n##### Miscellaneous\n- [bod-marine](https://github.com/bueler/bod-marine) - exact solution to marine ice sheet 1D problem, coming from Bodvardsson (1955)\n- [debadvect](https://github.com/awirbel/debadvect) - FEM model for englacial debris transport\n- [Glacier initialization](https://github.com/OGGM/initialization) - Method to reconstruct estimated glacier states up to 1850\n- [GlacialLakeHazards](https://github.com/drounce/GlacialLakeHazards) - Matlab codes from PhD work on glacial lake outburst flood hazards in the Nepal Himalaya\n- [icepack-py](https://github.com/danshapero/icepack-py) - Python bindings and utility scripts for icepack\n- [Rounce2014_debristhickness](https://github.com/drounce/Rounce2014_debristhickness) - Codes associated with deriving the debris thickness of debris-covered glaciers from Landsat thermal imagery\n- [SELEN](https://github.com/geodynamics/selen) - Calculates glacial isostatic adjustment and the sea level equation\n- [sia-fve](https://github.com/bueler/sia-fve) - implicit finite volume element (FVE) method for the shallow ice approximation (SIA) free-boundary problem\n\n\n\n#### ISG Closed/On-Demand Source Models\n\n##### Ice Flow and Mass Balance\n- [f.ETISh](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017) - Fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet Model ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017))\n- [GagliardiniWerder2018](https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59) - Influence of an increasing surface melt over decadal timescales on land terminating outlet glaciers (paper)\n- [GloGEM](https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054) - A model for global glacier change and sea-level rise ([p](https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054))\n- [GloGEMflow](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019) - Extended version of the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM), in which both surface mass balance and ice flow are explicitly accounted for ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019))\n- [GERM](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276) - Glacier Evolution and Runoff Model ([p](https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055))\n- [PollardDeConto2012](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012) - 3D hybrid ice sheet-shelf model for long-term continental-scale applications ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012))\n\n\n##### Sub-/Englacial Hydrology\n- [Beyeretal2017](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018) - A confined–unconfined aquifer model for subglacial hydrology and its application to the north east Greenland ice stream (paper)\n- [Brinkerhoffetal2011](https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3) - Inversion of a glacier hydrology model (paper)\n- [BuelervanPelt2015](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015) - Mass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.6 (paper)\n- [deFleurian2016](https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003842) - A modeling study of the effect of runoff variability on the effective pressure beneath Russell Glacier, West Greenland (paper)\n- [Hewitt2017](https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951) - Modelling distributed and channelized subglacial drainage: the spacing of channels (paper)\n- [HoffmanPrice2014](https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002943) - Feedbacks between coupled subglacial\nhydrology and glacier dynamics (paper)\n- [KesslerAnderson2004](https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020622) - Testing a numerical glacial hydrological model using spring speed‐up events and outburst floods (paper)\n- [PimentelFlowers2010](https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211) - A numerical study of hydrologically driven glacier dynamics and subglacial flooding (paper)\n- [Werderetal2013](https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146) - Modeling channelized and distributed subglacial drainage in two dimensions (paper)\n\n\n#### ISG Visualization Tools\n- [GLIMS Glacier Viewer](http://www.glims.org/maps/glims) - Global Land Ice Measurememts from Space (GLIMS) / Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G) Glacier Viewer covering a range of inventories\n- [OGGM-edu](http://edu.oggm.org) - Interactive glacier apps for educational purposes\n- [WGMS Smartphone App](https://wgms.ch/glacierapp/) - Browsing glaciers worldwide and in your proximity\n- [WGMS FoG Browser](https://wgms.ch/fogbrowser/) - Fluctuations of Glaciers Dataset Browser\n- [GLAMOS](https://glamos.ch) - Browsing Swiss glaciers on an interactive map\n- [iceplotlib](https://github.com/juseg/iceplotlib) - Plotting tools for PISM using matplotlib and netcdf4-python\n\n#### ISG Remote Sensing Software\n- [DIC_FFT](https://github.com/bickelmps/DIC_FFT_ETHZ) -  Detect and quantify surface displacements in multi-temporal images ([p](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/865))\n- [glaciersat](https://github.com/jlandmann/glaciersat) -  Tools to observe glaciers from satellite imagery, such as albedo calculation and transient snow line detection\n- [icepyx](https://github.com/icesat2py/icepyx) - Python tools for obtaining and working with ICESat-2 laser altimetry data\n\n### ISG Data\n#### ISG Global Data\n- [FoG](https://wgms.ch/data_databaseversions/) - Fluctuations of Glaciers with point, elevation band and specific mass balance measurements \n- [Glacier Length Fluctuations](https://folk.uio.no/paulwl/length.php)  - Glacier Length Database by Paul Leclercq\n- [GlaThiDa](https://www.gtn-g.ch/data_catalogue_glathida/)  - Glacier Thickness Dataset with point, elevation band and specific ice thickness measurements\n- [RGI](http://www.glims.org/RGI/index.html) - Randolph Glacier Inventory, a global inventory of glacier outlines ([report an issue](https://github.com/GLIMS-RGI/rgi_issue_tracker))\n- [WGI](https://nsidc.org/data/g01130)  - World Glacier Inventory\n- [ITS_LIVE](https://its-live.jpl.nasa.gov/) - A NASA MEaSUREs project to provide automated, low latency, global glacier flow and elevation change datasets.\n\n#### ISG National Data\n##### Switzerland\n- [GLAMOS](https://glamos.ch) - Glacier Monitoring Switzerland: the Swiss glacier data portal]\n##### Austria\n- [Austrian Glacier Inventory](https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.844988) - Multi-temporal inventory of Austrian glaciers as a shapefile\n\n### ISG Educational Tools and Data\n- [OGGM-edu](http://edu.oggm.org) - Educational material about glaciers, powered by OGGM and MyBinder\n- [glacier-graphics](https://github.com/OGGM/glacier-graphics) - A collection of glacier graphics that can be used for education and outreach\n- [Ed Bueler's Karthaus material](https://github.com/bueler/karthaus) - Notes and codes for Ed Bueler's numerical lectures at Karthaus (Italy) Summer School on Ice Sheets and Glaciers\n- [UW_Geodetic_Mass_Budget_Scripts](https://github.com/ShashankBice/UW_Geodetic_Mass_Budget_Scripts) - no description provided\n- [Glaciers Dynamics Lecture](https://github.com/aaschwanden/glaciers617) - Glacier Dynamics lecture by Andy Aschwanden\n- [Glacier \u0026 Ice Sheet Dynamics at Georgia Tech](https://github.com/nsidc/NSIDC-Data-Tutorials) - Alex Robel's slides, notes, and code demonstrations for grad/undergrad course in glaciology \n- [GRANTSISM](http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~fpattyn/grantism/)  - GReenland \u0026 ANTarctic Ice Sheet Model + Svalbard extension, based on Excel with suggested exercises  ([p](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020) [p](https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177))\n- [js-ism](https://github.com/mewo2/js-ism) - Reimplementation of GRANTISM in Javascript\n- [International Summer School in Glaciology, McCarthy, Alaska](https://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/courses/summerschool) - bi-annual summer school hosted by University of Alaska in Fairbanks\n  - [McCarthy course material](https://glaciers.gi.alaska.edu/content/course-material-0) - Lecture notes on Ice Sheet Modelling, Mass Balance, Glacier Hydrology, Remote Sensing, and so on.\n  - [Ed Bueler's material](https://github.com/bueler/mccarthy) - Slides, notes, and codes on numerical glacier and ice sheet modeling\n  - [Andy Aschwanden's material](https://github.com/aaschwanden/mccarthy-summerschool) - Lecture notes and exercises on ice flow and thermodynamics\n- [Lindsey Nicholson's teaching](https://github.com/linznicholson/teaching) - Materials Lindsey developed for teaching (mainly) about glaciers\n- [Physics of Glacier lecture at ETH](http://people.ee.ethz.ch/~luethim/teaching.html) - All the course material for the \"Physics of Glaciers\" class\n- [Subglacial processes workshop material](https://maurow.bitbucket.io/teaching/copenhagen2014.html) - Mauro Werder's material from the subglacial processes workshop Copenhagen\n- [Swisseduc Glaciers online](https://www.swisseduc.ch/glaciers/) - A collection of photos and processes of different glaciers\n\n\n## Sea Ice\n### SI Software\n- [CICE](https://github.com/CICE-Consortium/CICE) - CICE sea-ice model\n- [Icepack](https://github.com/CICE-Consortium/Icepack) - sea-ice column physics\n- [SIS2](https://github.com/NOAA-GFDL/SIS2) - NOAA-GFDL's Sea Ice Simulator version 2\n- [SI3](https://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/nemo/chrome/site/doc/NEMO/guide/html/guide.html) - sea ice model of the NEMO consortium\n- [IceNet](https://github.com/tom-andersson/icenet-paper) - code to train a deep learning seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting model ([paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25257-4)/[pre-trained networks](https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=71820e7d-c628-4e32-969f-464b7efb187c)/[Jupyter notebook demonstrator](https://the-environmental-ds-book.netlify.app/polar/modelling/polar-modelling-icenet.html))\n### SI Data \n\n## Snow\n### SN Software\n- [SNOWPACK](https://models.slf.ch/p/snowpack/)  - multi-purpose snow and land-surface model ([p](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232x(02)00073-3))\n- [cosipy](https://github.com/cryotools/cosipy) - Coupled snowpack and ice surface energy and mass balance model in Python\n- [FSM2](https://github.com/RichardEssery/FSM2) - Flexible Snow Model: a multi-physics energy balance model of accumulation and melt of snow on the ground and in forest canopies ([p](http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/8/3867/2015/))\n- [snowtools](https://github.com/dshean/snowtools) - D. Shean's utilities for working with snow data\n- [let-it-snow](https://gitlab.orfeo-toolbox.org/remote_modules/let-it-snow/) - Operational snow cover detection from optical multispectral level 2A products ([p](https://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/11/493/2019/essd-11-493-2019.html))\n- [openAMUNDSEN](https://github.com/openamundsen/openamundsen) - Modular snow and hydroclimatological modeling framework\n- [TARTES](https://github.com/ghislainp/tartes) - Two-stream radiative transfer in Snow model, also available as a [webapp](http://snowtartes.pythonanywhere.com/)\n- [snowoptics](https://github.com/ghislainp/snowoptics) - Functions to compute spectral albedo and extinction of snow on flat and tilted terrains, also available as a [webapp](https://snowslope.pythonanywhere.com/)\n- [SMRT](https://github.com/smrt-model/smrt) - Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer model to calculate scattering of microwave radiation in snow ([p](https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018))\n\n### SN Data\n#### SN Global Data\n - [CommunitySnowObs](http://communitysnowobs.org/) - Community Snow Observations\n\n\n# Contributing\n\n- Please check for duplicates first.\n- Keep an alphabetical order if there is more than one entry in your category\n- Keep descriptions short, simple and unbiased.\n- Please make an individual commit for each suggestion\n- Add a new category if needed.\n\nThanks for your suggestions!\n\n\n# License\n\n[![CC0](https://licensebuttons.net/p/zero/1.0/88x31.png)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)\n","funding_links":[],"readme_doi_urls":["https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704","https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019","https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001015","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273","http://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG13J081","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013","https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090213","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016","https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003087","https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017","https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59","https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019","http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276","https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012","https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018","https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015","https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003842","https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951","https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002943","https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020622","https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146","https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.844988","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020","https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177","https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232x(02)00073-3","https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018"],"works":{"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297962053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704","title":"tsp (“Teaspoon”): A library for ground temperature data","display_name":"tsp (“Teaspoon”): A library for ground temperature data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297962053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704","pdf_url":"https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214273","display_name":"Journal of open source software","issn_l":"2475-9066","issn":["2475-9066"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315853","host_organization_name":"Open Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315853"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Open Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04704.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068928056","display_name":"Nicholas Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-0671"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Brown","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]}],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068928056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":0,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":72},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"77","first_page":"4704","last_page":"4704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"temperature","score":0.4955},{"keyword":"teaspoon”","score":0.4577},{"keyword":"tsp","score":0.3927},{"keyword":"data","score":0.3325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3746544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3238218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32006829999999997}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704","pdf_url":"https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214273","display_name":"Journal of open source software","issn_l":"2475-9066","issn":["2475-9066"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315853","host_organization_name":"Open Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315853"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Open Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704","pdf_url":"https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214273","display_name":"Journal of open source software","issn_l":"2475-9066","issn":["2475-9066"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315853","host_organization_name":"Open Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315853"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Open Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.69},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.15}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857977652","https://openalex.org/W2081960133","https://openalex.org/W2302501749","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2802394216","https://openalex.org/W2809006489","https://openalex.org/W2937108673","https://openalex.org/W2990127081","https://openalex.org/W3008594776","https://openalex.org/W3044403357","https://openalex.org/W3161474958","https://openalex.org/W4206535851","https://openalex.org/W4239796446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W2048182022","https://openalex.org/W2604872355"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W4297962053/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297962053","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T20:04:23.148654","created_date":"2022-10-01"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911713938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019","title":"A decade of detailed observations (2008–2018) in steep bedrock permafrost at the Matterhorn Hörnligrat (Zermatt, CH)","display_name":"A decade of detailed observations (2008–2018) in steep bedrock permafrost at the Matterhorn Hörnligrat (Zermatt, CH)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911713938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019","mag":"2911713938"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019","pdf_url":"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1203/2019/essd-11-1203-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106909380","display_name":"Earth System Science Data","issn_l":"1866-3508","issn":["1866-3516","1866-3508"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1203/2019/essd-11-1203-2019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002146809","display_name":"Samuël Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-5378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Weber","raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Landslide Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Landslide Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091276793","display_name":"Jan Beutel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-2455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Beutel","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052468117","display_name":"Reto Da Forno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-4978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reto Da Forno","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033642531","display_name":"Alain Geiger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-8979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alain Geiger","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061415755","display_name":"Stephan Gruber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-1542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Gruber","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049839609","display_name":"Tonio Gsell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tonio Gsell","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075857494","display_name":"Andreas Hasler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-722X"},"institutions":[],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Hasler","raw_affiliation_string":"SensAlpin GmbH, Davos, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["SensAlpin GmbH, Davos, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009817680","display_name":"Matthias Keller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Keller","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026862568","display_name":"Roman Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roman Lim","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073736421","display_name":"Philippe Limpach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Limpach","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037557258","display_name":"Matthias Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-2823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Meyer","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089271445","display_name":"Igor Talzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Igor Talzi","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060999697","display_name":"Lothar Thiele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-868X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lothar Thiele","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046693560","display_name":"Christian Tschudin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Tschudin","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063606844","display_name":"Andreas Vieli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-5921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Vieli","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032668022","display_name":"Daniel Vonder Mühll","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123994","display_name":"SystemsX.ch","ror":"https://ror.org/02s09gf16","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123994"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Vonder Mühll","raw_affiliation_string":"SystemsX.ch Management Office, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["SystemsX.ch Management Office, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006534189","display_name":"Mustafa Yücel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Yücel","raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich,  Zurich, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002146809","https://openalex.org/A5091276793","https://openalex.org/A5052468117","https://openalex.org/A5033642531","https://openalex.org/A5061415755","https://openalex.org/A5049839609","https://openalex.org/A5075857494","https://openalex.org/A5009817680","https://openalex.org/A5026862568","https://openalex.org/A5073736421","https://openalex.org/A5037557258","https://openalex.org/A5089271445","https://openalex.org/A5060999697","https://openalex.org/A5046693560","https://openalex.org/A5063606844","https://openalex.org/A5032668022","https://openalex.org/A5006534189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I67031392","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I1850255","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I1850255","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I4210123994","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1509,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1509,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":26,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"1203","last_page":"1237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"steep bedrock","score":0.5093},{"keyword":"permafrost","score":0.4763},{"keyword":"matterhorn hörnligrat","score":0.4513},{"keyword":"detailed observations","score":0.2708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.69638735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137527640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570309","display_name":"Bedrock","level":2,"score":0.6201095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.45587012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.445559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.43440202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.39934856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.39077324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37212634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.12656036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11583805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.08778682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019","pdf_url":"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1203/2019/essd-11-1203-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106909380","display_name":"Earth System Science Data","issn_l":"1866-3508","issn":["1866-3516","1866-3508"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4159cb5f738450b9bda96a2faf50ec0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/358376","pdf_url":"https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/358376/1/Weber_ESSD-11-1203-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ETH Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/200992/1/2019_Vieli_essd-11-1203-2019.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/200992/1/2019_Vieli_essd-11-1203-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/323342","pdf_url":"https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/323342/3/essd-2019-14.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ETH Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1546621/document.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1546621/document.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401469","display_name":"mediaTUM Gesamtbestand (Technische Universität München)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Technical University of Munich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019","pdf_url":"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1203/2019/essd-11-1203-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106909380","display_name":"Earth System Science Data","issn_l":"1866-3508","issn":["1866-3516","1866-3508"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.14}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","award_id":null}],"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99385433","https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W1510271358","https://openalex.org/W1530468945","https://openalex.org/W1591086561","https://openalex.org/W1680996412","https://openalex.org/W1693589952","https://openalex.org/W1837440789","https://openalex.org/W1960413350","https://openalex.org/W1970788390","https://openalex.org/W1972905356","https://openalex.org/W1976170771","https://openalex.org/W1993337245","https://openalex.org/W1997580796","https://openalex.org/W2004436160","https://openalex.org/W2007264772","https://openalex.org/W2010699374","https://openalex.org/W2014061965","https://openalex.org/W2014623960","https://openalex.org/W2020121742","https://openalex.org/W2022289237","https://openalex.org/W2023449052","https://openalex.org/W2024761722","https://openalex.org/W2025078064","https://openalex.org/W2027029024","https://openalex.org/W2032467004","https://openalex.org/W2034628059","https://openalex.org/W2043207844","https://openalex.org/W2044032909","https://openalex.org/W2047186968","https://openalex.org/W2050841702","https://openalex.org/W2050894243","https://openalex.org/W2066833596","https://openalex.org/W2071082005","https://openalex.org/W2079257807","https://openalex.org/W2083924889","https://openalex.org/W2083949358","https://openalex.org/W2089809480","https://openalex.org/W2090668349","https://openalex.org/W2091818547","https://openalex.org/W2100745509","https://openalex.org/W2102430527","https://openalex.org/W2109467222","https://openalex.org/W2114238127","https://openalex.org/W2115535975","https://openalex.org/W2124905383","https://openalex.org/W2136119308","https://openalex.org/W2148670366","https://openalex.org/W2163175189","https://openalex.org/W2170473703","https://openalex.org/W2258774478","https://openalex.org/W2409851859","https://openalex.org/W2410026053","https://openalex.org/W2444665204","https://openalex.org/W2544722931","https://openalex.org/W2605186135","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2738298201","https://openalex.org/W2760836221","https://openalex.org/W2795286178","https://openalex.org/W2804550505","https://openalex.org/W2885122465","https://openalex.org/W2891887637","https://openalex.org/W2892224826","https://openalex.org/W2908898337","https://openalex.org/W2948242658","https://openalex.org/W2963778147","https://openalex.org/W4252577550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2758210760","https://openalex.org/W4200463445","https://openalex.org/W2736231651","https://openalex.org/W2067629221","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W2948807893"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2911713938/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"The":[1],"PermaSense":[2],"project":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5,64],"ongoing":[6],"interdisciplinary":[7],"effort":[8],"between":[9],"geo-science":[10],"and":[11,14,40,102,105,122,164,179,205],"engineering":[12],"disciplines":[13],"started":[15],"in":[16,37,56,59,63,98,127,168,188,199],"2006":[17],"with":[18,135],"the":[19,31,68,77,107,119,128,189,200,206,212,221],"goals":[20],"of":[21,79,91,130,147,157,191,197,208,214,223],"realizing":[22],"observations":[23],"that":[24],"previously":[25],"have":[26],"not":[27],"been":[28],"possible.":[29],"Specifically,":[30],"aims":[32],"are":[33],"to":[34,87,173],"obtain":[35,88],"measurements":[36,58],"unprecedented":[38],"quantity":[39],"quality":[41],"based":[42,183],"on":[43,67,184],"technological":[44],"advances.":[45],"This":[46,110],"paper":[47],"describes":[48],"a":[49,155],"unique":[50],"\u0026gt;10-year":[51],"data":[52,90,96,111,125,151,167,217],"record":[53,126],"obtained":[54],"from":[55],"situ":[57],"steep":[60],"bedrock":[61],"permafrost":[62,132],"Alpine":[65],"environment":[66],"Matterhorn":[69],"Hörnligrat,":[70],"Zermatt,":[71],"Switzerland,":[72],"at":[73,141],"3500":[74],"ma.s.l.":[75],"Through":[76],"utilization":[78],"state-of-the-art":[80],"wireless":[81],"sensor":[82,138,144],"technology":[83],"it":[84],"was":[85],"possible":[86],"more":[89,160],"higher":[92],"quality,":[93],"make":[94],"these":[95,166,185],"available":[97],"near":[99],"real":[100],"time":[101],"tightly":[103],"monitor":[104],"control":[106],"running":[108],"experiments.":[109],"set":[112],"(https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.897640,":[113],"Weber":[114],"et":[115],"al.,":[116],"2019a)":[117],"constitutes":[118],"longest,":[120],"densest":[121],"most":[123],"diverse":[124],"history":[129],"mountain":[131],"research":[133,177,182],"worldwide":[134],"17":[136],"different":[137,216],"types":[139,218],"used":[140],"29":[142],"distinct":[143],"locations":[145],"consisting":[146],"over":[148,154],"114.5":[149],"million":[150],"points":[152],"captured":[153],"period":[156],"10":[158],"or":[159],"years.":[161],"By":[162],"documenting":[163],"sharing":[165],"this":[169],"form":[170],"we":[171],"contribute":[172],"making":[174],"our":[175],"past":[176],"reproducible":[178],"facilitate":[180],"future":[181],"data,":[186],"e.g.,":[187],"areas":[190],"analysis":[192],"methodology,":[193],"comparative":[194],"studies,":[195],"assessment":[196],"change":[198],"environment,":[201],"natural":[202],"hazard":[203],"warning":[204],"development":[207],"process":[209],"models.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"cross-validation":[213],"four":[215],"clearly":[219],"indicates":[220],"dominance":[222],"thawing-related":[224],"kinematics.":[225]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2911713938","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2023-12-19T01:48:33.920593","created_date":"2019-02-21"},"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001015":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997249214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001015","title":"The Glimmer community ice sheet model","display_name":"The Glimmer community ice sheet model","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997249214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001015","mag":"1997249214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001015","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2008JF001015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["2156-2202","0148-0227","0272-7528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2008JF001015","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042643839","display_name":"I. C. Rutt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. C. Rutt","raw_affiliation_string":"School of the Environment and Society, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of the Environment and Society, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025069969","display_name":"Magnus Hagdorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Hagdorn","raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029744747","display_name":"Nick Hulton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Hulton","raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031669742","display_name":"Antony J. Payne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104958","display_name":"Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling","ror":"https://ror.org/01jjvj470","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104958"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Payne","raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":156,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"F2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"ice","score":0.5574},{"keyword":"model","score":0.3184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.56124276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.52966756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.52634466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.4990995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4911823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36625123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.34917444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34271288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.18307474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.17668769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.15361935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11092138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0690878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06696847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001015","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2008JF001015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["2156-2202","0148-0227","0272-7528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/8305918/PDF_Rutt.et.al2009.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/8305918/PDF_Rutt.et.al2009.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Edinburgh"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jf001015","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2008JF001015","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["2156-2202","0148-0227","0272-7528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.83}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40258818","https://openalex.org/W76453080","https://openalex.org/W1486864737","https://openalex.org/W1614567870","https://openalex.org/W1625313574","https://openalex.org/W1626251933","https://openalex.org/W1968107097","https://openalex.org/W1982391274","https://openalex.org/W1985717720","https://openalex.org/W1986260459","https://openalex.org/W1987613981","https://openalex.org/W1987822482","https://openalex.org/W2015094350","https://openalex.org/W2021805059","https://openalex.org/W2022472302","https://openalex.org/W2025418886","https://openalex.org/W2028676830","https://openalex.org/W2034609615","https://openalex.org/W2038638154","https://openalex.org/W2056753208","https://openalex.org/W2061722440","https://openalex.org/W2063896164","https://openalex.org/W2073118846","https://openalex.org/W2075676119","https://openalex.org/W2081796369","https://openalex.org/W2083673201","https://openalex.org/W2084934812","https://openalex.org/W2086505648","https://openalex.org/W2102555202","https://openalex.org/W2105316923","https://openalex.org/W2115178268","https://openalex.org/W2122297914","https://openalex.org/W2124508572","https://openalex.org/W2130630670","https://openalex.org/W2145272372","https://openalex.org/W4206815052","https://openalex.org/W4230868305","https://openalex.org/W4232232293","https://openalex.org/W4243545326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1721371904","https://openalex.org/W4255172591","https://openalex.org/W1971945215","https://openalex.org/W3179454317","https://openalex.org/W2347141945","https://openalex.org/W2282435080","https://openalex.org/W3108961283","https://openalex.org/W2068935346","https://openalex.org/W4317506062","https://openalex.org/W3194712870"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1997249214/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,94],"detailed":[3],"description":[4],"of":[5,56,62,103],"the":[6,12,16,19,60,79,100],"Glimmer":[7,44,74,91],"ice":[8,89,104],"sheet":[9,105],"model,":[10],"comprising":[11],"physics":[13],"represented":[14],"in":[15],"model":[17],"and":[18,35,53,83,96],"numerical":[20,63],"techniques":[21],"used.":[22],"Established":[23],"methods":[24],"are":[25,65],"combined":[26],"with":[27],"good":[28],"software":[29],"design":[30],"to":[31,45,66],"yield":[32],"an":[33],"adaptable":[34],"widely":[36],"applicable":[37],"model.":[38],"A":[39],"flexible":[40,97],"framework":[41,98],"for":[42,88,99],"coupling":[43],"global":[46],"climate":[47],"forcing":[48],"is":[49,55],"also":[50],"described.":[51],"Testing":[52],"benchmarking":[54],"crucial":[57],"importance":[58],"if":[59],"outputs":[61],"models":[64],"be":[67],"regarded":[68],"as":[69],"credible;":[70],"we":[71],"demonstrate":[72],"that":[73],"performs":[75],"very":[76],"well":[77],"against":[78,84],"well‐known":[80],"EISMINT":[81],"benchmarks":[82],"other":[85],"analytical":[86],"solutions":[87],"flow.":[90],"therefore":[92],"represents":[93],"well‐founded":[95],"open‐source":[101],"development":[102],"modeling.":[106]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997249214","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":29}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T01:55:47.093114","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4239240745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90","title":"fenics_ice 1.0: A framework for quantifying initialisation uncertainty fortime-dependent ice-sheet models","display_name":"fenics_ice 1.0: A framework for quantifying initialisation uncertainty fortime-dependent ice-sheet models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4239240745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"posted-content","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007628595","display_name":"Conrad P. Koziol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad P. Koziol","raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014270839","display_name":"Joe Todd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe A. Todd","raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089715048","display_name":"Daniel Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-4461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel N. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082167894","display_name":"James R. Maddison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-4363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121072","display_name":"City of Edinburgh Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02t7v8j62","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121072"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James R. Maddison","raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Univ. of Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089715048","https://openalex.org/A5082167894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209","https://openalex.org/I4210121072","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":0,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":66},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"initialisation uncertainty","score":0.5349},{"keyword":"fortime-dependent","score":0.25},{"keyword":"ice-sheet","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.57972574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5706001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.5615405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.49163443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.4879889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.46740773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.4672354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.4598717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.45570832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4194617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4128272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33418465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.3228991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2697417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.20606714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.19490388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1741893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.14347109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.112954676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5843-2021","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/5843/2021/gmd-14-5843-2021.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.87}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","award_id":"NE/T001607/1"}],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4239240745","https://openalex.org/W3159488256","https://openalex.org/W3201166396","https://openalex.org/W4210266359","https://openalex.org/W3202929795","https://openalex.org/W4200098377","https://openalex.org/W2334564833","https://openalex.org/W4321487700","https://openalex.org/W4232876457","https://openalex.org/W1964079015"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W4239240745/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Mass":[1],"loss":[2],"due":[3],"to":[4,14,23,60,81,134,200],"dynamic":[5],"changes":[6],"in":[7,25,46,193,211],"ice":[8,34,65,73],"sheets":[9,35],"is":[10,21,58,181,191],"a":[11,132,196],"significant":[12],"contributor":[13],"sea":[15,53,145],"level":[16,54,146],"rise,":[17,55],"and":[18,56,102,141,161,171,187],"this":[19,39],"contribution":[20],"expected":[22],"increase":[24],"the":[26,31,43,136,150,163,166,169,172,176,188,213],"future.":[27],"Numerical":[28],"codes":[29],"simulating":[30],"evolution":[32],"of":[33,52,64,95,97,108,115,139,168,175,216,218],"can":[36],"potentially":[37],"quantify":[38],"future":[40],"contribution.":[41],"However,":[42],"uncertainty":[44,127,138,157,215],"inherent":[45],"these":[47],"models":[48,84],"propagates":[49],"into":[50],"projections":[51,148,217],"hence":[57],"crucial":[59],"understand.":[61],"Key":[62],"variables":[63],"sheet":[66],"models,":[67],"such":[68,120],"as":[69,121,158],"basal":[70],"drag":[71],"or":[72,93],"stiffness,":[74],"are":[75,124],"typically":[76],"initialized":[77],"using":[78,195],"inversion":[79],"methodologies":[80],"ensure":[82],"that":[83],"match":[85],"present":[86],"observations.":[87],"Such":[88],"inversions":[89,109],"often":[90],"involve":[91],"tens":[92],"hundreds":[94],"thousands":[96],"parameters,":[98],"with":[99,111],"unknown":[100],"uncertainties":[101],"dependencies.":[103],"The":[104,153,179],"computationally":[105],"intensive":[106],"nature":[107],"along":[110],"their":[112],"high":[113],"number":[114],"parameters":[116],"mean":[117],"traditional":[118],"methods":[119],"Monte":[122],"Carlo":[123],"expensive":[125],"for":[126],"quantification.":[128],"Here":[129],"we":[130],"develop":[131],"framework":[133,154],"estimate":[135],"posterior":[137,189],"inversions,":[140],"project":[142],"them":[143],"onto":[144],"change":[147],"over":[149],"decadal":[151],"timescale.":[152],"treats":[155],"parametric":[156],"multivariate":[159],"Gaussian,":[160],"exploits":[162],"equivalence":[164],"between":[165],"Hessian":[167],"model":[170,198],"inverse":[173],"covariance":[174,190],"parameter":[177],"set.":[178],"former":[180],"computed":[182],"efficiently":[183],"via":[184],"algorithmic":[185],"differentiation,":[186],"propagated":[192],"time":[194],"time-dependent":[197],"adjoint":[199],"produce":[201],"projection":[202],"error":[203],"bars.":[204],"This":[205],"work":[206],"represents":[207],"an":[208],"important":[209],"step":[210],"quantifying":[212],"internal":[214],"ice-sheet":[219],"models.":[220]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239240745","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T14:33:00.056291","created_date":"2022-05-12"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2919190051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019","title":"The Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) v1.1","display_name":"The Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) v1.1","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2919190051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019","mag":"2919190051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/12/909/2019/gmd-12-909-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/12/909/2019/gmd-12-909-2019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089344093","display_name":"Fabien Maussion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3211-506X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabien Maussion","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051684061","display_name":"Anton Butenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anton Butenko","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067308981","display_name":"Nicolas Champollion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Champollion","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015519316","display_name":"Matthias Dusch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Dusch","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084643456","display_name":"Julia Eis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-2695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julia Eis","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065836216","display_name":"Kévin Fourteau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le Développement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802056588","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"French National Centre for Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Grenoble Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121220","display_name":"Institute of Environmental Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01wwcfa26","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I4210121220","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210150872","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Université Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["AT","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kévin Fourteau","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090381264","display_name":"Philipp Gregor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-0689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Gregor","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088230101","display_name":"Alexander H. Jarosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2646-4527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander H. Jarosch","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090632921","display_name":"Johannes Landmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-3521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["AT","CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Marian Landmann","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH),\nZürich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH),\nZürich, Switzerland","Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033688810","display_name":"Felix Oesterle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-6884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Felix Oesterle","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023122581","display_name":"Beatriz Recinos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-8131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799883060","display_name":"Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research","ror":"https://ror.org/019w00969","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799883060","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Recinos","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091830840","display_name":"Timo Rothenpieler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timo Rothenpieler","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068787632","display_name":"Anouk Vlug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-3547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799883060","display_name":"Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research","ror":"https://ror.org/019w00969","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799883060","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anouk Vlug","raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030159996","display_name":"Christian T. Wild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-1704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universität Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800696839","display_name":"Antarctica New Zealand","ror":"https://ror.org/0190e1q31","country_code":"NZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800696839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["AT","NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian T. Wild","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Gateway Antarctica, Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria","Gateway Antarctica, Centre for Antarctic Studies and Research, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091546596","display_name":"Ben Marzeion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6185-3539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799883060","display_name":"Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research","ror":"https://ror.org/019w00969","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799883060","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Marzeion","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany"]}],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089344093","https://openalex.org/A5051684061","https://openalex.org/A5067308981","https://openalex.org/A5015519316","https://openalex.org/A5084643456","https://openalex.org/A5065836216","https://openalex.org/A5090381264","https://openalex.org/A5088230101","https://openalex.org/A5090632921","https://openalex.org/A5033688810","https://openalex.org/A5023122581","https://openalex.org/A5091830840","https://openalex.org/A5068787632","https://openalex.org/A5030159996","https://openalex.org/A5091546596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I4210121220","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I2800262456","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I92869138","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I2799883060","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I2799883060","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I190249584","https://openalex.org/I2800696839","https://openalex.org/I185492890","https://openalex.org/I180437899","https://openalex.org/I2799883060"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"909","last_page":"931"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"open global glacier model","score":0.9035},{"keyword":"oggm","score":0.45}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.84325314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.52344316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.47615004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.44545016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.4394459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4327892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104932425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2116384","display_name":"Glacier morphology","level":5,"score":0.42322615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.42213237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.41413486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33795124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.2592705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.2262643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.21927875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15793818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.14993238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.10167074}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/12/909/2019/gmd-12-909-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5448536703534a3dab37139e9b74d81c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/331775","pdf_url":"https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/331775/3/gmd-12-909-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ETH Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A19616","pdf_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A19616/datastream/PDF/Maussion-2019-The_open_global_glacier_model-%28published_version%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:3-5569","pdf_url":"https://diglib.uibk.ac.at/ulbtirolfodok/content/titleinfo/3581528/full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401999","display_name":"Digital Library of the University of Innsbruck (University of Innsbruck)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143397708","host_organization_name":"Innsbruck Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143397708"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Innsbruck Medical University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/12/909/2019/gmd-12-909-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.44},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.41}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499381260","https://openalex.org/W1502127694","https://openalex.org/W1522874890","https://openalex.org/W1651306795","https://openalex.org/W1857564753","https://openalex.org/W1867005924","https://openalex.org/W1972949500","https://openalex.org/W1979166080","https://openalex.org/W1979538482","https://openalex.org/W1984576625","https://openalex.org/W1985949400","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2015159529","https://openalex.org/W2016250055","https://openalex.org/W2025441790","https://openalex.org/W2026018392","https://openalex.org/W2030857646","https://openalex.org/W2048176827","https://openalex.org/W2056979406","https://openalex.org/W2065509107","https://openalex.org/W2070654011","https://openalex.org/W2074658733","https://openalex.org/W2075493219","https://openalex.org/W2082173851","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2089324490","https://openalex.org/W2119284220","https://openalex.org/W2125753302","https://openalex.org/W2126147651","https://openalex.org/W2128974637","https://openalex.org/W2132196051","https://openalex.org/W2134284628","https://openalex.org/W2136262272","https://openalex.org/W2138244549","https://openalex.org/W2142192031","https://openalex.org/W2145925456","https://openalex.org/W2146292423","https://openalex.org/W2150680082","https://openalex.org/W2150756205","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2158803142","https://openalex.org/W2168520583","https://openalex.org/W2169971095","https://openalex.org/W2172030124","https://openalex.org/W2206164808","https://openalex.org/W2263420555","https://openalex.org/W2312248099","https://openalex.org/W2313654457","https://openalex.org/W2317316298","https://openalex.org/W2325557502","https://openalex.org/W2342249984","https://openalex.org/W2557438774","https://openalex.org/W2587243373","https://openalex.org/W2594089171","https://openalex.org/W2604239613","https://openalex.org/W2794731236","https://openalex.org/W2802934101","https://openalex.org/W4233053583","https://openalex.org/W4244821401","https://openalex.org/W4254773735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225915556","https://openalex.org/W2379110557","https://openalex.org/W2339687091","https://openalex.org/W2266282312","https://openalex.org/W2342542598","https://openalex.org/W2974682659","https://openalex.org/W4239896294","https://openalex.org/W2123047059","https://openalex.org/W2741022344","https://openalex.org/W4236192235"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2919190051/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Despite":[1],"their":[2],"importance":[3],"for":[4,30,59,276,355],"sea-level":[5,343],"rise,":[6],"seasonal":[7],"water":[8],"availability,":[9],"and":[10,54,62,96,110,154,341,357],"as":[11,297,299],"a":[12,52,84,87,90,111,164,205,228,239,247,253,284,320,351],"source":[13],"of":[14,20,25,65,142,166,194,207,217,264,279,323,334,337],"geohazards,":[15],"mountain":[16],"glaciers":[17,167,234,338],"are":[18,188],"one":[19],"the":[21,26,43,69,121,130,134,139,161,181,200,211,214,260,271,295,312,335,347],"few":[22,254],"remaining":[23],"subsystems":[24],"global":[27,123,170,195,223,243,356],"climate":[28,108,174],"system":[29],"which":[31,274],"no":[32],"globally":[33],"applicable,":[34],"open":[35],"source,":[36],"community-driven":[37,353],"model":[38,57,124,131,162,182,280,296,354],"exists.":[39],"Here":[40],"we":[41,152],"present":[42],"Open":[44],"Global":[45],"Glacier":[46],"Model":[47],"(OGGM),":[48],"developed":[49],"to":[50,125,137,163,190,220,252,259,270,294,315,332,339,349],"provide":[51],"modular":[53,261],"open-source":[55],"numerical":[56],"framework":[58],"simulating":[60],"past":[61,340],"future":[63,342],"change":[64],"any":[66],"glacier":[67,128,196,224,359],"in":[68,246,283],"world.":[70],"The":[71,100],"modeling":[72],"chain":[73],"comprises":[74],"data":[75,109],"downloading":[76],"tools":[77],"(glacier":[78],"outlines,":[79],"topography,":[80],"climate,":[81],"validation":[82],"data),":[83],"preprocessing":[85],"module,":[86],"mass-balance":[88],"model,":[89,95],"distributed":[91],"ice":[92,143,201],"thickness":[93],"estimation":[94],"an":[97,178],"ice-flow":[98],"model.":[99,115],"monthly":[101],"mass":[102],"balance":[103],"is":[104,120],"obtained":[105],"from":[106,325],"gridded":[107],"temperature":[112],"index":[113],"melt":[114],"To":[116],"our":[117],"knowledge,":[118],"OGGM":[119,218,318],"first":[122],"explicitly":[126],"simulate":[127],"dynamics:":[129],"relies":[132],"on":[133,238],"shallow-ice":[135],"approximation":[136],"compute":[138],"depth-integrated":[140],"flux":[141],"along":[144],"multiple":[145],"connected":[146],"flow":[147],"lines.":[148],"In":[149],"this":[150],"paper,":[151],"describe":[153],"illustrate":[155],"each":[156],"processing":[157],"step":[158],"by":[159,198,311],"applying":[160],"selection":[165],"before":[168],"running":[169],"simulations":[171,244],"under":[172],"idealized":[173],"forcings.":[175],"Even":[176],"without":[177],"in-depth":[179],"calibration,":[180],"shows":[183],"very":[184],"realistic":[185],"behavior.":[186],"We":[187],"able":[189],"reproduce":[191],"earlier":[192],"estimates":[193,333],"volume":[197],"varying":[199],"dynamical":[202],"parameters":[203],"within":[204],"range":[206,322],"plausible":[208],"values.":[209],"At":[210],"same":[212],"time,":[213],"increased":[215],"complexity":[216,266],"compared":[219],"other":[221],"prevalent":[222],"models":[225],"comes":[226],"at":[227,329],"reasonable":[229],"computational":[230],"cost:":[231],"several":[232],"dozen":[233],"can":[235,267,307],"be":[236,268,308],"simulated":[237],"personal":[240],"computer,":[241],"whereas":[242],"realized":[245],"supercomputing":[248],"environment":[249],"take":[250],"up":[251],"hours":[255],"per":[256],"century.":[257],"Thanks":[258],"framework,":[262],"modules":[263],"various":[265],"added":[269,310],"code":[272],"base,":[273],"allows":[275],"new":[277,291],"kinds":[278],"intercomparison":[281],"studies":[282,328],"controlled":[285],"environment.":[286],"Future":[287],"developments":[288],"will":[289],"add":[290],"physical":[292],"processes":[293],"well":[298],"automated":[300],"calibration":[301],"tools.":[302],"Extensions":[303],"or":[304],"alternative":[305],"parameterizations":[306],"easily":[309],"community":[313],"thanks":[314],"comprehensive":[316],"documentation.":[317],"spans":[319],"wide":[321],"applications,":[324],"ice–climate":[326],"interaction":[327],"millennial":[330],"timescales":[331],"contribution":[336],"change.":[344],"It":[345],"has":[346],"potential":[348],"become":[350],"self-sustained":[352],"regional":[358],"evolution.":[360]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2919190051","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2023-12-19T02:31:20.427012","created_date":"2019-03-11"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169971095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011","title":"The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 1: Model description","display_name":"The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 1: Model description","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169971095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011","mag":"2169971095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031563368","display_name":"Ricarda Winkelmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Winkelmann","raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany; Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany","Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059497091","display_name":"Maria A. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1443-0891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Martin","raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany; Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany","Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083674229","display_name":"Marianne Haseloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Haseloff","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany; Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany","Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035561950","display_name":"Torsten Albrecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-2860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Albrecht","raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany; Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany","Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012302552","display_name":"Ed Bueler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I2802090665"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Bueler","raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067097475","display_name":"C. Khroulev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I2802090665"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Khroulev","raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA."]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041611398","display_name":"Anders Levermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-4704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Levermann","raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany; Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany","Institute of Physics, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":263,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"715","last_page":"726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"pism-pik","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7757678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.6526279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.6122327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.58427536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.54413956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1721004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134007","display_name":"Pressure ridge","level":5,"score":0.45932576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.45833877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65748596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132248","display_name":"Ice field","level":3,"score":0.41072953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.4095005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.39342237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.36417738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.33655185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.3275763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.20169452}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-1277-2010","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-1277-2010","source":null,"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/715/2011/tc-5-715-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.52},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.28}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28136723","https://openalex.org/W42325346","https://openalex.org/W77212025","https://openalex.org/W81594258","https://openalex.org/W124842943","https://openalex.org/W1558742170","https://openalex.org/W1578281258","https://openalex.org/W1915193232","https://openalex.org/W1964467133","https://openalex.org/W1971799755","https://openalex.org/W1975963243","https://openalex.org/W1982391274","https://openalex.org/W1984806906","https://openalex.org/W1985717720","https://openalex.org/W1989177281","https://openalex.org/W1990062406","https://openalex.org/W1990660626","https://openalex.org/W1996198887","https://openalex.org/W2004244703","https://openalex.org/W2007414044","https://openalex.org/W2022590706","https://openalex.org/W2028676830","https://openalex.org/W2034693675","https://openalex.org/W2036509505","https://openalex.org/W2046172844","https://openalex.org/W2056753208","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2066295842","https://openalex.org/W2068935346","https://openalex.org/W2074272083","https://openalex.org/W2083380591","https://openalex.org/W2088042851","https://openalex.org/W2094160803","https://openalex.org/W2096914912","https://openalex.org/W2104275055","https://openalex.org/W2104467800","https://openalex.org/W2106355577","https://openalex.org/W2107244340","https://openalex.org/W2113476442","https://openalex.org/W2126611807","https://openalex.org/W2128132125","https://openalex.org/W2129034749","https://openalex.org/W2145016426","https://openalex.org/W2171873838","https://openalex.org/W3041747254","https://openalex.org/W3152993254","https://openalex.org/W4230234249","https://openalex.org/W4232232293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207615275","https://openalex.org/W4200150804","https://openalex.org/W4280556080","https://openalex.org/W4297998062","https://openalex.org/W2061194284","https://openalex.org/W56493213","https://openalex.org/W4210502356","https://openalex.org/W4210553729","https://openalex.org/W4200489087","https://openalex.org/W4200615644"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2169971095/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"We":[1],"present":[2],"the":[3,12,33,54,59,76,86,119,133,151,160,199],"Potsdam":[4,13],"Parallel":[5,34],"Ice":[6,35,103,139,201],"Sheet":[7,36,202],"Model":[8,37,203],"(PISM-PIK),":[9],"developed":[10],"at":[11],"Institute":[14],"for":[15,22,71,150],"Climate":[16],"Impact":[17],"Research":[18],"to":[19,75,118,130],"be":[20,106],"used":[21],"simulations":[23],"of":[24,47,115,174,211],"large-scale":[25],"ice":[26,56,61,90,137,165],"sheet-shelf":[27],"systems.":[28],"It":[29],"is":[30,64,168,194,216],"derived":[31],"from":[32,198],"(Bueler":[38],"and":[39,69,93,136,182],"Brown,":[40],"2009).":[41],"Velocities":[42],"are":[43,128,144],"calculated":[44],"by":[45],"superposition":[46],"two":[48],"shallow":[49,60,81],"stress":[50,157],"balance":[51],"approximations":[52],"within":[53],"entire":[55],"covered":[57],"region:":[58],"approximation":[62,83],"(SIA)":[63],"dominant":[65],"in":[66,89,100,126,142,196,218],"grounded":[67,101],"regions":[68,92,110],"accounts":[70],"shear":[72],"deformation":[73],"parallel":[74],"geoid.":[77],"The":[78,164,192],"plug-flow":[79],"type":[80],"shelf":[82,91,140],"(SSA)":[84],"dominates":[85],"velocity":[87,99],"field":[88],"serves":[94],"as":[95,109],"a":[96,112,155,171,183],"basal":[97],"sliding":[98],"regions.":[102],"streams":[104],"can":[105],"identified":[107],"diagnostically":[108],"with":[111],"significant":[113],"contribution":[114],"membrane":[116],"stresses":[117],"local":[120],"momentum":[121],"balance.":[122],"All":[123],"lateral":[124],"boundaries":[125],"PISM-PIK":[127],"free":[129],"evolve,":[131],"including":[132],"grounding":[134],"line":[135],"fronts.":[138],"margins":[141],"particular":[143],"modeled":[145,169],"using":[146,170],"Neumann":[147],"boundary":[148],"conditions":[149,215],"SSA":[152],"equations,":[153],"reflecting":[154],"hydrostatic":[156],"imbalance":[158],"along":[159],"vertical":[161],"calving":[162,175,185],"face.":[163],"front":[166,176],"position":[167],"subgrid-scale":[172],"representation":[173],"motion":[177],"(Albrecht":[178],"et":[179,220],"al.,":[180],"2011)":[181],"physically-motivated":[184],"law":[186],"based":[187],"on":[188],"horizontal":[189],"spreading":[190],"rates.":[191],"model":[193],"tested":[195],"experiments":[197],"Marine":[200],"Intercomparison":[204],"Project":[205],"(MISMIP).":[206],"A":[207],"dynamic":[208],"equilibrium":[209],"simulation":[210],"Antarctica":[212],"under":[213],"present-day":[214],"presented":[217],"Martin":[219],"al.":[221],"(2011).":[222]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2169971095","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2023-12-09T17:56:32.878363","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083972941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021","title":"The Utrecht Finite Volume Ice-Sheet Model: UFEMISM (version 1.0)","display_name":"The Utrecht Finite Volume Ice-Sheet Model: UFEMISM (version 1.0)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083972941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021","mag":"3083972941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2443/2021/gmd-14-2443-2021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2443/2021/gmd-14-2443-2021.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056689053","display_name":"Constantijn J. Berends","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-0350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Constantijn J. Berends","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048016203","display_name":"Heiko Goelzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-9599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799966484","display_name":"Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011n96f14","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799966484"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107808","display_name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02gagpf75","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Université Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE","NL","NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Goelzer","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands; Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CC, the Netherlands","Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium","NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022264562","display_name":"R. S. W. van de Wal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-3892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roderik S. W. van de Wal","raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"]}],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056689053","https://openalex.org/A5048016203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353","https://openalex.org/I193662353","https://openalex.org/I2799966484","https://openalex.org/I4210107808","https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":86,"max":88},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"2443","last_page":"2470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"ice-sheet","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.6054177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.5798426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.51677763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131053463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680751","display_name":"Adaptive mesh refinement","level":2,"score":0.4214337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.36420697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34656098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3395487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33437163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.2989521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18462303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.16959557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.16712612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.16629997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.11031848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2443/2021/gmd-14-2443-2021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8743d9836e2c4b599439c6a97c5e8908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/379167.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/379167.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196427","display_name":"Flanders Marine Institute (Flanders Marine Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1293303778","host_organization_name":"Flanders Marine Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293303778"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Flanders Marine Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/412186","pdf_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/412186/gmd_14_2443_2021.pdf?sequence=1\u0026isAllowed=y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2443/2021/gmd-14-2443-2021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.87}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320327262","funder_display_name":"Netherlands Earth System Science Centre","award_id":"024.002.001"}],"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42325346","https://openalex.org/W81594258","https://openalex.org/W1541597243","https://openalex.org/W1570976541","https://openalex.org/W1967337063","https://openalex.org/W1968247562","https://openalex.org/W1971799755","https://openalex.org/W1982391274","https://openalex.org/W1983549528","https://openalex.org/W1985717720","https://openalex.org/W1988128643","https://openalex.org/W1990062406","https://openalex.org/W1992357382","https://openalex.org/W1996216696","https://openalex.org/W2002937458","https://openalex.org/W2008782043","https://openalex.org/W2011034246","https://openalex.org/W2017806225","https://openalex.org/W2035991385","https://openalex.org/W2056724834","https://openalex.org/W2056753208","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2068823966","https://openalex.org/W2068935346","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2090249381","https://openalex.org/W2094160803","https://openalex.org/W2106544729","https://openalex.org/W2127610390","https://openalex.org/W2145016426","https://openalex.org/W2153259684","https://openalex.org/W2162249237","https://openalex.org/W2162343095","https://openalex.org/W2163105269","https://openalex.org/W2163298292","https://openalex.org/W2169971095","https://openalex.org/W2301238319","https://openalex.org/W2320249130","https://openalex.org/W2582335767","https://openalex.org/W2605719690","https://openalex.org/W2619776531","https://openalex.org/W2732270144","https://openalex.org/W2756297478","https://openalex.org/W2757823712","https://openalex.org/W2783288295","https://openalex.org/W2784108696","https://openalex.org/W2797257963","https://openalex.org/W2799853966","https://openalex.org/W2802781745","https://openalex.org/W2809280954","https://openalex.org/W2871077901","https://openalex.org/W2884933885","https://openalex.org/W2901524315","https://openalex.org/W2902430637","https://openalex.org/W2923612589","https://openalex.org/W2927611752","https://openalex.org/W2978013226","https://openalex.org/W2981326498","https://openalex.org/W2996572161","https://openalex.org/W3004043984","https://openalex.org/W3121333559","https://openalex.org/W3174622421","https://openalex.org/W4243545326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083972941","https://openalex.org/W2905419759","https://openalex.org/W1617430653","https://openalex.org/W2807804074","https://openalex.org/W4205113493","https://openalex.org/W2965462971","https://openalex.org/W3179454317","https://openalex.org/W3108961283","https://openalex.org/W4246818303","https://openalex.org/W3096374531"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W3083972941/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Improving":[1],"our":[2],"confidence":[3],"in":[4,18,22,33,50,57,86,91,259],"future":[5,20],"projections":[6],"of":[7,30,40,88,108,176,232,244,251,274],"sea-level":[8],"rise":[9],"requires":[10,36,52],"models":[11],"that":[12,58,62,102,218,237,312],"can":[13,82,141,210,315],"simulate":[14],"ice-sheet":[15,34,100,134,214,234],"evolution":[16],"both":[17],"the":[19,23,43,104,109,117,132,153,157,174,180,187,194,219,222,238,245,249,265,293],"and":[21,96,205],"geological":[24],"past.":[25],"A":[26,190,272],"physically":[27],"accurate":[28],"treatment":[29,39],"large":[31],"changes":[32],"geometry":[35,135],"a":[37,53,71,79,98,113,124,137,230,260,288,305],"proper":[38],"processes":[41],"near":[42,292],"margin,":[44],"like":[45],"grounding":[46,158,294],"line":[47],"dynamics,":[48],"which":[49,128,209],"turn":[51],"high":[54,80,191,270],"spatial":[55],"resolution":[56,81,140,192,257,291],"specific":[59],"region,":[60],"so":[61],"small-scale":[63],"topographical":[64],"features":[65],"are":[66],"resolved.":[67],"This":[68,120,171],"leads":[69],"to":[70,131,144,183,196,298],"demand":[72],"for":[73,116,229,269,319],"computationally":[74],"efficient":[75],"models,":[76],"where":[77,179],"such":[78,151,166,201],"be":[83,142,145,184,316],"feasibly":[84,317],"applied":[85],"simulations":[87],"105–107":[89],"years":[90],"duration.":[92],"Here,":[93],"we":[94],"present":[95],"evaluate":[97],"new":[99],"model":[101,195,220,226,314],"solves":[103],"hybrid":[105],"SIA–SSA":[106],"approximation":[107],"stress":[110],"balance,":[111],"including":[112],"heuristic":[114],"rule":[115],"grounding-line":[118],"flux.":[119],"is":[121,129,241,296],"done":[122],"on":[123,304],"dynamic":[125],"adaptive":[126],"mesh":[127],"adapted":[130],"modelled":[133],"during":[136,280],"simulation.":[138],"Mesh":[139],"configured":[143],"fine":[146],"only":[147],"at":[148],"specified":[149,163],"areas,":[150],"as":[152,160,162,167,202],"calving":[154],"front":[155],"or":[156,225],"line,":[159,295],"well":[161],"point":[164],"locations":[165],"ice-core":[168],"drill":[169],"sites.":[170],"strongly":[172],"reduces":[173],"number":[175,231,250],"grid":[177],"points":[178],"equations":[181],"need":[182],"solved,":[185],"increasing":[186],"computational":[188],"efficiency.":[189],"allows":[193],"resolve":[197],"small":[198],"geometrical":[199],"features,":[200],"outlet":[203],"glaciers":[204],"sub-shelf":[206],"pinning":[207],"points,":[208],"significantly":[211],"affect":[212],"large-scale":[213],"dynamics.":[215],"We":[216],"show":[217],"reproduces":[221],"analytical":[223],"solutions":[224],"intercomparison":[227],"benchmarks":[228],"schematic":[233],"configurations,":[235],"indicating":[236],"numerical":[239],"approach":[240],"valid.":[242],"Because":[243],"unstructured":[246],"triangular":[247],"mesh,":[248],"vertices":[252],"increases":[253],"less":[254],"rapidly":[255],"with":[256,287],"than":[258],"square-grid":[261],"model,":[262],"greatly":[263],"reducing":[264],"required":[266],"computation":[267],"time":[268],"resolutions.":[271],"simulation":[273],"all":[275],"four":[276],"continental":[277],"ice":[278],"sheets":[279],"an":[281],"entire":[282],"120":[283],"kyr":[284],"glacial":[285],"cycle,":[286],"4":[289],"km":[290],"expected":[297],"take":[299],"100–200":[300],"wall":[301],"clock":[302],"hours":[303],"16-core":[306],"system":[307],"(1600–3200":[308],"core":[309],"hours),":[310],"implying":[311],"this":[313],"used":[318],"high-resolution":[320],"palaeo-ice-sheet":[321],"simulations.":[322]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3083972941","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T18:29:40.926107","created_date":"2020-09-14"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104802962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013","title":"Data assimilation and prognostic whole ice sheet modelling with the variationally derived, higher order, open source, and fully parallel ice sheet model VarGlaS","display_name":"Data assimilation and prognostic whole ice sheet modelling with the variationally derived, higher order, open source, and fully parallel ice sheet model VarGlaS","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104802962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013","mag":"2104802962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1161/2013/tc-7-1161-2013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1161/2013/tc-7-1161-2013.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045840409","display_name":"Douglas Brinkerhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-774X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801213986","https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas John Brinkerhoff","raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011718069","display_name":"Jesse V. Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","display_name":"University of Montana","ror":"https://ror.org/0078xmk34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801213986","https://openalex.org/I6750721"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesse Johnson","raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":37,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1161","last_page":"1184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"prognostic whole ice sheet","score":0.6309},{"keyword":"modelling","score":0.326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.7761307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.7106116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.62275445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.56285477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.43492204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.42061865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.4189302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.41611272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4100739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.31111673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.28506303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.24879467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23352453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15294647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15057933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1369232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.13499847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1161/2013/tc-7-1161-2013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ab90ddff6044ee6a2cb54c9c143212a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cs_pubs/25","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018\u0026context=cs_pubs","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196398","display_name":"ScholarWorks - University of Montana (University of Montana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I6750721","host_organization_name":"University of Montana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6750721"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Montana"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1161/2013/tc-7-1161-2013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.69}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519745724","https://openalex.org/W1546441396","https://openalex.org/W1578281258","https://openalex.org/W1781084009","https://openalex.org/W1967174588","https://openalex.org/W1969647398","https://openalex.org/W1969686205","https://openalex.org/W1972893803","https://openalex.org/W1980858463","https://openalex.org/W1983549528","https://openalex.org/W1985717720","https://openalex.org/W1990212951","https://openalex.org/W1996012982","https://openalex.org/W1996216696","https://openalex.org/W1997249214","https://openalex.org/W1999396203","https://openalex.org/W2000157594","https://openalex.org/W2002868625","https://openalex.org/W2010630115","https://openalex.org/W2011078493","https://openalex.org/W2022916138","https://openalex.org/W2026700187","https://openalex.org/W2031248802","https://openalex.org/W2038031218","https://openalex.org/W2048959099","https://openalex.org/W2051456183","https://openalex.org/W2056753208","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2062374522","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2073897969","https://openalex.org/W2076317218","https://openalex.org/W2094160803","https://openalex.org/W2106355577","https://openalex.org/W2119112145","https://openalex.org/W2123042467","https://openalex.org/W2128429243","https://openalex.org/W2130272322","https://openalex.org/W2130630670","https://openalex.org/W2134159265","https://openalex.org/W2140634527","https://openalex.org/W2141927412","https://openalex.org/W2150022032","https://openalex.org/W2152651437","https://openalex.org/W2161306464","https://openalex.org/W2319798702","https://openalex.org/W2496364119","https://openalex.org/W4206815052","https://openalex.org/W4211262490","https://openalex.org/W4236321329","https://openalex.org/W4239429152","https://openalex.org/W4245654886","https://openalex.org/W4256574912","https://openalex.org/W4293775970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034045994","https://openalex.org/W1978467369","https://openalex.org/W1721371904","https://openalex.org/W3041088353","https://openalex.org/W4247173914","https://openalex.org/W2116549525","https://openalex.org/W4246818303","https://openalex.org/W247331267","https://openalex.org/W2282435080","https://openalex.org/W2981524799"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2104802962/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"We":[1],"introduce":[2],"a":[3,50,57,83,89,119,139,143,149,166],"novel,":[4],"higher":[5],"order,":[6],"finite":[7,22],"element":[8,23],"ice":[9,31,36,113,126,155,178],"sheet":[10,32,37,114,127,156],"model":[11,91,100],"called":[12],"VarGlaS":[13,34,69,94,131,164],"(Variational":[14],"Glacier":[15],"Simulator),":[16],"which":[17],"is":[18],"built":[19],"on":[20,108],"the":[21,40,72,80,124,153,169,174,177],"framework":[24,98],"FEniCS.":[25],"Contrary":[26],"to":[27,106],"standard":[28],"procedure":[29],"in":[30,112,134,168],"modelling,":[33,115],"formulates":[35],"motion":[38,61],"as":[39,49,116,118],"minimization":[41],"of":[42,74,82,123,152,161,173,176],"an":[43,96],"energy":[44],"functional,":[45],"conferring":[46],"advantages":[47],"such":[48],"consistent":[51],"platform":[52],"for":[53,99],"making":[54],"numerical":[55],"approximations,":[56],"coherent":[58],"relationship":[59],"between":[60],"and":[62,65,142,171],"heat":[63],"generation,":[64],"implicit":[66],"boundary":[67],"treatment.":[68],"also":[70],"solves":[71],"equations":[73],"enthalpy":[75],"rather":[76],"than":[77,87],"temperature,":[78],"avoiding":[79],"solution":[81],"contact":[84],"problem.":[85],"Rather":[86],"include":[88],"lengthy":[90],"spin-up":[92],"procedure,":[93],"possesses":[95],"automated":[97],"inversion.":[101],"These":[102],"capabilities":[103],"are":[104],"brought":[105],"bear":[107],"several":[109],"benchmark":[110],"problems":[111],"well":[117,133],"500":[120],"yr":[121,145],"simulation":[122],"Greenland":[125,154],"at":[128],"high":[129],"resolution.":[130],"performs":[132],"benchmarking":[135],"experiments":[136],"and,":[137],"given":[138],"constant":[140],"climate":[141],"100":[144],"relaxation":[146],"period,":[147],"predicts":[148,165],"mass":[150,162],"evolution":[151],"that":[157],"matches":[158],"present-day":[159],"observations":[160],"loss.":[163],"thinning":[167],"interior":[170],"thickening":[172],"margins":[175],"sheet.":[179]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104802962","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T05:03:57.487457","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4231020642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273","title":"Description and validation of the ice-sheet model Yelmo (version 1.0)","display_name":"Description and validation of the ice-sheet model Yelmo (version 1.0)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4231020642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"posted-content","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083919011","display_name":"Alexander Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-5293"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Robinson","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089397008","display_name":"Jorge Álvarez-Solas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2969-0442"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Alvarez-Solas","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080968415","display_name":"Marisa Montoya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marisa Montoya","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048016203","display_name":"Heiko Goelzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-9599"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Goelzer","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060724232","display_name":"Ralf Greve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-4777"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Greve","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084964028","display_name":"Catherine Ritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0785-8571"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Ritz","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]}],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":0,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":69},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"model","score":0.3295},{"keyword":"ice-sheet","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96147967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190686","display_name":"Subroutine","level":2,"score":0.781471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.76553154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.74628687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.63495016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.61428714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47610793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.47176293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174252726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661400","display_name":"Ice divide","level":5,"score":0.45600733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.42955744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.40851226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28181463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.24719864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1697357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16525027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.12540427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.12350428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.12321544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.110361725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2805-2020","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/2805/2020/gmd-13-2805-2020.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.58}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award_id":"JP17H06104"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award_id":"JP16H02224"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award_id":"JP17H06323"}],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2527434292","https://openalex.org/W2603943752","https://openalex.org/W2994859948","https://openalex.org/W2091056266","https://openalex.org/W56493213","https://openalex.org/W2005592083","https://openalex.org/W4241596648","https://openalex.org/W2611974265","https://openalex.org/W4297998062","https://openalex.org/W2793666036"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W4231020642/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"We":[1,140],"describe":[2],"the":[3,8,26,48,115,131,154],"physics":[4,86],"and":[5,29,50,73,79,148],"features":[6],"of":[7,32,64],"ice-sheet":[9,145],"model":[10,119,132],"Yelmo,":[11],"an":[12,33,56],"open-source":[13],"project":[14],"intended":[15],"for":[16,25,59,143,153],"collaborative":[17],"development.":[18,82],"Yelmo":[19,55,102],"is":[20],"a":[21,44,61],"thermomechanical":[22],"model,":[23],"solving":[24],"coupled":[27],"velocity":[28],"temperature":[30],"solutions":[31],"ice":[34,38,156],"sheet":[35],"simultaneously.":[36],"The":[37],"dynamics":[39],"are":[40,121],"currently":[41],"treated":[42],"via":[43],"\"hybrid\"":[45],"approach":[46],"combining":[47],"shallow-ice":[49],"shallow-shelf/shelfy-stream":[51],"approximations,":[52],"which":[53,76],"makes":[54],"apt":[57],"choice":[58],"studying":[60],"wide":[62],"variety":[63],"problems.":[65],"Yelmo's":[66,151],"main":[67],"innovations":[68],"lie":[69],"in":[70,114],"its":[71],"flexible":[72],"user-friendly":[74],"infrastructure,":[75],"promotes":[77],"portability":[78],"facilitates":[80],"long-term":[81],"In":[83],"particular,":[84],"all":[85],"subroutines":[87],"have":[88],"been":[89],"designed":[90],"to":[91,103,133,137],"be":[92,98,134],"self-contained,":[93],"so":[94],"that":[95,129],"they":[96],"can":[97],"easily":[99,107,136],"ported":[100],"from":[101],"other":[104],"models,":[105],"or":[106,111],"replaced":[108,123],"by":[109],"improved":[110],"alternate":[112],"methods":[113],"future.":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"hard-coded":[118],"choices":[120],"eschewed,":[122],"instead":[124],"with":[125],"convenient":[126],"parameter":[127],"options":[128],"allow":[130],"adapted":[135],"different":[138,144],"contexts.":[139],"show":[141],"results":[142],"benchmark":[146],"tests,":[147],"we":[149],"illustrate":[150],"performance":[152],"Antarctic":[155],"sheet.":[157]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4231020642","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2023-12-17T19:58:46.223475","created_date":"2022-05-11"},"http://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG13J081":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2333715146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog13j081","title":"Spatial and seasonal effects of temperature variability in a positive degree-day glacier surface mass-balance model","display_name":"Spatial and seasonal effects of temperature variability in a positive degree-day glacier surface mass-balance model","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2333715146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog13j081","mag":"2333715146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog13j081","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/79103AC980965B2499CFFD4C6D10CC3A/S0022143000203900a.pdf/div-class-title-spatial-and-seasonal-effects-of-temperature-variability-in-a-positive-degree-day-glacier-surface-mass-balance-model-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/79103AC980965B2499CFFD4C6D10CC3A/S0022143000203900a.pdf/div-class-title-spatial-and-seasonal-effects-of-temperature-variability-in-a-positive-degree-day-glacier-surface-mass-balance-model-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063819899","display_name":"Julien Seguinot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-0761"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julien Seguinot","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]}],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063819899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"218","first_page":"1202","last_page":"1204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"temperature variability","score":0.4933},{"keyword":"seasonal effects","score":0.4683},{"keyword":"degree-day","score":0.25},{"keyword":"mass-balance","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.7706096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.76636124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.65305555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6308948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514559","display_name":"Degree day","level":2,"score":0.5710421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.53245574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.4490189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.40580833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.20333776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.16936198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0650489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog13j081","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/79103AC980965B2499CFFD4C6D10CC3A/S0022143000203900a.pdf/div-class-title-spatial-and-seasonal-effects-of-temperature-variability-in-a-positive-degree-day-glacier-surface-mass-balance-model-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog13j081","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/79103AC980965B2499CFFD4C6D10CC3A/S0022143000203900a.pdf/div-class-title-spatial-and-seasonal-effects-of-temperature-variability-in-a-positive-degree-day-glacier-surface-mass-balance-model-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.81}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967174588","https://openalex.org/W2068935346","https://openalex.org/W2103759683","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2123235022","https://openalex.org/W2130423791","https://openalex.org/W2143514530","https://openalex.org/W2312456278","https://openalex.org/W2325977847","https://openalex.org/W4249566924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385461385","https://openalex.org/W2337421454","https://openalex.org/W2319143490","https://openalex.org/W2330964655","https://openalex.org/W2340630068","https://openalex.org/W4249217344","https://openalex.org/W102309024","https://openalex.org/W4234557978","https://openalex.org/W2379110557","https://openalex.org/W2359781110"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2333715146/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"positive":[1],"degree-day":[2],"model":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5],"parameterization":[6],"of":[7],"surface":[8],"melt":[9],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"for":[12],"its":[13],"simplicity":[14],"(Hock,":[15],"2003).":[16]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2333715146","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-13T11:11:38.161081","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3105928067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020","title":"COSIPY v1.3 – an open-source coupled snowpack and ice surface energy and mass balance model","display_name":"COSIPY v1.3 – an open-source coupled snowpack and ice surface energy and mass balance model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3105928067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020","mag":"3105928067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/5645/2020/gmd-13-5645-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/5645/2020/gmd-13-5645-2020.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079612225","display_name":"Tobias Sauter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"University of Erlangen-Nuremberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Sauter","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058 Erlangen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086425250","display_name":"Anselm Arndt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6377-2954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anselm Arndt","raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012597781","display_name":"Christoph Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Schneider","raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079612225","https://openalex.org/A5086425250","https://openalex.org/A5012597781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I39343248","https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":16,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"5645","last_page":"5662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"ice surface energy","score":0.5809},{"keyword":"snowpack","score":0.5674},{"keyword":"mass balance model","score":0.3152},{"keyword":"cosipy","score":0.3113},{"keyword":"open-source","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.7896004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.64002264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.52413446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.49962473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.46705046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44879523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.43720627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4202041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4046453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.34992838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25167036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.18887886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.107512474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/5645/2020/gmd-13-5645-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/23001","pdf_url":"https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/18452/23001/1/gmd-13-5645-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400923","display_name":"edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","host_organization_name":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/5645/2020/gmd-13-5645-2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.69},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.1}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award_id":"SA 2339/4-1"},{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung","award_id":"03G0804E"}],"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192055352","https://openalex.org/W1481406252","https://openalex.org/W1484996118","https://openalex.org/W1667277804","https://openalex.org/W1969177287","https://openalex.org/W1988180500","https://openalex.org/W1994570834","https://openalex.org/W1996587202","https://openalex.org/W1999171911","https://openalex.org/W2003828741","https://openalex.org/W2004280192","https://openalex.org/W2016436970","https://openalex.org/W2018182103","https://openalex.org/W2021436787","https://openalex.org/W2027722639","https://openalex.org/W2028081603","https://openalex.org/W2031112416","https://openalex.org/W2061411353","https://openalex.org/W2067163608","https://openalex.org/W2071844133","https://openalex.org/W2075060721","https://openalex.org/W2076693100","https://openalex.org/W2077820244","https://openalex.org/W2093289155","https://openalex.org/W2093879363","https://openalex.org/W2098235774","https://openalex.org/W2101335647","https://openalex.org/W2101467597","https://openalex.org/W2106488759","https://openalex.org/W2113259453","https://openalex.org/W2119475012","https://openalex.org/W2130341358","https://openalex.org/W2135182460","https://openalex.org/W2142451542","https://openalex.org/W2144714805","https://openalex.org/W2146292423","https://openalex.org/W2150320478","https://openalex.org/W2159902315","https://openalex.org/W2162169634","https://openalex.org/W2169399989","https://openalex.org/W2190359753","https://openalex.org/W2323643732","https://openalex.org/W2413666720","https://openalex.org/W2443955426","https://openalex.org/W2486922238","https://openalex.org/W2502655619","https://openalex.org/W2568336350","https://openalex.org/W2604239613","https://openalex.org/W2617775949","https://openalex.org/W2707317363","https://openalex.org/W2806896252","https://openalex.org/W2904725185","https://openalex.org/W2912584414","https://openalex.org/W3003361378","https://openalex.org/W4229786028","https://openalex.org/W4230141575","https://openalex.org/W4236065942","https://openalex.org/W4243706083","https://openalex.org/W4250783589","https://openalex.org/W4251810363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3164414588","https://openalex.org/W4287178850","https://openalex.org/W3169101661","https://openalex.org/W2906245838","https://openalex.org/W4318684544","https://openalex.org/W2894248622","https://openalex.org/W4322006184","https://openalex.org/W4226179986","https://openalex.org/W2802723276","https://openalex.org/W4304783385"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W3105928067/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Glacier":[1],"changes":[2,43],"are":[3,222,317],"a":[4,13,52,70,97,113,139,247,305],"vivid":[5],"example":[6],"of":[7,120,124,138,150,191,255,286,327],"how":[8],"environmental":[9],"systems":[10],"react":[11],"to":[12,33,42,174,251,319],"changing":[14],"climate.":[15],"Distributed":[16],"surface":[17,86,199,227,237,283],"mass":[18,38,89,108,284],"balance":[19,90,201,229,280,285],"models,":[20],"which":[21,95,142],"translate":[22],"the":[23,45,74,80,118,133,144,151,153,157,162,177,192,213,243,252,265,323,328],"meteorological":[24],"conditions":[25],"on":[26,290,304],"glaciers":[27],"into":[28],"local":[29],"melting":[30],"rates,":[31],"help":[32],"attribute":[34],"and":[35,39,59,66,84,88,99,106,147,156,164,188,218,230,257,281,294,309,325],"detect":[36],"glacier":[37,107,287],"volume":[40],"responses":[41],"in":[44,92,272,322],"climate":[46],"drivers.":[47],"A":[48],"well-calibrated":[49],"model":[50,91,111,266,300,329],"is":[51,127,240,301],"suitable":[53],"test":[54],"bed":[55],"for":[56,62,72,102,132,207,212,276,313],"sensitivity,":[57],"detection,":[58],"attribution":[60],"analyses":[61],"many":[63],"scientific":[64],"applications":[65],"often":[67],"serves":[68],"as":[69,159,161,209,211],"tool":[71],"quantifying":[73],"inherent":[75],"uncertainties.":[76],"Here,":[77],"we":[78],"present":[79],"open-source":[81],"COupled":[82],"Snowpack":[83],"Ice":[85],"energy":[87,200,214,228,256,279],"PYthon":[93],"(COSIPY),":[94],"provides":[96],"flexible":[98,291],"user-friendly":[100],"framework":[101,136],"modeling":[103],"distributed":[104],"snow":[105],"changes.":[109],"The":[110,135,181,198,220,299],"has":[112],"modular":[114],"structure":[115,168],"so":[116],"that":[117,235],"exchange":[119,215],"routines":[121],"or":[122],"parameterizations":[123,206],"physical":[125],"processes":[126],"possible":[128],"with":[129,295],"little":[130],"effort":[131],"user.":[134],"consists":[137],"computational":[140,274],"kernel,":[141],"forms":[143],"runtime":[145],"environment":[146],"takes":[148],"care":[149],"initialization,":[152],"input–output":[154],"routines,":[155],"parallelization,":[158],"well":[160,210],"grid":[163],"data":[165],"structures.":[166],"This":[167],"offers":[169],"maximum":[170],"flexibility":[171],"without":[172],"having":[173],"worry":[175],"about":[176],"internal":[178],"numerical":[179],"flow.":[180],"adaptive":[182],"subsurface":[183,231],"scheme":[184,202],"allows":[185],"an":[186],"efficient":[187],"fast":[189],"calculation":[190],"otherwise":[193],"computationally":[194],"demanding":[195],"fundamental":[196],"equations.":[197],"uses":[203,246],"established":[204],"standard":[205],"radiation":[208],"between":[216],"atmosphere":[217],"surface.":[219],"schemes":[221],"coupled":[223],"by":[224],"solving":[225],"both":[226,278],"fluxes":[232,254],"iteratively":[233],"such":[234],"consistent":[236],"skin":[238],"temperature":[239],"returned":[241],"at":[242],"interface.":[244],"COSIPY":[245],"one-dimensional":[248],"approach":[249],"limited":[250],"vertical":[253],"matter":[258],"but":[259],"neglects":[260],"any":[261],"lateral":[262],"processes.":[263],"Accordingly,":[264],"can":[267,310],"be":[268,311],"easily":[269],"set":[270],"up":[271],"parallel":[273],"environments":[275],"calculating":[277],"climatic":[282],"surfaces":[288],"based":[289],"horizontal":[292],"grids":[293],"varying":[296],"temporal":[297],"resolution.":[298],"made":[302],"available":[303],"freely":[306],"accessible":[307],"site":[308],"used":[312],"non-profit":[314],"purposes.":[315],"Scientists":[316],"encouraged":[318],"actively":[320],"participate":[321],"extension":[324],"improvement":[326],"code.":[330]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3105928067","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T21:43:30.488354","created_date":"2020-11-23"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116693373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013","title":"A particle based simulation model for glacier dynamics","display_name":"A particle based simulation model for glacier dynamics","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116693373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013","mag":"2116693373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1591/2013/tc-7-1591-2013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1591/2013/tc-7-1591-2013.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082279313","display_name":"Jan Åström","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150043","display_name":"CSC - IT Center for Science (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04m8m1253","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150043"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Åström","raw_affiliation_string":"CSC – IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, 02101, Esbo, Finland","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSC – IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, 02101, Esbo, Finland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005836099","display_name":"Timo Riikilä","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyväskylä","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Riikilä","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042795433","display_name":"Tuomas Tallinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyväskylä","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomas Tallinen","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052332535","display_name":"Thomas Zwinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-4401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150043","display_name":"CSC - IT Center for Science (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04m8m1253","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150043"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Zwinger","raw_affiliation_string":"CSC – IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, 02101, Esbo, Finland","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSC – IT Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, 02101, Esbo, Finland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028501880","display_name":"Douglas I. Benn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Benn","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University Centre in Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8ST, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University Centre in Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway","School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8ST, UK"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054912056","display_name":"John C. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-5787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95220073","display_name":"University of Lapland","ror":"https://ror.org/05jzt8766","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95220073"]}],"countries":["CN","FI","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Moore","raw_affiliation_string":"Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, PL122, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland; Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,   College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, PL122, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland","Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden","State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,   College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028197539","display_name":"J. Timonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyväskylä","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussi Timonen","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":52,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"1591","last_page":"1602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"simulation model","score":0.4516},{"keyword":"dynamics","score":0.287},{"keyword":"particle","score":0.2678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.58268327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.56614715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4654302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171872576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902783","display_name":"Discrete element method","level":2,"score":0.45602083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34177428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3188496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.26389903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22699374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16979402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1591/2013/tc-7-1591-2013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6dbfda1ecbad4144a0c077e99e037085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201601271299","pdf_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/123456789/48502/1/riikilatietaltc715912013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400563","display_name":"Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","host_organization_name":"University of Jyväskylä","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Jyväskylä"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/1591/2013/tc-7-1591-2013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.87}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498234436","https://openalex.org/W1827931359","https://openalex.org/W1982397860","https://openalex.org/W1984781627","https://openalex.org/W1985210068","https://openalex.org/W1993091516","https://openalex.org/W1996266459","https://openalex.org/W1997831636","https://openalex.org/W2000481880","https://openalex.org/W2001243468","https://openalex.org/W2009065816","https://openalex.org/W2012428463","https://openalex.org/W2019518940","https://openalex.org/W2026181531","https://openalex.org/W2026759381","https://openalex.org/W2028426693","https://openalex.org/W2029643432","https://openalex.org/W2039352273","https://openalex.org/W2044602433","https://openalex.org/W2046974295","https://openalex.org/W2058864156","https://openalex.org/W2059584835","https://openalex.org/W2070086113","https://openalex.org/W2072667640","https://openalex.org/W2073775990","https://openalex.org/W2084252999","https://openalex.org/W2090846569","https://openalex.org/W2097124926","https://openalex.org/W2099430936","https://openalex.org/W2110426828","https://openalex.org/W2119817529","https://openalex.org/W2133379907","https://openalex.org/W2139426433","https://openalex.org/W2143110959","https://openalex.org/W2144572242","https://openalex.org/W2146043777","https://openalex.org/W2149831284","https://openalex.org/W2153028379","https://openalex.org/W2154903428","https://openalex.org/W2156524938","https://openalex.org/W2160215853","https://openalex.org/W2161823728","https://openalex.org/W2162101778","https://openalex.org/W2167480749","https://openalex.org/W2321362043","https://openalex.org/W2332163904","https://openalex.org/W2333209794","https://openalex.org/W3005162313","https://openalex.org/W3021622851","https://openalex.org/W4237698167","https://openalex.org/W4242142663","https://openalex.org/W4252949526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954133528","https://openalex.org/W2365243955","https://openalex.org/W2353119293","https://openalex.org/W2384540843","https://openalex.org/W4235595619","https://openalex.org/W3022508307","https://openalex.org/W2070578545","https://openalex.org/W2054683827","https://openalex.org/W4378770497","https://openalex.org/W2049584446"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2116693373/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"A":[1],"particle-based":[2],"computer":[3],"simulation":[4],"model":[5,65,177,234],"was":[6,104,178,207,215,253],"developed":[7],"for":[8],"investigating":[9],"the":[10,15,62,67,94,176,182,186,220,233,248],"dynamics":[11],"of":[12,22,96,108,126,144,152,185,217,226,241,255],"glaciers.":[13],"In":[14,245],"model,":[16],"large":[17,204],"ice":[18,78,98,128,146,205],"bodies":[19],"are":[20,27],"made":[21],"discrete":[23],"elastic":[24,32],"particles":[25],"which":[26,38,156,191],"bound":[28],"together":[29],"by":[30,195],"massless":[31],"beams.":[33],"These":[34],"beams":[35,46],"can":[36,71],"break,":[37],"induces":[39],"brittle":[40],"behaviour.":[41],"At":[42],"loads":[43],"below":[44],"fracture,":[45],"may":[47,192],"also":[48],"break":[49],"and":[50,80,141,172,209,232],"reform":[51],"with":[52,113],"small":[53],"probabilities":[54],"to":[55,106,135,160,170,180],"incorporate":[56],"slowly":[57],"deforming":[58],"viscous":[59],"behaviour":[60],"in":[61,82,132,189,237],"model.":[63,119],"This":[64],"has":[66],"advantage":[68],"that":[69,107],"it":[70],"simulate":[72],"important":[73],"physical":[74],"processes":[75],"such":[76],"as":[77,211,213],"calving":[79,125],"fracturing":[81,143],"a":[83,101,109,114,136,200,203,223,238,242,256],"more":[84],"realistic":[85],"way":[86],"than":[87],"traditional":[88],"continuum":[89,118],"models.":[90],"For":[91,222],"benchmarking":[92],"purposes":[93],"deformation":[95],"an":[97,127,145,149],"block":[99,111,129,147,206,235],"on":[100,148],"slip-free":[102],"surface":[103],"compared":[105],"similar":[110,134],"simulated":[112],"Finite":[115],"Element":[116],"full-Stokes":[117],"Two":[120],"simulations":[121],"were":[122],"performed:":[123],"(1)":[124],"partially":[130],"supported":[131],"water,":[133],"grounded":[137],"marine":[138],"glacier":[139],"terminus,":[140],"(2)":[142],"inclined":[150],"plane":[151],"varying":[153],"basal":[154],"friction,":[155],"could":[157],"represent":[158],"transition":[159],"fast":[161],"flow":[162],"or":[163],"surging.":[164],"Despite":[165],"several":[166],"approximations,":[167],"including":[168],"restriction":[169],"two-dimensions":[171],"simplified":[173],"water-ice":[174],"interaction,":[175],"able":[179],"reproduce":[181],"size":[183,250],"distributions":[184],"debris":[187],"observed":[188],"calving,":[190],"be":[193],"approximated":[194],"universal":[196],"scaling":[197],"laws.":[198],"On":[199],"moderate":[201],"slope,":[202],"stable":[208],"quiescent":[210],"long":[212],"there":[214],"enough":[216],"friction":[218],"against":[219],"substrate.":[221],"critical":[224],"length":[225],"frictional":[227],"contact,":[228],"global":[229],"sliding":[230],"began,":[231],"disintegrated":[236],"manner":[239],"suggestive":[240],"surging":[243],"glacier.":[244],"this":[246],"case":[247],"fragment":[249],"distribution":[251],"produced":[252],"typical":[254],"grinding":[257],"process.":[258]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2116693373","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T22:39:25.781976","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090213":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047125210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090213","title":"SERMeQ Model Produces a Realistic Upper Bound on Calving Retreat for 155 Greenland Outlet Glaciers","display_name":"SERMeQ Model Produces a Realistic Upper Bound on Calving Retreat for 155 Greenland Outlet Glaciers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047125210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090213","mag":"3047125210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["1944-8007","0094-8276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088440132","display_name":"Lizz Ultee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8780-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan–Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lizz Ultee","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044497073","display_name":"J. N. Bassis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy N. Bassis","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088440132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":68,"max":75},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"21","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"greenland outlet glaciers","score":0.6761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146233495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841083","display_name":"Future sea level","level":5,"score":0.71763027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.71353805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.7051014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22641795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868757","display_name":"Ice calving","level":4,"score":0.70350385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.67777216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.658153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.65729415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12481700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47568","display_name":"Iceberg","level":3,"score":0.65480334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.57919794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.5790813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.48169693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777774347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841083","display_name":"Sea level rise","level":3,"score":0.44431493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.3623767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.35337287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.34471506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.32864872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.30633774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.20420736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11365336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776659692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719426","display_name":"Lactation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["1944-8007","0094-8276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163401","pdf_url":"http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163401/1/grl61420.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan–Ann Arbor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan–Ann Arbor"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141187","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/141187/1/2020GL090213.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["1944-8007","0094-8276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.44},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.38}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation","award_id":"AWD005578"}],"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41935346","https://openalex.org/W1498234436","https://openalex.org/W1519207253","https://openalex.org/W1530670815","https://openalex.org/W1972949500","https://openalex.org/W1991995643","https://openalex.org/W1995585328","https://openalex.org/W2002337569","https://openalex.org/W2016196648","https://openalex.org/W2023464499","https://openalex.org/W2038031218","https://openalex.org/W2043143266","https://openalex.org/W2072667640","https://openalex.org/W2077868956","https://openalex.org/W2090266865","https://openalex.org/W2105093469","https://openalex.org/W2114324231","https://openalex.org/W2117296630","https://openalex.org/W2121304076","https://openalex.org/W2127063691","https://openalex.org/W2132572780","https://openalex.org/W2153259684","https://openalex.org/W2156707560","https://openalex.org/W2160215853","https://openalex.org/W2168496490","https://openalex.org/W2169124660","https://openalex.org/W2169971095","https://openalex.org/W2171912471","https://openalex.org/W2264161424","https://openalex.org/W2281988277","https://openalex.org/W2320249130","https://openalex.org/W2321362043","https://openalex.org/W2321423980","https://openalex.org/W2406511072","https://openalex.org/W2523351074","https://openalex.org/W2605115217","https://openalex.org/W2606680396","https://openalex.org/W2736365427","https://openalex.org/W2756297478","https://openalex.org/W2762875957","https://openalex.org/W2765875692","https://openalex.org/W2766181857","https://openalex.org/W2766425600","https://openalex.org/W2767858663","https://openalex.org/W2777715423","https://openalex.org/W2785212827","https://openalex.org/W2792140334","https://openalex.org/W2808031453","https://openalex.org/W2809202542","https://openalex.org/W2855614908","https://openalex.org/W2898086840","https://openalex.org/W2913710319","https://openalex.org/W2919190051","https://openalex.org/W2923378301","https://openalex.org/W2953145723","https://openalex.org/W2956590845","https://openalex.org/W2963278988","https://openalex.org/W2964409862","https://openalex.org/W3002782576","https://openalex.org/W3007897822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W247331267","https://openalex.org/W2276037845","https://openalex.org/W2116549525","https://openalex.org/W4247150859","https://openalex.org/W4298227173","https://openalex.org/W1721371904","https://openalex.org/W4317470478","https://openalex.org/W4385366989","https://openalex.org/W3110375052","https://openalex.org/W2160303336"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W3047125210/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"rate":[2],"of":[3,15,20,50,84,89,112,136],"land":[4],"ice":[5,43],"loss":[6,35,140],"due":[7,36],"to":[8,31,37,45,75],"iceberg":[9,38],"calving":[10,39,82],"is":[11,28],"a":[12,63,129],"key":[13],"source":[14],"variability":[16],"among":[17],"model":[18,57,68],"projections":[19,135],"the":[21,46,90,106,137,142],"21st":[22],"century":[23],"sea":[24],"level":[25],"rise.":[26],"It":[27],"especially":[29],"challenging":[30],"account":[32],"for":[33,110],"mass":[34,73,139],"in":[40,119],"Greenland,":[41],"where":[42],"drains":[44],"ocean":[47],"through":[48],"hundreds":[49],"outlet":[51,87],"glaciers,":[52],"many":[53,97],"smaller":[54],"than":[55],"typical":[56],"grid":[58],"scale.":[59],"Here,":[60],"we":[61],"apply":[62],"numerically":[64],"efficient":[65],"network":[66],"flowline":[67],"(SERMeQ)":[69],"forced":[70],"by":[71],"surface":[72],"balance":[74],"simulate":[76],"an":[77],"upper":[78,107],"bound":[79,108],"on":[80,133],"decadal":[81],"retreat":[83],"155":[85],"grounded":[86],"glaciers":[88,113],"Greenland":[91,143],"Ice":[92,144],"Sheet—resolving":[93],"five":[94],"times":[95],"as":[96,99],"outlets":[98],"was":[100],"previously":[101],"possible.":[102],"We":[103],"show":[104],"that":[105,116],"holds":[109],"91%":[111],"examined":[114],"and":[115],"simulated":[117],"changes":[118],"terminus":[120],"position":[121],"correlate":[122],"with":[123,147],"observed":[124],"changes.":[125],"SERMeQ":[126],"can":[127],"provide":[128],"physically":[130],"consistent":[131],"constraint":[132],"forward":[134],"dynamic":[138],"from":[141],"Sheet":[145],"associated":[146],"different":[148],"climate":[149],"projections.":[150]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3047125210","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T18:39:29.076872","created_date":"2020-08-10"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2279570272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016","title":"How much cryosphere model complexity is just right? Exploration using the conceptual cryosphere hydrology framework","display_name":"How much cryosphere model complexity is just right? Exploration using the conceptual cryosphere hydrology framework","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2279570272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016","mag":"2279570272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016","pdf_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2147/2016/tc-10-2147-2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2147/2016/tc-10-2147-2016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012699051","display_name":"Thomas Mosier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-4417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Mosier","raw_affiliation_string":"Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001686835","display_name":"David F. Hill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David F. Hill","raw_affiliation_string":"Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030613224","display_name":"Kendra V. Sharp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-850X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kendra V. Sharp","raw_affiliation_string":"Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012699051","https://openalex.org/A5001686835","https://openalex.org/A5030613224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849","https://openalex.org/I131249849","https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":16,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"2147","last_page":"2171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"much cryosphere model complexity","score":0.8027},{"keyword":"exploration","score":0.3029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.8495754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.60607755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.4957267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.4916106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779155178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082861","display_name":"Longwave","level":3,"score":0.47323334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.44314218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126197015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586683","display_name":"Hydrological modelling","level":2,"score":0.42190906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41603905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.40571108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38729286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3765208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3147606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.19203115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15559572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1400485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016","pdf_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2147/2016/tc-10-2147-2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1eda367f266e4afb9449ab5d8a98feb4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016","pdf_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2147/2016/tc-10-2147-2016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.41},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.39}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107226558","https://openalex.org/W1537641517","https://openalex.org/W1571276853","https://openalex.org/W1574148796","https://openalex.org/W1586733597","https://openalex.org/W1630283746","https://openalex.org/W1730404443","https://openalex.org/W1929945801","https://openalex.org/W1942135831","https://openalex.org/W1966677816","https://openalex.org/W1966744188","https://openalex.org/W1968572151","https://openalex.org/W1971398942","https://openalex.org/W1974038018","https://openalex.org/W1984591498","https://openalex.org/W1987169966","https://openalex.org/W1991578832","https://openalex.org/W1996210406","https://openalex.org/W2007711501","https://openalex.org/W2009463208","https://openalex.org/W2018886760","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2036240290","https://openalex.org/W2037460094","https://openalex.org/W2038545209","https://openalex.org/W2051416171","https://openalex.org/W2057668815","https://openalex.org/W2065821457","https://openalex.org/W2067861845","https://openalex.org/W2068410395","https://openalex.org/W2078056167","https://openalex.org/W2081346522","https://openalex.org/W2088174900","https://openalex.org/W2089480112","https://openalex.org/W2104082993","https://openalex.org/W2105991219","https://openalex.org/W2110253516","https://openalex.org/W2112071972","https://openalex.org/W2112776483","https://openalex.org/W2116992828","https://openalex.org/W2119245698","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2122352086","https://openalex.org/W2124090316","https://openalex.org/W2124824025","https://openalex.org/W2126516585","https://openalex.org/W2127858221","https://openalex.org/W2133115222","https://openalex.org/W2137446795","https://openalex.org/W2138763184","https://openalex.org/W2144714805","https://openalex.org/W2147889890","https://openalex.org/W2149451941","https://openalex.org/W2150668626","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2160275807","https://openalex.org/W2162169634","https://openalex.org/W2162906470","https://openalex.org/W2168434845","https://openalex.org/W2169946043","https://openalex.org/W2173603700","https://openalex.org/W2322683298","https://openalex.org/W2491430978","https://openalex.org/W2505345911","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W3022095253","https://openalex.org/W4213389761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968294159","https://openalex.org/W2024872466","https://openalex.org/W1827826937","https://openalex.org/W2103639053","https://openalex.org/W4234649110","https://openalex.org/W94007795","https://openalex.org/W2359836481","https://openalex.org/W2156592434","https://openalex.org/W1974349263","https://openalex.org/W3208854956"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2279570272/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Making":[1],"meaningful":[2],"projections":[3],"of":[4,79,92,199,228,283],"the":[5,33,65,229,234,237,262],"impacts":[6],"that":[7,71,96,119,195,224,261,268],"possible":[8],"future":[9],"climates":[10,249],"would":[11],"have":[12,246],"on":[13,132,169],"water":[14],"resources":[15],"in":[16,150,243],"mountain":[17,152],"regions":[18],"requires":[19],"understanding":[20],"how":[21],"cryosphere":[22,80,86],"hydrology":[23,87],"model":[24,34,56,109,117,145,278,285],"performance":[25],"changes":[26],"under":[27],"altered":[28],"climate":[29,126,170],"conditions":[30],"and":[31,74,103,123,154,171,179,191,201,218,239,250,273],"when":[32],"is":[35,164],"applied":[36,149],"to":[37,44,107,166],"ungaged":[38],"catchments.":[39],"Further,":[40],"if":[41],"we":[42,48,175,259],"are":[43,147,266,269],"develop":[45],"better":[46],"models,":[47,181,190],"must":[49],"understand":[50],"which":[51,245],"specific":[52],"process":[53,94],"representations":[54,102,208],"limit":[55],"performance.":[57],"This":[58],"article":[59],"presents":[60],"a":[61,76,90,197,210,219],"modeling":[62,81],"tool,":[63],"named":[64],"Conceptual":[66],"Cryosphere":[67],"Hydrology":[68],"Framework":[69],"(CCHF),":[70],"enables":[72],"implementing":[73],"evaluating":[75],"wide":[77],"range":[78],"hypotheses.":[82],"The":[83,205],"CCHF":[84,111],"represents":[85],"systems":[88],"using":[89],"set":[91],"coupled":[93],"modules":[95],"allows":[97],"easily":[98],"interchanging":[99],"individual":[100],"module":[101,203,207],"includes":[104],"analysis":[105],"tools":[106],"evaluate":[108],"outputs.":[110],"version":[112],"1":[113],"(Mosier,":[114],"2016)":[115],"implements":[116],"formulations":[118,141],"require":[120],"only":[121],"precipitation":[122],"temperature":[124,138],"as":[125],"inputs":[127],"–":[128,142],"for":[129,236,281],"example":[130],"variations":[131],"simple":[133],"degree-index":[134],"(SDI)":[135],"or":[136],"enhanced":[137],"index":[139],"(ETI)":[140],"because":[143],"these":[144],"structures":[146],"often":[148],"data-sparse":[151],"regions,":[153],"perform":[155],"relatively":[156],"well":[157],"over":[158],"short":[159],"periods,":[160],"but":[161,275],"their":[162],"calibration":[163],"known":[165],"change":[167],"based":[168],"geography.":[172],"Using":[173],"CCHF,":[174],"implement":[176],"seven":[177],"existing":[178,184,188,200],"novel":[180,193,202,206],"including":[182],"one":[183],"SDI":[185],"model,":[186],"two":[187],"ETI":[189],"four":[192],"models":[194,235,265],"utilize":[196],"combination":[198],"representations.":[204],"include":[209],"heat":[211],"transfer":[212],"formulation":[213,223],"with":[214],"net":[215],"longwave":[216],"radiation":[217],"snowpack":[220],"internal":[221],"energy":[222],"uses":[225],"an":[226],"approximation":[227],"cold":[230],"content.":[231],"We":[232],"assess":[233],"Gulkana":[238],"Wolverine":[240],"glaciated":[241],"watersheds":[242],"Alaska,":[244],"markedly":[247],"different":[248],"contain":[251],"long-term":[252],"US":[253],"Geological":[254],"Survey":[255],"benchmark":[256],"glaciers.":[257],"Overall":[258],"find":[260],"best":[263,280],"performing":[264],"those":[267],"more":[270],"physically":[271],"consistent":[272],"representative,":[274],"no":[276],"single":[277],"performs":[279],"all":[282],"our":[284],"evaluation":[286],"criteria.":[287]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2279570272","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-17T11:27:48.606478","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003087":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4234526558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003087","title":"A distributed temperature-index ice- and snowmelt model including potential direct solar radiation","display_name":"A distributed temperature-index ice- and snowmelt model including potential direct solar radiation","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4234526558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003087","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2013F2D6B911401D67EA84728AF93629/S0022143000003087a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-temperature-index-ice-and-snowmelt-model-including-potential-direct-solar-radiation-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2013F2D6B911401D67EA84728AF93629/S0022143000003087a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-temperature-index-ice-and-snowmelt-model-including-potential-direct-solar-radiation-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062331469","display_name":"Regine Hock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Regine Hock","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062331469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":279,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"149","first_page":"101","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"snowmelt model","score":0.5189},{"keyword":"solar radiation","score":0.4386},{"keyword":"temperature-index","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64649846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754697","display_name":"Snowmelt","level":3,"score":0.6871183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6248414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.55747974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.52012545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.51794475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.46075517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.45427498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37011158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.29278308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.277425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.104403675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.091242254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08579168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.07163301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003087","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2013F2D6B911401D67EA84728AF93629/S0022143000003087a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-temperature-index-ice-and-snowmelt-model-including-potential-direct-solar-radiation-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003087","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2013F2D6B911401D67EA84728AF93629/S0022143000003087a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-temperature-index-ice-and-snowmelt-model-including-potential-direct-solar-radiation-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.54},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.22},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.11}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W832446","https://openalex.org/W83960976","https://openalex.org/W97820860","https://openalex.org/W114627767","https://openalex.org/W187374971","https://openalex.org/W1249345106","https://openalex.org/W1505280182","https://openalex.org/W1607396770","https://openalex.org/W1672608030","https://openalex.org/W1964588226","https://openalex.org/W1968268725","https://openalex.org/W1996591456","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2055735626","https://openalex.org/W2055989888","https://openalex.org/W2074456606","https://openalex.org/W2085732763","https://openalex.org/W2110015210","https://openalex.org/W2149451941","https://openalex.org/W2249129509","https://openalex.org/W2333685733","https://openalex.org/W2334061705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992236512","https://openalex.org/W2204430446","https://openalex.org/W4246716158","https://openalex.org/W2902302645","https://openalex.org/W1650357751","https://openalex.org/W2008517750","https://openalex.org/W2788107642","https://openalex.org/W2954107163","https://openalex.org/W277764685","https://openalex.org/W786988240"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W4234526558/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Hourly":[1],"melt":[2,16,29,66,93,100,153],"and":[3,62,77,95,124,145],"discharge":[4,50,143],"of":[5,39,43,105,118,141,152,157],"Storglaciären,":[6],"a":[7,22,36,69,113,147],"small":[8],"glacier":[9],"in":[10,99,116,166,179],"Sweden,":[11],"were":[12,52],"computed":[13],"for":[14,27,59,129,163],"two":[15],"seasons,":[17],"applying":[18],"temperature-index":[19,82],"methods":[20],"to":[21,87,102,161,171,176],"30":[23],"m":[24],"resolution":[25],"grid":[26],"the":[28,40,46,90,96,103,127,139,164],"component.":[30],"The":[31,155],"classical":[32],"degree-day":[33,56],"method":[34],"yielded":[35,146],"good":[37],"simulation":[38,140],"seasonal":[41],"patient":[42],"discharge,":[44],"but":[45],"pronounced":[47,91],"melt-induced":[48],"daily":[49],"cycles":[51,94],"not":[53,174],"captured.":[54],"Modelled":[55],"factors":[57],"calculated":[58],"every":[60],"hour":[61],"each":[63],"gridcell":[64],"from":[65,68],"obtained":[67],"distributed":[70,81],"energy-balance":[71],"model":[72,83,180],"varied":[73],"substantially,":[74],"both":[75,89],"diurnally":[76],"spatially.":[78],"A":[79],"new":[80],"is":[84,109],"suggested,":[85],"attempting":[86],"capture":[88],"diurnal":[92,142],"spatial":[97,150],"variations":[98],"due":[101,170],"effects":[104],"surrounding":[106],"topography.":[107],"This":[108,135],"accomplished":[110],"by":[111],"including":[112],"radiation":[114,160,169],"index":[115],"terms":[117],"potential":[119],"clear-sky":[120],"direct":[121,167],"solar":[122,168],"radiation,":[123],"thus,":[125],"without":[126],"need":[128],"other":[130],"data":[131],"besides":[132],"air":[133],"temperature.":[134],"approach":[136],"improved":[137],"considerably":[138],"fluctuations":[144],"more":[148],"realistic":[149],"distribution":[151],"rates.":[154],"incorporation":[156],"measured":[158],"global":[159],"account":[162],"reduction":[165],"cloudiness":[172],"did":[173],"lead":[175],"additional":[177],"improvement":[178],"performance.":[181]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4234526558","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T21:23:45.077761","created_date":"2022-05-12"},"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162169634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566","title":"A distributed surface energy-balance model for complex topography and its application to Storglaciären, Sweden","display_name":"A distributed surface energy-balance model for complex topography and its application to Storglaciären, Sweden","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162169634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566","mag":"2162169634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/5CA12B607ECF0A75C4D786F0D17372BD/S0022143000215013a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-surface-energy-balance-model-for-complex-topography-and-its-application-to-storglaciaren-sweden-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/5CA12B607ECF0A75C4D786F0D17372BD/S0022143000215013a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-surface-energy-balance-model-for-complex-topography-and-its-application-to-storglaciaren-sweden-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062331469","display_name":"Regine Hock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regine Hock","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000244660","display_name":"B. Holmgren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800970363","display_name":"Abisko Scientific Research Station","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1c3610","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341284090","https://openalex.org/I2800970363"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Björn Holmgren","raw_affiliation_string":"Abisko Scientific Research Station, SE-981 07 Abisko, Sweden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abisko Scientific Research Station, SE-981 07 Abisko, Sweden"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":249,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"172","first_page":"25","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"complex topography","score":0.4973},{"keyword":"surface","score":0.3538},{"keyword":"storglaciären","score":0.31},{"keyword":"energy-balance","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.87299323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.78373754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.7404349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5729804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.57001346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.5562181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5546924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.5435349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.44286498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4409065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37846088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3597544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34010667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.18023205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.14111167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554144382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213156","display_name":"Performance art","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/5CA12B607ECF0A75C4D786F0D17372BD/S0022143000215013a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-surface-energy-balance-model-for-complex-topography-and-its-application-to-storglaciaren-sweden-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/5CA12B607ECF0A75C4D786F0D17372BD/S0022143000215013a.pdf/div-class-title-a-distributed-surface-energy-balance-model-for-complex-topography-and-its-application-to-storglaciaren-sweden-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.31},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.25}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16591296","https://openalex.org/W37599641","https://openalex.org/W95386561","https://openalex.org/W97820860","https://openalex.org/W106937087","https://openalex.org/W114627767","https://openalex.org/W121697555","https://openalex.org/W140378932","https://openalex.org/W140892871","https://openalex.org/W151868745","https://openalex.org/W264891786","https://openalex.org/W369382159","https://openalex.org/W1505280182","https://openalex.org/W1537432363","https://openalex.org/W1548935742","https://openalex.org/W1589564908","https://openalex.org/W1610017921","https://openalex.org/W1631639120","https://openalex.org/W1666849032","https://openalex.org/W1887478270","https://openalex.org/W1964588226","https://openalex.org/W1968268725","https://openalex.org/W1972092629","https://openalex.org/W1982935366","https://openalex.org/W1996591456","https://openalex.org/W1996919374","https://openalex.org/W2002003476","https://openalex.org/W2003488249","https://openalex.org/W2008517750","https://openalex.org/W2015267104","https://openalex.org/W2030216404","https://openalex.org/W2032969459","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2045064107","https://openalex.org/W2054533615","https://openalex.org/W2076693100","https://openalex.org/W2077868956","https://openalex.org/W2086308765","https://openalex.org/W2091029855","https://openalex.org/W2091280136","https://openalex.org/W2095029195","https://openalex.org/W2096533406","https://openalex.org/W2120915471","https://openalex.org/W2143514530","https://openalex.org/W2150668626","https://openalex.org/W2155834033","https://openalex.org/W2171828937","https://openalex.org/W2461421417","https://openalex.org/W4229567951","https://openalex.org/W4242645071","https://openalex.org/W4253292268","https://openalex.org/W4254629041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212868930","https://openalex.org/W2333659536","https://openalex.org/W4309766251","https://openalex.org/W2589423161","https://openalex.org/W4323044802","https://openalex.org/W2318821219","https://openalex.org/W2747857375","https://openalex.org/W2378185823","https://openalex.org/W3127743130","https://openalex.org/W3082903158"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2162169634/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,64],"grid-based":[2],"surface":[3],"energy-balance":[4],"mass-balance":[5],"model":[6,24,91],"has":[7],"been":[8],"developed":[9],"to":[10,27,94,103],"simulate":[11],"snow-":[12],"and":[13,61,88,102,126,142],"ice":[14],"melt":[15,120],"in":[16,32,133],"mountainous":[17],"regions":[18],"with":[19,136],"an":[20],"hourly":[21],"resolution.":[22],"The":[23,90],"is":[25,43,70,92],"applied":[26],"Storglaciären,":[28],"a":[29,35,80],"valley":[30],"glacier":[31],"Sweden,":[33],"using":[34],"30":[36],"m":[37],"resolution":[38],"digital":[39],"elevation":[40],"model.":[41],"Emphasis":[42],"directed":[44],"towards":[45],"computing":[46],"the":[47,55,73,76,96,105,108,140],"radiation":[48],"components.":[49],"These":[50],"are":[51,114,132,147],"modelled":[52],"individually,":[53],"considering":[54],"effects":[56],"of":[57,75,82,107,118,123,145],"slope":[58],"angle,":[59],"aspect":[60],"effective":[62],"horizon.":[63],"new":[65],"parameterization":[66],"for":[67,99],"snow":[68],"albedo":[69,74],"suggested,":[71],"modifying":[72],"preceding":[77],"hour":[78],"as":[79],"function":[81],"time":[83],"after":[84],"snowfall,":[85],"air":[86],"temperature":[87],"cloudiness.":[89],"used":[93],"provide":[95],"meltwater":[97],"input":[98],"discharge":[100,146],"modelling":[101],"assess":[104],"influence":[106],"individual":[109],"components":[110],"on":[111],"melt.":[112],"Results":[113],"validated":[115],"by":[116],"means":[117],"observed":[119],"rates,":[121],"patterns":[122],"snow-line":[124],"retreat":[125],"proglacial":[127],"discharge.":[128],"In":[129,138],"general,":[130],"simulations":[131],"good":[134],"agreement":[135],"observations.":[137],"particular,":[139],"diurnal":[141],"seasonal":[143],"fluctuations":[144],"simulated":[148],"remarkably":[149],"well.":[150]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2162169634","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T16:30:23.163670","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794946512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018","title":"SHAKTI: Subglacial Hydrology and Kinetic, Transient Interactions v1.0","display_name":"SHAKTI: Subglacial Hydrology and Kinetic, Transient Interactions v1.0","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794946512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018","mag":"2794946512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2955/2018/gmd-11-2955-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2955/2018/gmd-11-2955-2018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061903318","display_name":"Aleah Sommers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-0603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleah Sommers","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008771928","display_name":"Harihar Rajaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harihar Rajaram","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091477268","display_name":"Mathieu Morlighem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-1310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mathieu Morlighem","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061903318","https://openalex.org/A5008771928","https://openalex.org/A5091477268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":23,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"2955","last_page":"2974"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"subglacial hydrology","score":0.6139},{"keyword":"transient interactions","score":0.3357},{"keyword":"kinetic","score":0.3283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51889082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072521","display_name":"Channelized","level":2,"score":0.77216566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.74548924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5700976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5328938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.52627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.5056062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189452","display_name":"Laminar flow","level":2,"score":0.50519997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.45008957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44037008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.43974218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.4202701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.34864363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3408363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.112289965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2955/2018/gmd-11-2955-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/513750dca389432e9de2b6e85cf1936f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2955/2018/","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/2955/2018/gmd-11-2955-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400433","display_name":"Biogeosciences (European Geosciences Union)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799957102","host_organization_name":"European Geosciences Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799957102"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Geosciences Union"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2955/2018/gmd-11-2955-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.68},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.13}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","award_id":"NNX14AL24H"}],"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1517433839","https://openalex.org/W1541597243","https://openalex.org/W1547240904","https://openalex.org/W1590855237","https://openalex.org/W1612534022","https://openalex.org/W1730823220","https://openalex.org/W1970529072","https://openalex.org/W1970955534","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1977528393","https://openalex.org/W1978840772","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1988201156","https://openalex.org/W1993815857","https://openalex.org/W2007585408","https://openalex.org/W2013346221","https://openalex.org/W2018797216","https://openalex.org/W2020773837","https://openalex.org/W2021217022","https://openalex.org/W2022434142","https://openalex.org/W2028948458","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2036532810","https://openalex.org/W2038031218","https://openalex.org/W2040392765","https://openalex.org/W2045646640","https://openalex.org/W2047482128","https://openalex.org/W2047507732","https://openalex.org/W2051675253","https://openalex.org/W2056039982","https://openalex.org/W2058105122","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2076751182","https://openalex.org/W2085734736","https://openalex.org/W2087660929","https://openalex.org/W2088097382","https://openalex.org/W2089567445","https://openalex.org/W2095710420","https://openalex.org/W2104610745","https://openalex.org/W2108611747","https://openalex.org/W2109489962","https://openalex.org/W2113933496","https://openalex.org/W2114768743","https://openalex.org/W2120303917","https://openalex.org/W2121304076","https://openalex.org/W2134848729","https://openalex.org/W2135623743","https://openalex.org/W2142560141","https://openalex.org/W2156567817","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2165272100","https://openalex.org/W2168738907","https://openalex.org/W2169224128","https://openalex.org/W2170210609","https://openalex.org/W2170570389","https://openalex.org/W2294346632","https://openalex.org/W2320249130","https://openalex.org/W2564552697","https://openalex.org/W2767237949","https://openalex.org/W2783212496","https://openalex.org/W2792284551","https://openalex.org/W2793658251","https://openalex.org/W2898451198","https://openalex.org/W4237574497","https://openalex.org/W4238667893","https://openalex.org/W4242377938","https://openalex.org/W4242574319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320900785","https://openalex.org/W4310832293","https://openalex.org/W1975462685","https://openalex.org/W2061699749","https://openalex.org/W2912733569","https://openalex.org/W1989554549","https://openalex.org/W2169259241","https://openalex.org/W2908739340","https://openalex.org/W1986552370","https://openalex.org/W2091009214"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2794946512/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Subglacial":[1],"hydrology":[2,61,99,137],"has":[3,55],"a":[4,134,148,167],"strong":[5],"influence":[6],"on":[7,20,191],"glacier":[8],"and":[9,36,50,69,78,142,175,187,209,212,236,244,249,256],"ice":[10],"sheet":[11],"dynamics,":[12],"particularly":[13],"through":[14],"the":[15,33,59,84,92,106,129,162,171,176,182,192,200,210,215,242,247,267],"dependence":[16],"of":[17,64,83,151,184,202,214,246,266],"sliding":[18],"velocity":[19],"subglacial":[21,30,60,98,136,172,216],"water":[22,49,173],"pressure.":[23],"Significant":[24],"challenges":[25],"are":[26,39],"involved":[27],"in":[28,58,87,105,116,128,146,161,206],"modeling":[29,62],"hydrology,":[31],"as":[32,224,226,264],"drainage":[34,74,223,229],"geometry":[35,213],"flow":[37,204],"mechanics":[38],"constantly":[40],"changing,":[41],"with":[42],"complex":[43],"feedbacks":[44],"that":[45,122,179],"play":[46],"out":[47],"between":[48,66,170],"ice.":[51],"A":[52],"clear":[53],"tradition":[54],"been":[56],"established":[57],"literature":[63],"distinguishing":[65],"channelized":[67,228],"(efficient)":[68],"sheetlike":[70,107,130,222],"(inefficient":[71],"or":[72,76,109],"distributed)":[73],"systems":[75],"components":[77],"using":[79],"slightly":[80],"different":[81,207],"forms":[82],"governing":[85,152],"equations":[86,153],"each":[88],"subsystem":[89],"to":[90,112,118,220,240,250,253],"represent":[91,221],"dominant":[93],"physics.":[94],"Specifically,":[95],"many":[96],"previous":[97],"models":[100],"disregard":[101],"opening":[102,158],"by":[103,159],"melt":[104,160],"system":[108,217],"redistribute":[110],"it":[111,125],"adjacent":[113],"channel":[114],"elements":[115],"order":[117],"avoid":[119],"runaway":[120],"growth":[121],"occurs":[123],"when":[124],"is":[126,154,262],"included":[127],"system.":[131],"We":[132,233],"present":[133,234],"new":[135],"model,":[138],"SHAKTI":[139,165],"(Subglacial":[140],"Hydrology":[141],"Kinetic,":[143],"Transient":[144],"Interactions),":[145],"which":[147],"single":[149],"set":[150],"used":[155],"everywhere,":[156],"including":[157],"entire":[163],"domain.":[164],"employs":[166],"generalized":[168],"relationship":[169],"flux":[174],"hydraulic":[177],"gradient":[178],"allows":[180,198],"for":[181,199],"representation":[183],"laminar,":[185],"turbulent,":[186],"transitional":[188],"regimes":[189,205],"depending":[190],"local":[193],"Reynolds":[194],"number.":[195],"This":[196],"formulation":[197],"coexistence":[201],"these":[203],"regions,":[208],"configuration":[211],"evolves":[218],"naturally":[219],"well":[225],"systematic":[227],"under":[230],"appropriate":[231],"conditions.":[232],"steady":[235],"transient":[237],"example":[238],"simulations":[239],"illustrate":[241],"features":[243],"capabilities":[245],"model":[248,261],"examine":[251],"sensitivity":[252],"mesh":[254],"size":[255],"time":[257],"step":[258],"size.":[259],"The":[260],"implemented":[263],"part":[265],"Ice":[268],"Sheet":[269],"System":[270],"Model":[271],"(ISSM).":[272]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2794946512","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T20:13:48.753556","created_date":"2018-04-06"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2582335767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017","title":"Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)","display_name":"Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2582335767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017","mag":"2582335767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017","pdf_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1851/2017/tc-11-1851-2017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1851/2017/tc-11-1851-2017.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087510223","display_name":"Frank Pattyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-5636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Université Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Pattyn","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Department of Geosciences, Environment and\nSociety, Université libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt\n50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Department of Geosciences, Environment and\nSociety, Université libre de Bruxelles, Av. F.D. Roosevelt\n50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087510223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":54,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"1851","last_page":"1878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"antarctic ice shelves","score":0.6954},{"keyword":"melting","score":0.3686},{"keyword":"sea-level","score":0.25},{"keyword":"multi-centennial","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.7773131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.7675209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.66781884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.62375426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.5347117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126603772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440067","display_name":"Sea ice growth processes","level":5,"score":0.49260908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.47876802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16335420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205270","display_name":"Antarctic sea ice","level":4,"score":0.4652788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.45518464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.4449204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4173457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4084581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.40591413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.37086803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.35010472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.27198923}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017","pdf_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1851/2017/tc-11-1851-2017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71dabd4e60d8469884d065240702fdf3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/313943.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/313943.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401706","display_name":"Platform voor marien onderzoek (Vlaams Instituut Voor De Zee)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1293303778","host_organization_name":"Flanders Marine Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293303778"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Flanders Marine Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/243186/4/doi_226813.pdf","pdf_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/243186/4/doi_226813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Université Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Université Libre de Bruxelles"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/259183/1/doi_242810.pdf","pdf_url":"https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/259183/1/doi_242810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Université Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Université Libre de Bruxelles"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017","pdf_url":"https://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/1851/2017/tc-11-1851-2017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.87}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8074815","https://openalex.org/W10341321","https://openalex.org/W81594258","https://openalex.org/W92483960","https://openalex.org/W1541597243","https://openalex.org/W1766836583","https://openalex.org/W1841396163","https://openalex.org/W1912101587","https://openalex.org/W1923053496","https://openalex.org/W1966210493","https://openalex.org/W1967731091","https://openalex.org/W1968247562","https://openalex.org/W1969099178","https://openalex.org/W1971799755","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1982112066","https://openalex.org/W1988128643","https://openalex.org/W1989199622","https://openalex.org/W1990062406","https://openalex.org/W1993091516","https://openalex.org/W1995872701","https://openalex.org/W1996198887","https://openalex.org/W1999995018","https://openalex.org/W2002137006","https://openalex.org/W2014815515","https://openalex.org/W2017552944","https://openalex.org/W2020899321","https://openalex.org/W2021805059","https://openalex.org/W2022434142","https://openalex.org/W2022590706","https://openalex.org/W2023226070","https://openalex.org/W2024360568","https://openalex.org/W2033556329","https://openalex.org/W2035991385","https://openalex.org/W2038638154","https://openalex.org/W2047054119","https://openalex.org/W2049458304","https://openalex.org/W2054754818","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2072667640","https://openalex.org/W2084481702","https://openalex.org/W2088042851","https://openalex.org/W2091357539","https://openalex.org/W2091464677","https://openalex.org/W2094093518","https://openalex.org/W2099430936","https://openalex.org/W2102213705","https://openalex.org/W2106355577","https://openalex.org/W2107244340","https://openalex.org/W2109295668","https://openalex.org/W2110611537","https://openalex.org/W2112265933","https://openalex.org/W2115178268","https://openalex.org/W2117739383","https://openalex.org/W2119714731","https://openalex.org/W2122386745","https://openalex.org/W2122527296","https://openalex.org/W2130423791","https://openalex.org/W2130630670","https://openalex.org/W2137214065","https://openalex.org/W2142327930","https://openalex.org/W2145016426","https://openalex.org/W2145272372","https://openalex.org/W2147154246","https://openalex.org/W2148920510","https://openalex.org/W2152846021","https://openalex.org/W2153259684","https://openalex.org/W2156933033","https://openalex.org/W2161292951","https://openalex.org/W2162249237","https://openalex.org/W2163298292","https://openalex.org/W2166411116","https://openalex.org/W2166964243","https://openalex.org/W2167573622","https://openalex.org/W2168073072","https://openalex.org/W2168570199","https://openalex.org/W2169971095","https://openalex.org/W2176369079","https://openalex.org/W2178610508","https://openalex.org/W2252300188","https://openalex.org/W2320249130","https://openalex.org/W2326668156","https://openalex.org/W2384547074","https://openalex.org/W2418620283","https://openalex.org/W2419845024","https://openalex.org/W2480261700","https://openalex.org/W2510906071","https://openalex.org/W4206815052","https://openalex.org/W4238497134","https://openalex.org/W4243545326","https://openalex.org/W4255440115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W56493213","https://openalex.org/W339745999","https://openalex.org/W133362536","https://openalex.org/W2188233136","https://openalex.org/W2582335767","https://openalex.org/W2969478049","https://openalex.org/W4246818303","https://openalex.org/W3008435586","https://openalex.org/W3015985365","https://openalex.org/W2063192830"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2582335767/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"The":[1,61,101,190,259,286],"magnitude":[2],"of":[3,18,171,217,281,294],"the":[4,16,51,79,123,132,138,200,209,218,246,255],"Antarctic":[5,38,110,220],"ice":[6,69,111,178,197,210,221],"sheet's":[7],"contribution":[8],"to":[9,22,30,41,106,114,143,158,181,195,204,235],"global":[10],"sea-level":[11,39,161,243],"rise":[12,162,244],"is":[13,64,85,116,125,193],"dominated":[14,117],"by":[15,87,118,265],"potential":[17],"its":[19],"marine":[20,83,225],"sectors":[21],"become":[23],"unstable":[24],"and":[25,44,97,122,151,223,239,250,267,278,283],"collapse":[26],"as":[27],"a":[28,65,167,185,215,236,240,271],"response":[29,40,113],"ocean":[31],"(and":[32],"atmospheric)":[33],"forcing.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"presents":[37],"sudden":[42],"atmospheric":[43],"oceanic":[45],"forcings":[46],"on":[47,128,154],"multi-centennial":[48],"timescales":[49],"with":[50,73,93,263,275],"newly":[52],"developed":[53],"fast":[54],"Elementary":[55],"Thermomechanical":[56],"Ice":[57],"Sheet":[58],"(f.ETISh)":[59],"model.":[60],"f.ETISh":[62,299],"model":[63,72,80,102,290],"vertically":[66,74],"integrated":[67,75,303],"hybrid":[68],"sheet–ice":[70],"shelf":[71,120],"thermomechanical":[76],"coupling,":[77],"making":[78],"two-dimensional.":[81],"Its":[82],"boundary":[84],"represented":[86],"two":[88],"different":[89,276],"flux":[90],"conditions,":[91],"coherent":[92],"power-law":[94,247],"basal":[95,99,129,248],"sliding":[96,249],"Coulomb":[98,135,251],"friction.":[100],"has":[103],"been":[104],"compared":[105],"existing":[107],"benchmarks.":[108],"Modelled":[109],"sheet":[112,222],"forcing":[115,277],"sub-ice":[119],"melt":[121,169],"sensitivity":[124,192],"highly":[126],"dependent":[127],"conditions":[130,253],"at":[131,199,254],"grounding":[133,201,256],"line.":[134],"friction":[136,252],"in":[137,148,214,227,304],"grounding-line":[139],"transition":[140],"zone":[141],"leads":[142,234],"significantly":[144],"higher":[145,191,196],"mass":[146],"loss":[147],"both":[149],"West":[150,219],"East":[152,228],"Antarctica":[153],"centennial":[155],"timescales,":[156],"leading":[157],"1.5":[159],"m":[160,173,183,187,238,242],"after":[163],"500":[164,231],"years":[165],"for":[166,184,245],"limited":[168],"scenario":[170],"10":[172],"a−1":[174,188],"under":[175],"freely":[176],"floating":[177],"shelves,":[179],"up":[180],"6":[182],"50":[186],"scenario.":[189],"attributed":[194],"fluxes":[198],"line":[202],"due":[203],"vanishing":[205],"effective":[206],"pressure.":[207],"Removing":[208],"shelves":[211],"altogether":[212],"results":[213,291],"disintegration":[216],"(partially)":[224],"basins":[226],"Antarctica.":[229],"After":[230],"years,":[232],"this":[233],"5":[237],"16":[241],"line,":[257],"respectively.":[258],"latter":[260],"value":[261],"agrees":[262],"simulations":[264],"DeConto":[266],"Pollard":[268],"(2016)":[269],"over":[270],"similar":[272],"period":[273],"(but":[274],"including":[279],"processes":[280],"hydrofracturing":[282],"cliff":[284],"failure).":[285],"chosen":[287],"parametrizations":[288],"make":[289],"largely":[292],"independent":[293],"spatial":[295],"resolution":[296],"so":[297],"that":[298],"can":[300],"potentially":[301],"be":[302],"large-scale":[305],"Earth":[306],"system":[307],"models.":[308]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2582335767","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-13T00:13:39.762008","created_date":"2017-02-03"},"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888742279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59","title":"Influence of increasing surface melt over decadal timescales on land-terminating Greenland-type outlet glaciers","display_name":"Influence of increasing surface melt over decadal timescales on land-terminating Greenland-type outlet glaciers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888742279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59","mag":"2888742279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/35FD3C758D4592772B7F8332B737F021/S002214301800059Xa.pdf/div-class-title-influence-of-increasing-surface-melt-over-decadal-timescales-on-land-terminating-greenland-type-outlet-glaciers-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/35FD3C758D4592772B7F8332B737F021/S002214301800059Xa.pdf/div-class-title-influence-of-increasing-surface-melt-over-decadal-timescales-on-land-terminating-greenland-type-outlet-glaciers-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011142066","display_name":"Olivier Gagliardini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Grenoble Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121220","display_name":"Institute of Environmental Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01wwcfa26","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I4210121220","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210150872","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Université Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le Développement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802056588","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"French National Centre for Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Gagliardini","raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040705908","display_name":"Mauro Werder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-9377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro A. Werder","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011142066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I4210121220","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":27,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"247","first_page":"700","last_page":"710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"decadal timescales","score":0.3894},{"keyword":"melt","score":0.2691},{"keyword":"land-terminating","score":0.25},{"keyword":"greenland-type","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.74801916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.70861346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.65170777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.5547296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146233495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841083","display_name":"Future sea level","level":5,"score":0.5301384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778744917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862193","display_name":"Crevasse","level":2,"score":0.5119863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.5075401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171289182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690578","display_name":"Glacier ice accumulation","level":5,"score":0.49541557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193091731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3428388","display_name":"Accumulation zone","level":5,"score":0.4535892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104932425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2116384","display_name":"Glacier morphology","level":5,"score":0.43045852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76856502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322152","display_name":"Ablation zone","level":3,"score":0.41747394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4165076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.41606128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.40156245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.36880368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.3552099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.3398561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.19696674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.08748469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0615198}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/35FD3C758D4592772B7F8332B737F021/S002214301800059Xa.pdf/div-class-title-influence-of-increasing-surface-melt-over-decadal-timescales-on-land-terminating-greenland-type-outlet-glaciers-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/302286","pdf_url":"https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/302286/2/influence_of_increasing_surface_melt_over_decadal_timescales_on_landterminating_greenlandtype_outlet_glaciers.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ETH Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/35FD3C758D4592772B7F8332B737F021/S002214301800059Xa.pdf/div-class-title-influence-of-increasing-surface-melt-over-decadal-timescales-on-land-terminating-greenland-type-outlet-glaciers-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1827636044","https://openalex.org/W1905038928","https://openalex.org/W1915193232","https://openalex.org/W1953336936","https://openalex.org/W1965812272","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1977528393","https://openalex.org/W2013346221","https://openalex.org/W2037437798","https://openalex.org/W2056039982","https://openalex.org/W2062866220","https://openalex.org/W2074674497","https://openalex.org/W2095710420","https://openalex.org/W2106544729","https://openalex.org/W2121304076","https://openalex.org/W2133028381","https://openalex.org/W2135449655","https://openalex.org/W2217381370","https://openalex.org/W2406511072","https://openalex.org/W2525647582","https://openalex.org/W2527288696","https://openalex.org/W2552895678","https://openalex.org/W2580183859","https://openalex.org/W2767858663","https://openalex.org/W2783687163","https://openalex.org/W2791060514","https://openalex.org/W2792284551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991142771","https://openalex.org/W1983421194","https://openalex.org/W2345934419","https://openalex.org/W1991408682","https://openalex.org/W3027541261","https://openalex.org/W3111718483","https://openalex.org/W4283397294","https://openalex.org/W2084381294","https://openalex.org/W2159568546","https://openalex.org/W3104012147"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2888742279/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Over":[1],"recent":[2],"decades,":[3,129],"Greenland":[4],"ice":[5,37,69,99,179],"sheet":[6],"surface":[7,76,111,123],"melt":[8,112,124],"has":[9],"shown":[10],"an":[11,176],"increase":[12,125,177],"both":[13],"in":[14,68,73,178,186],"intensity":[15],"and":[16,27,59,78,97,135],"spatial":[17],"extent.":[18],"Part":[19],"of":[20,36,45,57,61,64,82,104,122,132,138,192],"this":[21,49],"water":[22,83,139,164],"probably":[23],"reaches":[24],"the":[25,39,43,54,80,86,102,127,130,136,142,150,167,182,189],"bed":[26,87,143,168],"can":[28],"enhance":[29],"glacier":[30,107],"speed,":[31],"advecting":[32],"a":[33,46,93,105,116],"larger":[34],"volume":[35],"into":[38,181],"ablation":[40,183],"area.":[41],"In":[42],"context":[44],"warming":[47],"climate,":[48],"mechanism":[50],"could":[51],"contribute":[52],"to":[53,84,109,140,157,165,175],"future":[55],"rate":[56],"thinning":[58],"retreat":[60],"land-terminating":[62,193],"glaciers":[63],"Greenland.":[65],"These":[66],"changes":[67],"flow":[70,100],"conditions":[71],"will":[72,162,173],"turn":[74],"influence":[75],"crevassing":[77],"thus":[79],"ability":[81,137],"reach":[85,141,166],"at":[88,169],"higher":[89,170],"elevations.":[90,171],"Here,":[91],"using":[92],"coupled":[94],"basal":[95],"hydrology":[96],"prognostic":[98],"model,":[101],"evolution":[103,131],"Greenland-type":[106],"subject":[108],"increasing":[110],"is":[113,144,155],"studied":[114],"over":[115,126],"few":[117],"decades.":[118],"For":[119],"different":[120],"scenarios":[121],"next":[128],"crevassed":[133],"areas":[134],"inferred.":[145],"Our":[146],"results":[147],"indicate":[148],"that":[149],"currently":[151],"observed":[152],"crevasse":[153],"distribution":[154],"likely":[156],"extend":[158],"further":[159],"upstream":[160],"which":[161],"allow":[163],"This":[172],"lead":[174],"flux":[180],"area":[184],"which,":[185],"turn,":[187],"accelerates":[188],"mass":[190],"loss":[191],"glaciers.":[194]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2888742279","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T01:29:50.605647","created_date":"2018-08-31"},"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1857564753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054","title":"A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise","display_name":"A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1857564753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054","mag":"1857564753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2015.00054/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2015.00054/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024755265","display_name":"Matthias Huss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Huss","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland","Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062331469","display_name":"Regine Hock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I2802090665"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regine Hock","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024755265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154338468","https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":275,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"global glacier change","score":0.7998},{"keyword":"sea-level sea-level","score":0.4847},{"keyword":"rise","score":0.2709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.8324758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171289182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690578","display_name":"Glacier ice accumulation","level":5,"score":0.6826153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193091731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3428388","display_name":"Accumulation zone","level":5,"score":0.64895946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.56976545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.54391694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5354823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84548589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556920","display_name":"Glacier terminus","level":5,"score":0.52510273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.47972932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76856502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322152","display_name":"Ablation zone","level":3,"score":0.46453124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74501621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465","display_name":"Sea level","level":2,"score":0.44624797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777774347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841083","display_name":"Sea level rise","level":3,"score":0.42147812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4093949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3356532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.30126005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.25652614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.25273275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.24881163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.18901768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.14994127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10801846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2015.00054/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34c75349262b4a1a967a6397d53c7f1d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/107708","pdf_url":"https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/107708/2/feart-03-00054.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ETH Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270216","pdf_url":"https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:888144/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402042","display_name":"Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","host_organization_name":"Uppsala University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Uppsala University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/257936/files/hus_nmg.pdf","pdf_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/257936/files/hus_nmg.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400148","display_name":"reroDoc Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Organization for Nuclear Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2015.00054/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595152256","display_name":"Frontiers in Earth Science","issn_l":"2296-6463","issn":["2296-6463"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.79},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.13}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545825878","https://openalex.org/W1624800071","https://openalex.org/W1858207246","https://openalex.org/W1970479929","https://openalex.org/W1976037682","https://openalex.org/W1979166080","https://openalex.org/W1981539924","https://openalex.org/W1982359384","https://openalex.org/W1986000350","https://openalex.org/W1991243357","https://openalex.org/W1995028739","https://openalex.org/W2002841870","https://openalex.org/W2005873199","https://openalex.org/W2010640501","https://openalex.org/W2014341121","https://openalex.org/W2022884364","https://openalex.org/W2024966118","https://openalex.org/W2026018392","https://openalex.org/W2030857646","https://openalex.org/W2048955900","https://openalex.org/W2056979406","https://openalex.org/W2056985021","https://openalex.org/W2065821457","https://openalex.org/W2067349434","https://openalex.org/W2071954191","https://openalex.org/W2074658733","https://openalex.org/W2075098614","https://openalex.org/W2075493219","https://openalex.org/W2076450862","https://openalex.org/W2082835915","https://openalex.org/W2090266865","https://openalex.org/W2092934455","https://openalex.org/W2103963451","https://openalex.org/W2116141163","https://openalex.org/W2119284220","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2124721412","https://openalex.org/W2128974637","https://openalex.org/W2138016351","https://openalex.org/W2140888393","https://openalex.org/W2142192031","https://openalex.org/W2143514530","https://openalex.org/W2150680082","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2151261743","https://openalex.org/W2158332563","https://openalex.org/W2158803142","https://openalex.org/W2159092220","https://openalex.org/W2159225273","https://openalex.org/W2160542160","https://openalex.org/W2169578827","https://openalex.org/W2171984413","https://openalex.org/W2172030124","https://openalex.org/W2317374582","https://openalex.org/W2327158536","https://openalex.org/W4234526558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029561393","https://openalex.org/W4387340534","https://openalex.org/W2401514164","https://openalex.org/W3097216428","https://openalex.org/W960989969","https://openalex.org/W2605646002","https://openalex.org/W4243395115","https://openalex.org/W2316561023","https://openalex.org/W2593447986","https://openalex.org/W3196280904"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1857564753/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51],"anticipated":[1],"retreat":[2],"of":[3,15,42,113,157,176],"glaciers":[4,44],"around":[5],"the":[6,13,26,37,48,94,103,105,199],"globe":[7],"will":[8],"pose":[9],"far-reaching":[10],"challenges":[11],"to":[12,22,61,123,182,191],"management":[14],"fresh":[16],"water":[17],"resources":[18],"and":[19,68,73,85,97,117,164,180],"significantly":[20],"contribute":[21],"sea-level":[23,124,132,150],"rise":[24,192],"within":[25],"coming":[27],"decades.":[28],"Here,":[29],"we":[30,126],"present":[31],"a":[32,108,149],"new":[33],"model":[34,106,147],"for":[35,70,128,174],"calculating":[36,120],"21st":[38],"century":[39],"mass":[40,58],"changes":[41],"all":[43],"on":[45,102,201,205],"Earth":[46],"outside":[47],"ice":[49,129,202],"sheets.":[50],"Global":[52,89],"Glacier":[53],"Evolution":[54],"Model":[55],"(GloGEM)":[56],"includes":[57],"loss":[59,112],"due":[60],"frontal":[62,171],"ablation":[63,172,178],"at":[64],"marine-terminating":[65],"glacier":[66,71,110,121,140,207],"fronts":[67],"accounts":[69],"advance/retreat":[72],"surface":[74],"Elevation":[75],"changes.":[76],"Simulations":[77],"are":[78,189],"driven":[79],"with":[80],"monthly":[81],"near-surface":[82],"air":[83],"temperature":[84],"precipitation":[86],"from":[87],"14":[88],"Circulation":[90],"Models":[91],"forced":[92],"by":[93,142,170,193],"RCP2.6,":[95],"RCP4.5":[96],"RCP8.5":[98],"emission":[99],"scenarios.":[100],"Depending":[101],"scenario,":[104],"yields":[107],"global":[109],"volume":[111],"25-48%":[114],"between":[115],"2010":[116],"2100.":[118],"For":[119],"contribution":[122,141],"rise,":[125],"account":[127,173],"located":[130],"below":[131],"presently":[133],"displacing":[134],"ocean":[135],"water.":[136],"This":[137],"effect":[138,200],"reduces":[139],"11-14%,":[143],"so":[144],"that":[145],"our":[146],"predicts":[148],"equivalent":[151],"(multi-model":[152],"mean":[153],"+-1":[154],"standard":[155],"deviation)":[156],"79+-24":[158],"mm":[159,162,166],"(RCP2.6),":[160],"108+-28":[161],"(RCP4.5)":[163],"157+-31":[165],"(RCP8.5).":[167],"Mass":[168],"losses":[169],"10%":[175],"total":[177],"globally,":[179],"up":[181],"30%":[183],"regionally.":[184],"Regional":[185],"equilibrium":[186],"line":[187],"altitudes":[188],"projected":[190],"100-800":[194],"m":[195],"until":[196],"2100,":[197],"but":[198],"wastage":[203],"depends":[204],"initial":[206],"hypsometries.":[208]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1857564753","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2023-12-19T07:08:21.773601","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903989299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019","title":"Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble","display_name":"Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903989299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019","mag":"2903989299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/1125/2019/tc-13-1125-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/1125/2019/tc-13-1125-2019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077945407","display_name":"Harry Zekollari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["CH","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harry Zekollari","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland; now at: Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland","Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland","now at: Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024755265","display_name":"Matthias Huss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Huss","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland","Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062233160","display_name":"Daniel Farinotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-4570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Farinotti","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland","Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077945407","https://openalex.org/A5024755265","https://openalex.org/A5062233160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456","https://openalex.org/I98358874","https://openalex.org/I154338468","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2203,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2375,"provenance":"openapc"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":149,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"1125","last_page":"1146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"european alps","score":0.5636},{"keyword":"glaciers","score":0.5426},{"keyword":"euro-cordex","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.8913822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.75567925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.60219365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5093404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.50539804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.44903588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3935876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37773523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.15591288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13446686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.06573677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/1125/2019/tc-13-1125-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/396f3c5209b344cfa03db71f6ab136e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/338400","pdf_url":"https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/338400/3/tc-13-1125-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ETH Zurich"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A19701","pdf_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A19701/datastream/PDF/Zekollari-2019-Modelling_the_future_evolution_of-%28published_version%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/324674/files/hus_mfe.pdf","pdf_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/324674/files/hus_mfe.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400148","display_name":"reroDoc Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Organization for Nuclear Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/1125/2019/tc-13-1125-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.72}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1624800071","https://openalex.org/W1857564753","https://openalex.org/W1918374115","https://openalex.org/W1988213535","https://openalex.org/W1988419077","https://openalex.org/W1991308688","https://openalex.org/W1995510900","https://openalex.org/W2002755372","https://openalex.org/W2011198707","https://openalex.org/W2017724583","https://openalex.org/W2018214942","https://openalex.org/W2029072562","https://openalex.org/W2030857646","https://openalex.org/W2044648436","https://openalex.org/W2046709798","https://openalex.org/W2048573669","https://openalex.org/W2053900094","https://openalex.org/W2056985021","https://openalex.org/W2058230472","https://openalex.org/W2066833596","https://openalex.org/W2070304258","https://openalex.org/W2074444158","https://openalex.org/W2074658733","https://openalex.org/W2082835915","https://openalex.org/W2103963451","https://openalex.org/W2124545648","https://openalex.org/W2126780295","https://openalex.org/W2128974637","https://openalex.org/W2134159265","https://openalex.org/W2143514530","https://openalex.org/W2143588969","https://openalex.org/W2145077307","https://openalex.org/W2149900683","https://openalex.org/W2150948381","https://openalex.org/W2164925633","https://openalex.org/W2167476198","https://openalex.org/W2168515722","https://openalex.org/W2169578827","https://openalex.org/W2170816806","https://openalex.org/W2257859648","https://openalex.org/W2312614472","https://openalex.org/W2314094837","https://openalex.org/W2317374582","https://openalex.org/W2334239165","https://openalex.org/W2335762680","https://openalex.org/W2340022399","https://openalex.org/W2419035885","https://openalex.org/W2464254972","https://openalex.org/W2587243373","https://openalex.org/W2744754152","https://openalex.org/W2751121596","https://openalex.org/W2751190536","https://openalex.org/W2782004799","https://openalex.org/W2784513399","https://openalex.org/W2793228343","https://openalex.org/W2794731236","https://openalex.org/W2800487529","https://openalex.org/W2802934101","https://openalex.org/W2809422128","https://openalex.org/W2817575649","https://openalex.org/W2892627952","https://openalex.org/W2900912001","https://openalex.org/W2908399813","https://openalex.org/W2912459523","https://openalex.org/W2919190051","https://openalex.org/W4206815052","https://openalex.org/W4210727842","https://openalex.org/W4213327538","https://openalex.org/W4230690993","https://openalex.org/W4250119053","https://openalex.org/W4298401804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2974682659","https://openalex.org/W2379110557","https://openalex.org/W4239896294","https://openalex.org/W4316363717","https://openalex.org/W2123047059","https://openalex.org/W2741022344","https://openalex.org/W4236192235","https://openalex.org/W1679555259","https://openalex.org/W2163512316","https://openalex.org/W2342542598"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2903989299/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Glaciers":[1],"in":[2,10,52,67,83,127,152,166,199,218,241],"the":[3,11,44,57,62,68,77,117,123,128,135,163,167,171,190,206,210,248,257,284,290,300,306],"European":[4,69],"Alps":[5,70],"play":[6],"an":[7,73],"important":[8,315],"role":[9],"hydrological":[12],"cycle,":[13],"act":[14],"as":[15],"a":[16,22,202,215,237,281],"source":[17],"for":[18,56,316],"hydroelectricity":[19],"and":[20,38,89,107,142,177,221,259,274,294],"have":[21],"large":[23],"touristic":[24],"importance.":[25],"The":[26,96,120],"future":[27,63,207,242],"evolution":[28,64,121,208,319],"of":[29,42,65,76,122,147,170,189,209,286,308],"these":[30,260],"glaciers":[31,66,211,222],"is":[32,46,100,131,174,212,311],"driven":[33],"by":[34,214,228,247,256],"surface":[35,86,219],"mass":[36,87,97,105,292],"balance":[37,88,98],"ice":[39,90,164,193,287,309],"flow":[40,91,272],"processes,":[41],"which":[43,84],"latter":[45],"to":[47,156,225,313],"date":[48],"not":[49],"included":[50],"explicitly":[51,93],"regional":[53,111],"glacier":[54,125,301,318],"projections":[55],"Alps.":[58],"Here,":[59],"we":[60],"model":[61,99,113,252,269],"with":[71,102,109,144,154,299],"GloGEMflow,":[72],"extended":[74],"version":[75],"Global":[78],"Glacier":[79],"Evolution":[80],"Model":[81],"(GloGEM),":[82],"both":[85],"are":[92,223,244,262],"accounted":[94],"for.":[95],"calibrated":[101],"glacier-specific":[103],"geodetic":[104],"balances":[106],"forced":[108],"high-resolution":[110],"climate":[112,251],"(RCM)":[114],"simulations":[115],"from":[116,267],"EURO-CORDEX":[118],"ensemble.":[119],"total":[124],"volume":[126,145,194,232],"coming":[129],"decades":[130],"relatively":[132,175],"similar":[133],"under":[134,161,280],"various":[136,268],"representative":[137],"concentrations":[138],"pathways":[139],"(RCP2.6,":[140],"4.5":[141],"8.5),":[143],"losses":[146],"about":[148,179],"47":[149],"%–52":[150],"%":[151,182,231],"2050":[153],"respect":[155],"2017.":[157],"We":[158,277],"find":[159,278],"that":[160,178,279,295,305],"RCP2.6,":[162],"loss":[165,233,293],"second":[168],"part":[169],"21st":[172],"century":[173],"limited":[176,282],"one-third":[180],"(36.8":[181],"±":[183],"11.1":[184],"%,":[185],"multi-model":[186],"mean":[187],"±1σ)":[188],"present-day":[191],"(2017)":[192],"will":[195],"still":[196],"be":[197,314],"present":[198],"2100.":[200],"Under":[201],"strong":[203],"warming":[204],"(RCP8.5)":[205],"dictated":[213],"substantial":[216],"increase":[217],"melt,":[220],"projected":[224,291],"largely":[226],"disappear":[227],"2100":[229],"(94.4±4.4":[230],"vs.":[234],"2017).":[235],"For":[236],"given":[238],"RCP,":[239],"differences":[240,261],"changes":[243],"mainly":[245],"determined":[246],"driving":[249],"global":[250,317],"(GCM),":[253],"rather":[254],"than":[255,264],"RCM,":[258],"larger":[263],"those":[265],"arising":[266],"parameters":[270,273],"(e.g.":[271],"cross-section":[275],"parameterisation).":[276],"warming,":[283],"inclusion":[285,307],"dynamics":[288,310],"reduces":[289],"this":[296],"effect":[297],"increases":[298],"elevation":[302],"range,":[303],"implying":[304],"likely":[312],"projections.":[320]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2903989299","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2023-12-19T02:26:02.390877","created_date":"2018-12-22"},"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005765847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276","title":"Runoff evolution in the Swiss Alps: projections for selected high‐alpine catchments based on \u003ci\u003eENSEMBLES\u003c/i\u003e scenarios","display_name":"Runoff evolution in the Swiss Alps: projections for selected high‐alpine catchments based on \u003ci\u003eENSEMBLES\u003c/i\u003e scenarios","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005765847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276","mag":"2005765847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75830442","display_name":"Hydrological Processes","issn_l":"0885-6087","issn":["1099-1085","0885-6087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062233160","display_name":"Daniel Farinotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-4570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Farinotti","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039617507","display_name":"Stephanie Usselmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Usselmann","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024755265","display_name":"Matthias Huss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154338468","display_name":"University of Fribourg","ror":"https://ror.org/022fs9h90","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154338468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Huss","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016312261","display_name":"Andreas Bauder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-7706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bauder","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090429256","display_name":"Martin Funk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Funk","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062233160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":149,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"13","first_page":"1909","last_page":"1924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"runoff evolution","score":0.5997},{"keyword":"swiss alps","score":0.5181},{"keyword":"high-alpine","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.76079476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40675005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196","display_name":"Hydropower","level":2,"score":0.7314761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6630528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53739315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29425295","display_name":"Streamflow","level":3,"score":0.6298696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.55625975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5371272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4984014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.45521492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.4377883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.4306636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4150144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.39661032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2833321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18278924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15503761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.06720194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75830442","display_name":"Hydrological Processes","issn_l":"0885-6087","issn":["1099-1085","0885-6087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.44},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.17},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.11}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181987917","https://openalex.org/W1017921933","https://openalex.org/W1229722312","https://openalex.org/W1495677218","https://openalex.org/W1527594523","https://openalex.org/W1574148796","https://openalex.org/W1603903339","https://openalex.org/W1604151720","https://openalex.org/W1667160246","https://openalex.org/W1752626349","https://openalex.org/W1918374115","https://openalex.org/W1979538482","https://openalex.org/W1981646498","https://openalex.org/W1984597404","https://openalex.org/W1984949207","https://openalex.org/W2001833158","https://openalex.org/W2002268663","https://openalex.org/W2004602952","https://openalex.org/W2024941759","https://openalex.org/W2029387840","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2040520892","https://openalex.org/W2066295726","https://openalex.org/W2068307090","https://openalex.org/W2074672397","https://openalex.org/W2080711841","https://openalex.org/W2081346522","https://openalex.org/W2085865757","https://openalex.org/W2088569949","https://openalex.org/W2089513747","https://openalex.org/W2089684234","https://openalex.org/W2093840646","https://openalex.org/W2095895174","https://openalex.org/W2101178929","https://openalex.org/W2103963451","https://openalex.org/W2106250023","https://openalex.org/W2107310934","https://openalex.org/W2108604227","https://openalex.org/W2108614290","https://openalex.org/W2108669032","https://openalex.org/W2109816040","https://openalex.org/W2119398007","https://openalex.org/W2122934923","https://openalex.org/W2127062432","https://openalex.org/W2127271499","https://openalex.org/W2132066517","https://openalex.org/W2133115222","https://openalex.org/W2135290014","https://openalex.org/W2138244549","https://openalex.org/W2147390318","https://openalex.org/W2150668626","https://openalex.org/W2157098139","https://openalex.org/W2157168483","https://openalex.org/W2159981611","https://openalex.org/W2162280645","https://openalex.org/W2254133984","https://openalex.org/W2397028929","https://openalex.org/W2482570882","https://openalex.org/W2502759836","https://openalex.org/W2767808442","https://openalex.org/W3022095253","https://openalex.org/W4234526558","https://openalex.org/W4245728883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986018081","https://openalex.org/W2388674160","https://openalex.org/W1996766450","https://openalex.org/W3085238735","https://openalex.org/W2375685322","https://openalex.org/W4353035475","https://openalex.org/W4292086290","https://openalex.org/W1544860600","https://openalex.org/W2382746808","https://openalex.org/W2349545042"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2005765847/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,229,244],"Alps":[2],"are":[3,24,67,182],"often":[4,61],"referred":[5],"to":[6,27,69,88,160,225,237,254,268,278,283,287],"as":[7,150],"the":[8,18,21,31,36,59,81,101,104,109,122,125,132,136,172,272,290],"‘water":[9],"tower":[10],"of":[11,17,33,38,46,92,103,124,153,168,192,212,231,246,260,274],"Europe’.":[12],"In":[13,71,214],"Switzerland,":[14],"many":[15],"branches":[16],"economy,":[19],"especially":[20],"hydropower":[22],"industry,":[23],"closely":[25],"linked":[26],"and":[28,66,117,140,221,276],"dependent":[29],"on":[30,41,63,130],"availability":[32],"water.":[34],"Assessing":[35],"impact":[37],"climate":[39,118,138],"change":[40],"streamflow":[42],"runoff":[43,234],"is,":[44],"thus,":[45],"great":[47],"interest.":[48],"Major":[49],"efforts":[50],"have":[51],"already":[52],"been":[53],"made":[54],"in":[55,121,180,241],"this":[56,72],"respect,":[57],"but":[58,184],"analyses":[60,156],"focus":[62],"individual":[64],"catchments":[65,78,207],"difficult":[68],"intercompare.":[70],"article,":[73],"we":[74],"analysed":[75],"nine":[76],"high‐alpine":[77],"spread":[79],"over":[80],"Swiss":[82],"Alps,":[83],"selected":[84],"for":[85,155,205],"their":[86],"relevance":[87],"a":[89,151,165,198,209,217,258],"wide":[90],"range":[91],"morphological":[93],"characteristics.":[94],"Runoff":[95,112],"projections":[96],"were":[97],"carried":[98],"out":[99],"until":[100,289],"end":[102],"current":[105],"century":[106],"by":[107,135,197,285],"applying":[108],"Glacier":[110],"Evolution":[111],"Model":[113],"(":[114],"GERM":[115],")":[116],"scenarios":[119],"generated":[120],"framework":[123],"ENSEMBLES":[126],"project.":[127],"We":[128],"focused":[129],"assessing":[131],"uncertainty":[133],"induced":[134],"unknown":[137],"evolution":[139],"provided":[141],"general,":[142],"statistically":[143],"based":[144],"statements,":[145],"which":[146],"should":[147],"be":[148],"useful":[149],"‘rule":[152],"thumb’":[154],"addressing":[157],"questions":[158],"related":[159],"water":[161],"management.":[162],"Catchments":[163],"with":[164,188,200,208,248],"high":[166],"degree":[167,211],"glacierization":[169],"will":[170,227],"undergo":[171],"largest":[173],"changes.":[174],"General":[175],"statements":[176],"about":[177],"absolute":[178],"variations":[179],"discharge":[181,280],"unreliable,":[183],"an":[185,189],"overall":[186],"pattern,":[187],"initial":[190],"phase":[191,199],"increased":[193],"annual":[194,233,279],"discharge,":[195,202],"followed":[196],"decreasing":[201],"is":[203,235,252,281],"recognizable":[204],"all":[206,242],"significant":[210],"glacierization.":[213],"these":[215],"catchments,":[216],"transition":[218],"from":[219],"glacial":[220],"glacio‐nival":[222],"regime":[223],"types":[224],"nival":[226],"occur.":[228],"timing":[230],"maximal":[232,249],"projected":[236,282],"occur":[238,255],"before":[239],"2050":[240],"basins.":[243],"time":[245],"year":[247,291],"daily":[250],"discharges":[251],"expected":[253],"earlier":[256],"at":[257],"rate":[259],"4·4":[261],"±":[262],"1·7":[263],"days":[264],"per":[265],"decade.":[266],"Compared":[267],"its":[269],"present":[270],"level,":[271],"contribution":[273],"snow‐":[275],"icemelt":[277],"drop":[284],"15":[286],"25%":[288],"2100.":[292],"Copyright":[293],"©":[294],"2011":[295],"John":[296],"Wiley":[297],"\u0026amp;":[298],"Sons,":[299],"Ltd.":[300]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005765847","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2023-12-12T02:14:51.451589","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001833158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055","title":"Modelling runoff from highly glacierized alpine drainage basins in a changing climate","display_name":"Modelling runoff from highly glacierized alpine drainage basins in a changing climate","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001833158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055","mag":"2001833158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75830442","display_name":"Hydrological Processes","issn_l":"0885-6087","issn":["1099-1085","0885-6087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024755265","display_name":"Matthias Huss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Huss","raw_affiliation_string":"Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062233160","display_name":"Daniel Farinotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-4570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Farinotti","raw_affiliation_string":"Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016312261","display_name":"Andreas Bauder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-7706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Bauder","raw_affiliation_string":"Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090429256","display_name":"Martin Funk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Funk","raw_affiliation_string":"Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie (VAW), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024755265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":333,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"19","first_page":"3888","last_page":"3902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"alpine drainage basins","score":0.6853},{"keyword":"runoff","score":0.5035},{"keyword":"climate","score":0.338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.8881891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.765355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.66909397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.66626185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6645369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.6125089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5924396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127045886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528741","display_name":"Glacier mass balance","level":3,"score":0.5830288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66465714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148989","display_name":"Water balance","level":2,"score":0.52046275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.49775198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.47410637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.44851708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64649846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754697","display_name":"Snowmelt","level":3,"score":0.43839282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24749216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780157","display_name":"Runoff model","level":3,"score":0.4353939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124203675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320048","display_name":"Runoff curve number","level":3,"score":0.42699605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.4227448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.42080227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32478458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.11245826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.10500893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08183357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.06798905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75830442","display_name":"Hydrological Processes","issn_l":"0885-6087","issn":["1099-1085","0885-6087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.68}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204338060","https://openalex.org/W1229722312","https://openalex.org/W1496927006","https://openalex.org/W1624800071","https://openalex.org/W1630283746","https://openalex.org/W1948103299","https://openalex.org/W1966264361","https://openalex.org/W1977065154","https://openalex.org/W1984949207","https://openalex.org/W1986000350","https://openalex.org/W2011652930","https://openalex.org/W2011896161","https://openalex.org/W2023608810","https://openalex.org/W2023727230","https://openalex.org/W2029369182","https://openalex.org/W2029387840","https://openalex.org/W2030639724","https://openalex.org/W2033904036","https://openalex.org/W2035443727","https://openalex.org/W2037251779","https://openalex.org/W2037951271","https://openalex.org/W2038545209","https://openalex.org/W2040520892","https://openalex.org/W2056823005","https://openalex.org/W2069396853","https://openalex.org/W2074672397","https://openalex.org/W2080067931","https://openalex.org/W2089684234","https://openalex.org/W2094345026","https://openalex.org/W2097535241","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2106250023","https://openalex.org/W2119564397","https://openalex.org/W2127062432","https://openalex.org/W2132066517","https://openalex.org/W2143514530","https://openalex.org/W2147390318","https://openalex.org/W2168895496","https://openalex.org/W2173603700","https://openalex.org/W2175063151","https://openalex.org/W2280717024","https://openalex.org/W3022095253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2223790707","https://openalex.org/W4366442077","https://openalex.org/W2147408478","https://openalex.org/W2754626792","https://openalex.org/W2842126725","https://openalex.org/W146018078","https://openalex.org/W4233489148","https://openalex.org/W2392512544","https://openalex.org/W3034477078","https://openalex.org/W2245618977"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2001833158/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75],"future":[1,187],"runoff":[2,46,73,99,107,140,163,171,190],"from":[3,37,87,108,124,191],"three":[4],"highly":[5],"glacierized":[6],"alpine":[7,193],"catchments":[8],"is":[9,77,117,159],"assessed":[10],"for":[11,28,63],"the":[12,20,29,109,120,135,146,153,170,181],"period":[13],"2007–2100":[14],"using":[15,52,81],"a":[16,53,102],"glacio-hydrological":[17],"model":[18,76],"including":[19],"change":[21,31,138],"in":[22,32,49,65,162,172],"glacier":[23,66,154],"coverage.":[24],"We":[25],"apply":[26],"scenarios":[27],"seasonal":[30],"temperature":[33],"and":[34,45,57,68,72,79,95,97,134,142,166,174,185],"precipitation":[35],"derived":[36,86],"regional":[38],"climate":[39,137,151],"models.":[40],"Glacier":[41],"surface":[42,69],"mass":[43],"balance":[44],"are":[47],"calculated":[48],"daily":[50],"time-steps":[51],"distributed":[54],"temperature-index":[55],"melt":[56],"accumulation":[58],"model.":[59],"Model":[60],"components":[61],"account":[62],"changes":[64,85,188],"extent":[67],"elevation,":[70],"evaporation":[71],"routing.":[74],"calibrated":[78],"validated":[80],"decadal":[82],"ice":[83],"volume":[84],"four":[88],"digital":[89],"elevation":[90],"models":[91],"(DEMs)":[92],"between":[93],"1962":[94],"2006,":[96],"monthly":[98],"measured":[100],"at":[101],"gauging":[103],"station":[104],"(1979–2006).":[105],"Annual":[106],"drainage":[110,194],"basins":[111],"shows":[112],"an":[113,160],"initial":[114],"increase":[115,161],"which":[116],"due":[118],"to":[119],"release":[121],"of":[122,183],"water":[123],"glacial":[125],"storage.":[126],"After":[127],"some":[128],"decades,":[129],"depending":[130],"on":[131,189],"catchment":[132],"characteristics":[133],"applied":[136],"scenario,":[139],"stabilizes":[141],"then":[143],"drops":[144],"below":[145],"current":[147],"level.":[148],"In":[149],"all":[150],"projections,":[152],"area":[155],"shrinks":[156],"dramatically.":[157],"There":[158],"during":[164],"spring":[165],"early":[167],"summer,":[168],"whereas":[169],"July":[173],"August":[175],"decreases":[176],"significantly.":[177],"This":[178],"study":[179],"highlights":[180],"impact":[182],"glaciers":[184],"their":[186],"high":[192],"basins.":[195],"Copyright":[196],"©":[197],"2008":[198],"John":[199],"Wiley":[200],"\u0026":[201],"Sons,":[202],"Ltd.":[203]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001833158","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2023-12-12T23:16:25.869259","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968247562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012","title":"Description of a hybrid ice sheet-shelf model, and application to Antarctica","display_name":"Description of a hybrid ice sheet-shelf model, and application to Antarctica","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968247562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012","mag":"1968247562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/5/1273/2012/gmd-5-1273-2012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/5/1273/2012/gmd-5-1273-2012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075221789","display_name":"David Pollard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-362X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Pollard","raw_affiliation_string":"Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001243017","display_name":"Robert M. DeConto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2800-6466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500","https://openalex.org/I2802841742"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M. DeConto","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts Amherst  MA USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts Amherst  MA USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":179,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"1273","last_page":"1295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"antarctica","score":0.5037},{"keyword":"sheet-shelf","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.8003001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.71094763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.6430266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180705331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707848","display_name":"Deglaciation","level":3,"score":0.63498974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.52823895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.50382704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.44686854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.41923854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37539428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.31323183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.28440168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.21251917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.18521598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11405668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07558563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/5/1273/2012/gmd-5-1273-2012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-1077-2012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/5/1273/2012/gmd-5-1273-2012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.85}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81594258","https://openalex.org/W1552329212","https://openalex.org/W1553005670","https://openalex.org/W1558742170","https://openalex.org/W1631559605","https://openalex.org/W1637436322","https://openalex.org/W1668798415","https://openalex.org/W1781084009","https://openalex.org/W1801261031","https://openalex.org/W1816911260","https://openalex.org/W1966397082","https://openalex.org/W1967174588","https://openalex.org/W1971799755","https://openalex.org/W1972421701","https://openalex.org/W1972457997","https://openalex.org/W1973879860","https://openalex.org/W1975963243","https://openalex.org/W1981187225","https://openalex.org/W1981485105","https://openalex.org/W1982112066","https://openalex.org/W1983806650","https://openalex.org/W1987746837","https://openalex.org/W1989177281","https://openalex.org/W1990062406","https://openalex.org/W1991463793","https://openalex.org/W1993091516","https://openalex.org/W1997494259","https://openalex.org/W2001371481","https://openalex.org/W2001669024","https://openalex.org/W2003500228","https://openalex.org/W2004080653","https://openalex.org/W2004116736","https://openalex.org/W2004244703","https://openalex.org/W2005866531","https://openalex.org/W2007414044","https://openalex.org/W2010657574","https://openalex.org/W2013291761","https://openalex.org/W2014815515","https://openalex.org/W2016667544","https://openalex.org/W2017717160","https://openalex.org/W2019483474","https://openalex.org/W2020074410","https://openalex.org/W2020899321","https://openalex.org/W2025865560","https://openalex.org/W2027366906","https://openalex.org/W2028676830","https://openalex.org/W2028962414","https://openalex.org/W2033325642","https://openalex.org/W2035991385","https://openalex.org/W2044150370","https://openalex.org/W2046146206","https://openalex.org/W2046172844","https://openalex.org/W2047576107","https://openalex.org/W2047758248","https://openalex.org/W2047970690","https://openalex.org/W2049072527","https://openalex.org/W2049458304","https://openalex.org/W2051791629","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2062255182","https://openalex.org/W2062474226","https://openalex.org/W2063807609","https://openalex.org/W2065112081","https://openalex.org/W2071031409","https://openalex.org/W2072667640","https://openalex.org/W2072844010","https://openalex.org/W2074272083","https://openalex.org/W2080702627","https://openalex.org/W2081390650","https://openalex.org/W2084481702","https://openalex.org/W2086639355","https://openalex.org/W2088042851","https://openalex.org/W2089722158","https://openalex.org/W2090685404","https://openalex.org/W2091566445","https://openalex.org/W2094093518","https://openalex.org/W2094410479","https://openalex.org/W2096090902","https://openalex.org/W2097317468","https://openalex.org/W2100669105","https://openalex.org/W2104275055","https://openalex.org/W2104467800","https://openalex.org/W2104866858","https://openalex.org/W2108001777","https://openalex.org/W2109934387","https://openalex.org/W2112265933","https://openalex.org/W2115178268","https://openalex.org/W2121304076","https://openalex.org/W2122297914","https://openalex.org/W2122527296","https://openalex.org/W2123042467","https://openalex.org/W2124508572","https://openalex.org/W2126030534","https://openalex.org/W2127521102","https://openalex.org/W2130272322","https://openalex.org/W2130423791","https://openalex.org/W2136058633","https://openalex.org/W2140477756","https://openalex.org/W2141195363","https://openalex.org/W2142327930","https://openalex.org/W2145016426","https://openalex.org/W2147733380","https://openalex.org/W2150224857","https://openalex.org/W2152651437","https://openalex.org/W2154903428","https://openalex.org/W2161565194","https://openalex.org/W2161823728","https://openalex.org/W2162249237","https://openalex.org/W2163298292","https://openalex.org/W2166166390","https://openalex.org/W2168073072","https://openalex.org/W2169971095","https://openalex.org/W2176508502","https://openalex.org/W2321362043","https://openalex.org/W4214634751","https://openalex.org/W4232223208","https://openalex.org/W4238497134","https://openalex.org/W4242002770","https://openalex.org/W4306293736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668666616","https://openalex.org/W4255854105","https://openalex.org/W4322001456","https://openalex.org/W4246818303","https://openalex.org/W1617430653","https://openalex.org/W2093611208","https://openalex.org/W1990062406","https://openalex.org/W2046020892","https://openalex.org/W2596821298","https://openalex.org/W2274232598"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1968247562/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"The":[1,11,103],"formulation":[2],"of":[3,32,72,105],"a":[4,29],"3-D":[5],"ice":[6,36,42,45,54,106],"sheet-shelf":[7],"model":[8,12,74],"is":[9,13,116],"described.":[10],"designed":[14],"for":[15,41,82],"long-term":[16],"continental-scale":[17],"applications,":[18],"and":[19,37,47,70,89],"has":[20],"been":[21],"used":[22],"mostly":[23],"in":[24,77],"paleoclimatic":[25],"studies.":[26],"It":[27],"uses":[28],"hybrid":[30],"combination":[31],"the":[33,73,92,109],"scaled":[34],"shallow":[35,38],"shelf":[39],"approximations":[40],"flow.":[43],"Floating":[44],"shelves":[46],"grounding-line":[48],"migration":[49],"are":[50,75,85,97],"included,":[51],"with":[52,87,99],"parameterized":[53],"fluxes":[55],"at":[56],"grounding":[57],"lines":[58],"that":[59],"allows":[60],"relatively":[61],"coarse":[62],"resolutions":[63],"to":[64,112],"be":[65],"used.":[66],"All":[67],"significant":[68],"components":[69],"parameterizations":[71],"described":[76],"some":[78],"detail.":[79],"Basic":[80],"results":[81],"modern":[83],"Antarctica":[84],"compared":[86,98],"observations,":[88],"simulations":[90],"over":[91],"last":[93,110],"5":[94],"million":[95],"years":[96],"previously":[100],"published":[101],"results.":[102],"sensitivity":[104],"volumes":[107],"during":[108],"deglaciation":[111],"basal":[113],"sliding":[114],"coefficients":[115],"discussed.":[117]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968247562","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T05:47:39.560007","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766130772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018","title":"A confined–unconfined aquifer model for subglacial hydrology and its application to the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream","display_name":"A confined–unconfined aquifer model for subglacial hydrology and its application to the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766130772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018","mag":"2766130772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3931/2018/tc-12-3931-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3931/2018/tc-12-3931-2018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067654125","display_name":"Sebastian Beyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3731-0278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60200437","display_name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03e8s1d88","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I60200437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315704651","display_name":"Leibniz Association","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6r0e97","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Beyer","raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03,\n14412 Potsdam, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany","Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03,\n14412 Potsdam, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075768438","display_name":"Thomas Kleiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-5765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kleiner","raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058783170","display_name":"Vadym Aizinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1061-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"University of Erlangen-Nuremberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vadym Aizinger","raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany","Department of Mathematics, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027032499","display_name":"Martin Rückamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-7238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Rückamp","raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064422296","display_name":"Angelika Humbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-8760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angelika Humbert","raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany","Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067654125","https://openalex.org/A5075768438","https://openalex.org/A5058783170","https://openalex.org/A5027032499","https://openalex.org/A5064422296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60200437","https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I180437899"],"apc_list":{"value":1460,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1574,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1456,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1570,"provenance":"openapc"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":14,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"3931","last_page":"3947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"northeast greenland ice stream","score":0.6575},{"keyword":"confined–unconfined aquifer model","score":0.6283},{"keyword":"subglacial hydrology","score":0.5767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7935822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.6733825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.57488286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.5535972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.52372533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63184880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2783041","display_name":"Hydraulic conductivity","level":3,"score":0.51892877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.47611126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.44583064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.2373763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.22566247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.22548687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21186602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.20862085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.19192258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3931/2018/tc-12-3931-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/48794/1/tc-12-3931-2018.pdf","pdf_url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/48794/1/tc-12-3931-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400378","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799732068","host_organization_name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799732068"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Prince Alfred Hospital"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018","pdf_url":"https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3931/2018/tc-12-3931-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169796457","display_name":"The Cryosphere","issn_l":"1994-0416","issn":["1994-0424","1994-0416"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.87}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1541597243","https://openalex.org/W1841220915","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1993815857","https://openalex.org/W1996198887","https://openalex.org/W2009811105","https://openalex.org/W2018797216","https://openalex.org/W2038031218","https://openalex.org/W2040992031","https://openalex.org/W2045950971","https://openalex.org/W2055082389","https://openalex.org/W2056039982","https://openalex.org/W2056753208","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2084338493","https://openalex.org/W2085734736","https://openalex.org/W2089472398","https://openalex.org/W2089567445","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2099370652","https://openalex.org/W2114768743","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2168738907","https://openalex.org/W2264161424","https://openalex.org/W2281988277","https://openalex.org/W2336060340","https://openalex.org/W2504838254","https://openalex.org/W2525647582","https://openalex.org/W2569039531","https://openalex.org/W2621107660","https://openalex.org/W2735264555","https://openalex.org/W2767858663","https://openalex.org/W2898451198","https://openalex.org/W4229786028","https://openalex.org/W4234337445","https://openalex.org/W4238667893","https://openalex.org/W4241060117","https://openalex.org/W4241953494","https://openalex.org/W4244433217","https://openalex.org/W4247579844","https://openalex.org/W4250505018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319810890","https://openalex.org/W2808043102","https://openalex.org/W4249762426","https://openalex.org/W270217356","https://openalex.org/W2101933158","https://openalex.org/W1930707394","https://openalex.org/W2015094350","https://openalex.org/W68773725","https://openalex.org/W2944704965","https://openalex.org/W2162081980"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2766130772/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Subglacial":[1],"hydrology":[2,168],"plays":[3],"an":[4,80,145],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,75,122,179,182],"ice":[8,160],"sheet":[9],"dynamics":[10],"as":[11,49],"it":[12,92],"determines":[13],"the":[14,22,108,126,131,136,139,159,163,167,170,183],"sliding":[15],"velocity.":[16],"It":[17],"also":[18],"drives":[19],"freshwater":[20],"into":[21],"ocean,":[23],"leading":[24],"to":[25,106,138],"undercutting":[26],"of":[27,60,79,87,96,110,117,124,130,149],"calving":[28],"fronts":[29],"by":[30,57,68],"plumes.":[31],"Modeling":[32],"subglacial":[33,51],"water":[34,55],"has":[35],"been":[36,46],"a":[37,70,76],"challenge":[38],"for":[39],"decades.":[40],"Only":[41],"recently":[42],"have":[43],"new":[44],"approaches":[45],"developed":[47],"such":[48],"representing":[50],"channels":[52],"and":[53,128],"thin":[54],"sheets":[56],"separate":[58],"layers":[59],"variable":[61],"hydraulic":[62],"conductivity.":[63],"We":[64,102],"extend":[65],"this":[66,88],"concept":[67],"modeling":[69],"confined–unconfined":[71],"aquifer":[72],"system":[73,147],"(CUAS)":[74],"single":[77],"layer":[78],"equivalent":[81],"porous":[82],"medium":[83],"(EPM).":[84],"The":[85,114],"advantage":[86],"formulation":[89],"is":[90],"that":[91],"prevents":[93],"unphysical":[94],"values":[95],"pressure":[97,165],"at":[98],"reasonable":[99],"computational":[100],"cost.":[101],"performed":[103],"sensitivity":[104],"tests":[105],"investigate":[107],"effect":[109],"different":[111],"model":[112,118,137],"parameters.":[113],"strongest":[115],"influence":[116],"parameters":[119],"was":[120,152],"detected":[121],"terms":[123],"governing":[125],"opening":[127],"closure":[129],"system.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"we":[134],"applied":[135],"Northeast":[140],"Greenland":[141],"Ice":[142,171],"Stream,":[143],"where":[144],"efficient":[146],"independent":[148],"seasonal":[150],"input":[151],"identified":[153],"about":[154],"500":[155],"km":[156],"downstream":[157],"from":[158,166],"divide.":[161],"Using":[162],"effective":[164],"model,":[169],"Sheet":[172],"System":[173],"Model":[174],"(ISSM)":[175],"showed":[176],"considerable":[177],"improvements":[178],"modeled":[180],"velocities":[181],"coastal":[184],"region.":[185]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2766130772","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2023-12-12T11:32:28.424994","created_date":"2017-11-10"},"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2515437216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3","title":"Inversion of a glacier hydrology model","display_name":"Inversion of a glacier hydrology model","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2515437216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3","mag":"2515437216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B0468287399CE6B538FA834AB3B77341/S0260305516000033a.pdf/div-class-title-inversion-of-a-glacier-hydrology-model-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206570889","display_name":"Annals of Glaciology","issn_l":"0260-3055","issn":["1727-5644","0260-3055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B0468287399CE6B538FA834AB3B77341/S0260305516000033a.pdf/div-class-title-inversion-of-a-glacier-hydrology-model-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045840409","display_name":"Douglas Brinkerhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-774X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas J. Brinkerhoff","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042908854","display_name":"Colin Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-1881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin R. Meyer","raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University,#N#Cambridge, MA, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University,#N#Cambridge, MA, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012302552","display_name":"Ed Bueler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-4145"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ed Bueler","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002090716","display_name":"Martin Truffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-7043"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Truffer","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047873858","display_name":"T. C. Bartholomaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-6720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16452829","https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy C. Bartholomaus","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":14,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"72","first_page":"84","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"glacier hydrology model","score":0.9045},{"keyword":"inversion","score":0.3508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.780558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.77676237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.5096011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.45436576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.45123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.43811765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.42062145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.17396265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09510499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B0468287399CE6B538FA834AB3B77341/S0260305516000033a.pdf/div-class-title-inversion-of-a-glacier-hydrology-model-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206570889","display_name":"Annals of Glaciology","issn_l":"0260-3055","issn":["1727-5644","0260-3055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B0468287399CE6B538FA834AB3B77341/S0260305516000033a.pdf/div-class-title-inversion-of-a-glacier-hydrology-model-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206570889","display_name":"Annals of Glaciology","issn_l":"0260-3055","issn":["1727-5644","0260-3055"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.19},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.18},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.13}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108276905","https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W134562466","https://openalex.org/W292695685","https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1512208174","https://openalex.org/W1541597243","https://openalex.org/W1542168337","https://openalex.org/W1556203767","https://openalex.org/W1611860638","https://openalex.org/W1622283437","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1646216364","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1995780830","https://openalex.org/W2006993102","https://openalex.org/W2007993657","https://openalex.org/W2018254568","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2035608678","https://openalex.org/W2047456487","https://openalex.org/W2047482128","https://openalex.org/W2057426876","https://openalex.org/W2060233152","https://openalex.org/W2079847387","https://openalex.org/W2080266641","https://openalex.org/W2089567445","https://openalex.org/W2095710420","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2130406797","https://openalex.org/W2135449655","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2150668626","https://openalex.org/W2161017950","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2168738907","https://openalex.org/W2170570389","https://openalex.org/W2327332171","https://openalex.org/W2329770286","https://openalex.org/W4230799597","https://openalex.org/W4237639194","https://openalex.org/W4295660562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1652433593","https://openalex.org/W4252257704","https://openalex.org/W2920143826","https://openalex.org/W2059675488","https://openalex.org/W2067675936","https://openalex.org/W2087866205","https://openalex.org/W1679306167","https://openalex.org/W2002699543","https://openalex.org/W2090030785","https://openalex.org/W2060721995"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2515437216/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1],"subglacial":[2,46,176],"hydrologic":[3],"system":[4,24,167],"exerts":[5],"strong":[6],"controls":[7],"on":[8,96],"the":[9,12,16,20,72,90,97,106,123,152,160,165,169,189,193],"dynamics":[10],"of":[11,22,36,45,50,92,116,125,137,143,162,171,195],"overlying":[13],"ice,":[14],"yet":[15],"parameters":[17],"that":[18,122,158],"govern":[19],"evolution":[21],"this":[23],"are":[25,136,178],"not":[26,104],"widely":[27],"known":[28],"or":[29],"observable.":[30],"To":[31,65],"gain":[32],"a":[33,41,82,113,138],"better":[34],"understanding":[35],"these":[37],"parameters,":[38,68],"we":[39,69,80],"invert":[40],"spatially":[42],"averaged":[43],"model":[44],"hydrology":[47],"from":[48,89],"observations":[49,187],"ice":[51],"surface":[52,185],"velocity":[53,186],"and":[54,133,168,175,188,200],"outlet":[55],"stream":[56],"discharge":[57],"at":[58],"Kennicott":[59],"Glacier,":[60],"Wrangell":[61],"Mountains,":[62],"AK,":[63],"USA.":[64],"identify":[66],"independent":[67],"formally":[70],"non-dimensionalize":[71],"forward":[73],"model.":[74],"After":[75],"specifying":[76],"suitable":[77],"prior":[78],"distributions,":[79],"use":[81],"Markov-chain":[83],"Monte":[84],"Carlo":[85],"algorithm":[86],"to":[87,128,182],"sample":[88],"distribution":[91],"parameter":[93,109],"values":[94],"conditioned":[95],"available":[98],"data.":[99],"This":[100],"procedure":[101],"gives":[102],"us":[103],"only":[105],"most":[107],"probable":[108],"values,":[110],"but":[111],"also":[112,150,156],"rigorous":[114],"estimate":[115],"their":[117],"covariance":[118],"structure.":[119],"We":[120,155],"find":[121,157],"opening":[124],"cavities":[126],"due":[127],"sliding":[129],"over":[130],"basal":[131],"topography":[132],"turbulent":[134,148],"melting":[135,149],"similar":[139],"magnitude":[140],"during":[141],"periods":[142],"large":[144],"input":[145,199],"flux,":[146],"though":[147],"exhibits":[151],"greatest":[153],"uncertainty.":[154],"both":[159,184],"storage":[161],"water":[163,172],"in":[164,180,192],"englacial":[166,174],"exchange":[170],"between":[173,198],"systems":[177],"necessary":[179],"order":[181],"explain":[183],"relative":[190],"attenuation":[191],"amplitude":[194],"diurnal":[196],"signals":[197],"output":[201],"flux":[202],"observations.":[203]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2515437216","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-17T11:28:43.390414","created_date":"2016-09-16"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1541597243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015","title":"Mass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.6","display_name":"Mass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.6","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1541597243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015","mag":"1541597243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/8/1613/2015/gmd-8-1613-2015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/8/1613/2015/gmd-8-1613-2015.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012302552","display_name":"Ed Bueler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I2802090665"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Bueler","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003355095","display_name":"Ward van Pelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. van Pelt","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, the Netherlands; current address: Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, the Netherlands","current address: Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012302552","https://openalex.org/A5003355095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210","https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"1613","last_page":"1635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"subglacial hydrology","score":0.6929},{"keyword":"mass-conserving","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6003934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.519064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4840988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.46931148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157206272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483948","display_name":"Conservation of mass","level":2,"score":0.4156091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41252738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.36382478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.335034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30346668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.27769026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.24911082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.22014725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13049504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.09761372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196735533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564","display_name":"Drift ice","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/8/1613/2015/gmd-8-1613-2015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-4705-2014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/8/1613/2015/gmd-8-1613-2015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.33},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.25},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.15}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","award_id":"NNX13AM16G"}],"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383790","https://openalex.org/W3250287","https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1540337906","https://openalex.org/W1546713700","https://openalex.org/W1555627060","https://openalex.org/W1597944220","https://openalex.org/W1635779336","https://openalex.org/W1902819800","https://openalex.org/W1915193232","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1982397860","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1983549528","https://openalex.org/W1985717720","https://openalex.org/W1990062406","https://openalex.org/W1999995018","https://openalex.org/W2002137006","https://openalex.org/W2002344630","https://openalex.org/W2018254568","https://openalex.org/W2018797216","https://openalex.org/W2020899321","https://openalex.org/W2021217022","https://openalex.org/W2023226070","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2038031218","https://openalex.org/W2046473527","https://openalex.org/W2047456487","https://openalex.org/W2047482128","https://openalex.org/W2049647879","https://openalex.org/W2054754818","https://openalex.org/W2057426876","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2080266641","https://openalex.org/W2085734736","https://openalex.org/W2088097382","https://openalex.org/W2089567445","https://openalex.org/W2092451215","https://openalex.org/W2099636211","https://openalex.org/W2106355577","https://openalex.org/W2108611747","https://openalex.org/W2110223520","https://openalex.org/W2113476442","https://openalex.org/W2120303917","https://openalex.org/W2122297914","https://openalex.org/W2135449655","https://openalex.org/W2138963913","https://openalex.org/W2161306464","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2165611953","https://openalex.org/W2169971095","https://openalex.org/W2327332171","https://openalex.org/W4231021535","https://openalex.org/W4241953494","https://openalex.org/W4242377938","https://openalex.org/W4243545326","https://openalex.org/W4244433217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1721371904","https://openalex.org/W3041088353","https://openalex.org/W4247173914","https://openalex.org/W2116549525","https://openalex.org/W2981524799","https://openalex.org/W3127939316","https://openalex.org/W315636501","https://openalex.org/W2767493014","https://openalex.org/W2285735923","https://openalex.org/W247331267"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1541597243/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"We":[1,132,151,174],"describe":[2],"and":[3,25,57,74,122,148,161],"test":[4],"a":[5,14,68,83,101,142],"two-horizontal-dimension":[6],"subglacial":[7,110],"hydrology":[8,201],"model":[9,81,94,104,116,126,177],"which":[10,21],"combines":[11],"till":[12],"with":[13,195],"distributed":[15],"system":[16],"of":[17,32,48,51,55,71,86,95,109,117,127,156,166,184],"water-filled,":[18],"linked":[19],"cavities":[20],"open":[22],"through":[23,27],"sliding":[24],"close":[26],"ice":[28,188],"creep.":[29],"The":[30,80],"addition":[31],"this":[33],"sub-model":[34],"to":[35],"the":[36,49,90,113,124,137,157,176,185,200],"Parallel":[37],"Ice":[38],"Sheet":[39],"Model":[40],"(PISM)":[41],"accomplishes":[42],"three":[43],"specific":[44],"goals:":[45],"(a)":[46],"conservation":[47],"mass":[50],"water,":[52],"(b)":[53],"simulation":[54],"spatially":[56],"temporally":[58],"variable":[59],"basal":[60],"shear":[61],"stress":[62],"from":[63],"physical":[64,134],"mechanisms":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67,136],"minimal":[69],"number":[70],"free":[72],"parameters,":[73],"(c)":[75],"convergence":[76],"under":[77],"grid":[78],"refinement.":[79],"is":[82],"common":[84],"generalization":[85],"four":[87],"others:":[88],"(i)":[89],"undrained":[91],"plastic":[92],"bed":[93],"Tulaczyk":[96],"et":[97,119,129],"al.":[98,120,130],"(2000b),":[99],"(ii)":[100],"standard":[102],"\"routing\"":[103],"used":[105],"for":[106,164],"identifying":[107],"locations":[108],"lakes,":[111],"(iii)":[112],"lumped":[114],"englacial–subglacial":[115],"Bartholomaus":[118],"(2011),":[121],"(iv)":[123],"elliptic-pressure-equation":[125],"Schoof":[128],"(2012).":[131],"preserve":[133],"bounds":[135],"pressure.":[138],"In":[139],"steady":[140,159],"state":[141],"functional":[143],"relationship":[144],"between":[145],"water":[146],"amount":[147],"pressure":[149],"emerges.":[150],"construct":[152],"an":[153],"exact":[154],"solution":[155],"coupled,":[158],"equations":[160],"use":[162],"it":[163],"verification":[165],"our":[167],"explicit":[168],"time":[169],"stepping,":[170],"parallel":[171],"numerical":[172],"implementation.":[173],"demonstrate":[175],"at":[178,190],"scale":[179],"by":[180],"5":[181],"year":[182],"simulations":[183],"entire":[186],"Greenland":[187],"sheet":[189],"2":[191],"km":[192],"horizontal":[193],"resolution,":[194],"one":[196],"million":[197],"nodes":[198],"in":[199],"grid.":[202]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1541597243","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T10:47:44.631453","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003842":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2525647582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003842","title":"A modeling study of the effect of runoff variability on the effective pressure beneath Russell Glacier, West Greenland","display_name":"A modeling study of the effect of runoff variability on the effective pressure beneath Russell Glacier, West Greenland","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2525647582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003842","mag":"2525647582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003842","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2016JF003842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2016JF003842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075903091","display_name":"Basile de Fleurian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-9822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Basile de Fleurian","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091477268","display_name":"Mathieu Morlighem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-1310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathieu Morlighem","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046027378","display_name":"H. L. Seroussi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helene Seroussi","raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054685597","display_name":"Eric Rignot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-0481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Rignot","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA","Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025794003","display_name":"M. R. van den Broeke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michiel R. van den Broeke","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018529540","display_name":"Peter Kuipers Munneke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-3831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kuipers Munneke","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077810495","display_name":"J. Mouginot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-5455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremie Mouginot","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055660364","display_name":"Paul Smeets","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul C. J. P. Smeets","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031184621","display_name":"Andrew Tedstone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9211-451X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Tedstone","raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"]}],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075903091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":38,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"10","first_page":"1834","last_page":"1848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"runoff variability","score":0.5782},{"keyword":"russell glacier","score":0.4897},{"keyword":"west greenland","score":0.3309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.8856021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.8058404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.75567997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.73273325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.6245172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.54495674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.5301027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171289182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690578","display_name":"Glacier ice accumulation","level":5,"score":0.5024593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.48580432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.46318293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104932425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2116384","display_name":"Glacier morphology","level":5,"score":0.4230839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.34411427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.333439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.2809879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.08589634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003842","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2016JF003842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/139513830/Full_text_PDF_final_published_version_.pdf","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/139513830/Full_text_PDF_final_published_version_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bristol"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/dd8f867d-3eb4-49a9-a156-848a0729f012","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/139513830/Full_text_PDF_final_published_version_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Bristol"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/346119","pdf_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/1874/346119/1/Fleurian.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0kb400zq","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt0kb400zq/qt0kb400zq.pdf?t=oih95c","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402430","display_name":"eScholarship University of California (University of California)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jf003842","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2016JF003842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.54},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.27}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","award_id":null}],"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W194537412","https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1520565385","https://openalex.org/W1556203767","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1827636044","https://openalex.org/W1953336936","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1977786326","https://openalex.org/W1982397860","https://openalex.org/W1993815857","https://openalex.org/W1995097038","https://openalex.org/W2007585408","https://openalex.org/W2009811105","https://openalex.org/W2014688144","https://openalex.org/W2018797216","https://openalex.org/W2021217022","https://openalex.org/W2032604011","https://openalex.org/W2037437798","https://openalex.org/W2045646640","https://openalex.org/W2049570038","https://openalex.org/W2056039982","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2085035805","https://openalex.org/W2085734736","https://openalex.org/W2087660929","https://openalex.org/W2095710420","https://openalex.org/W2096883902","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2098706036","https://openalex.org/W2120578627","https://openalex.org/W2133028381","https://openalex.org/W2133349121","https://openalex.org/W2133801239","https://openalex.org/W2144152326","https://openalex.org/W2158803142","https://openalex.org/W2164177665","https://openalex.org/W2167528619","https://openalex.org/W2337266923","https://openalex.org/W2398298764","https://openalex.org/W4231583564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893791873","https://openalex.org/W2026299813","https://openalex.org/W2047024600","https://openalex.org/W54024435","https://openalex.org/W3168667089","https://openalex.org/W2077906105","https://openalex.org/W2159568546","https://openalex.org/W2097714814","https://openalex.org/W2386226983","https://openalex.org/W1975391852"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2525647582/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Basal":[0],"sliding":[1],"is":[2,190,194,205],"a":[3,126,162],"main":[4],"control":[5],"on":[6,35,42,79,86],"glacier":[7,16],"flow":[8,85,96,176],"primarily":[9],"driven":[10],"by":[11,132],"water":[12,37],"pressure":[13,38],"at":[14,158],"the":[15,25,48,69,80,87,91,98,113,120,137,144,153,169,173,178,183,187,208],"base.":[17],"The":[18],"ongoing":[19],"increase":[20,71,154,200,210],"in":[21,40,53,72,155,201,211],"surface":[22,134],"melting":[23],"of":[24,32,50,60,90,112,146,172],"Greenland":[26],"Ice":[27],"Sheet":[28],"warrants":[29],"an":[30,57,76,199],"examination":[31],"its":[33],"impact":[34,78],"basal":[36,43],"and":[39,118,193],"turn":[41],"sliding.":[44],"Here":[45,123],"we":[46,124],"examine":[47],"case":[49],"Russell":[51],"Glacier,":[52],"West":[54],"Greenland,":[55],"where":[56],"extensive":[58],"set":[59],"observations":[61,66],"has":[62,74],"been":[63,107],"collected.":[64],"These":[65,103],"suggest":[67],"that":[68,152,186],"recent":[70],"melt":[73,121],"had":[75],"equivocal":[77],"annual":[81,175],"velocity,":[82],"with":[83,168,207],"stable":[84],"lower":[88],"part":[89],"drainage":[92,165,188],"basin":[93],"but":[94],"accelerated":[95],"above":[97],"Equilibrium":[99],"Line":[100],"Altitude":[101],"(ELA).":[102],"distinct":[104,148],"behaviors":[105],"have":[106],"attributed":[108],"to":[109,140,142,198],"different":[110],"evolutions":[111],"subglacial":[114,128],"draining":[115],"system":[116,166,189],"during":[117],"after":[119],"season.":[122],"use":[125],"high-resolution":[127],"hydrological":[129],"model":[130,184],"forced":[131],"reconstructed":[133],"runoff":[135],"for":[136],"period":[138],"2008":[139],"2012":[141],"investigate":[143],"cause":[145],"these":[147],"behaviors.":[149],"We":[150],"find":[151],"meltwater":[156,202],"production":[157],"low":[159],"elevation":[160],"yields":[161],"more":[163],"efficient":[164],"compatible":[167],"observed":[170,209],"stagnation":[171],"mean":[174],"below":[177],"ELA.":[179],"At":[180],"higher":[181],"elevation,":[182],"indicates":[185],"mostly":[191],"inefficient":[192],"therefore":[195],"strongly":[196],"sensitive":[197],"availability,":[203],"which":[204],"consistent":[206],"ice":[212],"velocity.":[213]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2525647582","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T13:54:42.561682","created_date":"2016-10-07"},"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089567445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951","title":"Modelling distributed and channelized subglacial drainage: the spacing of channels","display_name":"Modelling distributed and channelized subglacial drainage: the spacing of channels","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089567445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951","mag":"2089567445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A778FF477DC4A0255741B43041891D68/S0022143000206175a.pdf/div-class-title-modelling-distributed-and-channelized-subglacial-drainage-the-spacing-of-channels-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A778FF477DC4A0255741B43041891D68/S0022143000206175a.pdf/div-class-title-modelling-distributed-and-channelized-subglacial-drainage-the-spacing-of-channels-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081436274","display_name":"Ian Hewitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9167-6481"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian J. Hewitt","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]}],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081436274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1471,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":112,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"202","first_page":"302","last_page":"314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"subglacial drainage","score":0.7397},{"keyword":"modelling","score":0.2887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51889082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072521","display_name":"Channelized","level":2,"score":0.9408623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.82958627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.7144232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.5210283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5173642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49435735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.45203438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.24123219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.17299631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A778FF477DC4A0255741B43041891D68/S0022143000206175a.pdf/div-class-title-modelling-distributed-and-channelized-subglacial-drainage-the-spacing-of-channels-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A778FF477DC4A0255741B43041891D68/S0022143000206175a.pdf/div-class-title-modelling-distributed-and-channelized-subglacial-drainage-the-spacing-of-channels-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.52},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.16},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.14}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383790","https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W134562466","https://openalex.org/W1517433839","https://openalex.org/W1622283437","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1977385747","https://openalex.org/W1978840772","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1987139866","https://openalex.org/W1993190009","https://openalex.org/W2011695108","https://openalex.org/W2026316305","https://openalex.org/W2028948458","https://openalex.org/W2029391721","https://openalex.org/W2029486441","https://openalex.org/W2032471903","https://openalex.org/W2055072688","https://openalex.org/W2068843324","https://openalex.org/W2093744524","https://openalex.org/W2095067347","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2099887084","https://openalex.org/W2108611747","https://openalex.org/W2108808592","https://openalex.org/W2120027408","https://openalex.org/W2128568632","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2316256850","https://openalex.org/W2909604499","https://openalex.org/W4235556738","https://openalex.org/W4242377938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162457813","https://openalex.org/W2008590108","https://openalex.org/W2028907834","https://openalex.org/W2012638134","https://openalex.org/W2119255628","https://openalex.org/W3205838084","https://openalex.org/W2006125956","https://openalex.org/W4379930849","https://openalex.org/W2314337543","https://openalex.org/W2170961021"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2089567445/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Models":[1],"are":[2,63],"proposed":[3],"for":[4,163,171],"channelized":[5],"and":[6,23,45,71,120,141,167],"distributed":[7,24,80,91,134],"flow":[8,148],"of":[9,14,20,42,53,79,97,129,146,152],"meltwater":[10],"at":[11],"the":[12,43,54,76,90,95,98,115,127,147,150],"base":[13],"an":[15],"ice":[16,55],"sheet.":[17],"The":[18],"volumes":[19],"both":[21],"channel":[22,154],"systems":[25],"evolve":[26],"according":[27],"to":[28,57,66,165],"a":[29,58,84,107,153,159,169],"competition":[30],"between":[31,117],"processes":[32,46],"that":[33,47,93,112,121,156],"open":[34],"drainage":[35],"space":[36],"(e.g.":[37,50],"sliding":[38],"over":[39],"bedrock,":[40],"melting":[41],"ice)":[44],"close":[48],"it":[49,164],"viscous":[51],"creep":[52],"due":[56],"positive":[59],"effective":[60],"pressure).":[61],"Channels":[62],"generally":[64],"predicted":[65],"have":[67],"lower":[68],"water":[69,74,102],"pressure":[70],"therefore":[72,142],"capture":[73],"from":[75,100],"surrounding":[77],"regions":[78],"flow.":[81],"There":[82],"is":[83,110,158],"natural":[85],"length":[86],"scale":[87],"associated":[88],"with":[89],"system":[92,135],"determines":[94,114],"width":[96],"bed":[99],"which":[101],"can":[103,174],"be":[104,124],"drawn":[105],"into":[106,149],"channel.":[108],"It":[109],"suggested":[111],"this":[113,122],"spacing":[116,128],"major":[118],"channels":[119,173],"may":[123],"reflected":[125],"in":[126,137],"eskers.":[130],"A":[131],"more":[132,138],"permeable":[133],"results":[136],"widely":[139],"spaced,":[140],"larger,":[143],"channels.":[144],"Calculations":[145],"head":[151],"reveal":[155],"there":[157],"critical":[160],"discharge":[161],"necessary":[162],"form,":[166],"provide":[168],"criterion":[170],"where":[172],"exist.":[175]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089567445","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T02:49:52.044956","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002943":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018797216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002943","title":"Feedbacks between coupled subglacial hydrology and glacier dynamics","display_name":"Feedbacks between coupled subglacial hydrology and glacier dynamics","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018797216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002943","mag":"2018797216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002943","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2013JF002943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2013JF002943","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079326539","display_name":"Matthew J. Hoffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Hoffman","raw_affiliation_string":"Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068628691","display_name":"Stephen Price","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Price","raw_affiliation_string":"Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079326539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"3","first_page":"414","last_page":"436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"glacier dynamics","score":0.8053},{"keyword":"coupled subglacial hydrology","score":0.7541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.7703941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.73241305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.48181619999999997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.45575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180705331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707848","display_name":"Deglaciation","level":3,"score":0.44626775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.41761798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.376822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.32961655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.19234595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.110465825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002943","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2013JF002943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002943","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2013JF002943","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.59}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33608990","https://openalex.org/W64314039","https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W134562466","https://openalex.org/W292695685","https://openalex.org/W1492950700","https://openalex.org/W1540337906","https://openalex.org/W1542168337","https://openalex.org/W1578281258","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1667107626","https://openalex.org/W1965812272","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1977385747","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1983607599","https://openalex.org/W1988201156","https://openalex.org/W1991995643","https://openalex.org/W1996716614","https://openalex.org/W2002344630","https://openalex.org/W2005866531","https://openalex.org/W2009990456","https://openalex.org/W2013346221","https://openalex.org/W2016884786","https://openalex.org/W2024618751","https://openalex.org/W2026700187","https://openalex.org/W2028948458","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2036532810","https://openalex.org/W2038001330","https://openalex.org/W2044815200","https://openalex.org/W2049570038","https://openalex.org/W2050248855","https://openalex.org/W2051675253","https://openalex.org/W2056039982","https://openalex.org/W2056753208","https://openalex.org/W2057426876","https://openalex.org/W2058105122","https://openalex.org/W2058790225","https://openalex.org/W2060233152","https://openalex.org/W2060825031","https://openalex.org/W2061341555","https://openalex.org/W2071341963","https://openalex.org/W2074326665","https://openalex.org/W2076751182","https://openalex.org/W2079847387","https://openalex.org/W2082061235","https://openalex.org/W2088097382","https://openalex.org/W2089567445","https://openalex.org/W2091315867","https://openalex.org/W2099430936","https://openalex.org/W2099636211","https://openalex.org/W2105093469","https://openalex.org/W2108611747","https://openalex.org/W2114768743","https://openalex.org/W2119112145","https://openalex.org/W2120303917","https://openalex.org/W2120578627","https://openalex.org/W2124786051","https://openalex.org/W2130272322","https://openalex.org/W2130659768","https://openalex.org/W2134848729","https://openalex.org/W2135449655","https://openalex.org/W2142560141","https://openalex.org/W2143898179","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2165272100","https://openalex.org/W2168738907","https://openalex.org/W2170329098","https://openalex.org/W2313804978","https://openalex.org/W2327332171","https://openalex.org/W2331319548","https://openalex.org/W4230799597","https://openalex.org/W4242377938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979458090","https://openalex.org/W2936182216","https://openalex.org/W2016671909","https://openalex.org/W2131572855","https://openalex.org/W4232400975","https://openalex.org/W2899350928","https://openalex.org/W2610213447","https://openalex.org/W2060721995","https://openalex.org/W2090030785","https://openalex.org/W2162457813"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2018797216/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"most":[1],"glaciers":[2],"and":[3,21,54,75,91,136,151],"ice":[4,53,76,90,141],"sheet":[5],"outlets":[6],"the":[7,46,49,52,67,80,89,182,191,201,207],"majority":[8],"of":[9,18,26,48,139,164,184,190,195,219,243],"motion":[10],"is":[11,32,64,99,198,213,230],"due":[12,186],"to":[13,40,85,147,167,174,187,232],"basal":[14,19,27,42,124,140],"slip,":[15],"a":[16,161,168,175,216],"combination":[17],"sliding":[20,31,37,101],"bed":[22],"deformation.":[23],"The":[24,94],"importance":[25],"water":[28,43,55,92,111,134,154,166],"in":[29,114,181],"controlling":[30],"well":[33],"established,":[34],"with":[35,241],"increased":[36,188],"generally":[38],"related":[39],"high":[41],"pressure,":[44,135],"but":[45],"details":[47],"interactions":[50],"between":[51,66,88],"systems":[56],"has":[57],"not":[58],"received":[59],"much":[60],"study":[61],"when":[62],"there":[63],"coupling":[65],"systems.":[68,93],"Here":[69],"we":[70,97],"use":[71],"coupled":[72,157],"subglacial":[73,228],"hydrology":[74],"dynamics":[77],"models":[78],"within":[79],"Community":[81],"Ice":[82],"Sheet":[83],"Model":[84],"investigate":[86],"feedbacks":[87],"dominant":[95],"feedback":[96,209],"find":[98,119,205],"negative:":[100],"over":[102,236],"bedrock":[103],"bumps":[104],"opens":[105],"additional":[106],"cavity":[107],"space,":[108],"which":[109,132,197],"lowers":[110],"pressure":[112],"and,":[113],"turn,":[115],"sliding.":[116],"We":[117,204],"also":[118,225],"two":[120],"small":[121],"positive":[122],"feedbacks:":[123],"melt":[125],"increases":[126],"through":[127,193,200],"frictional":[128],"heat":[129],"during":[130,142],"sliding,":[131],"raises":[133],"strain":[137],"softening":[138],"localized":[143],"speedup":[144,176,234],"causes":[145],"cavities":[146],"close":[148],"more":[149],"quickly":[150],"maintain":[152],"higher":[153],"pressures.":[155],"Our":[156],"modeling":[158,224],"demonstrates":[159],"that":[160,178,206,227,238],"sustained":[162],"input":[163],"surface":[165],"distributed":[169],"drainage":[170],"system":[171,192],"can":[172],"lead":[173],"event":[177],"decays":[179],"even":[180],"absence":[183],"channelization,":[185],"capacity":[189],"opening":[194],"cavities,":[196],"enhanced":[199],"sliding-opening":[202,212],"feedback.":[203],"negative":[208],"resulting":[210],"from":[211],"robust":[214],"across":[215],"wide":[217],"range":[218],"parameter":[220],"values.":[221],"However,":[222],"our":[223],"argues":[226],"channelization":[229],"required":[231],"terminate":[233],"events":[235],"timescales":[237],"are":[239],"commensurate":[240],"observations":[242],"late":[244],"summer":[245],"slowdown":[246],"on":[247],"mountain":[248],"glaciers.":[249]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018797216","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T04:29:49.963201","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020622":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028948458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020622","title":"Testing a numerical glacial hydrological model using spring speed-up events and outburst floods","display_name":"Testing a numerical glacial hydrological model using spring speed-up events and outburst floods","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028948458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020622","mag":"2028948458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["1944-8007","0094-8276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091250106","display_name":"Mark A. Kessler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182286215","display_name":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00924z688","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182286215","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Kessler","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences University of California  Santa Cruz Califonia USA; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences University of California  Santa Cruz Califonia USA","Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado USA"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077557803","display_name":"Robert S. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2759-4833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182286215","display_name":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00924z688","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182286215","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Anderson","raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado USA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado USA"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":44,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"18","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"numerical glacial hydrological model","score":0.7627},{"keyword":"spring","score":0.3172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.78246844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.6859648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.63796765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.62614155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.44981885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.39986268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15670183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gl020622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["1944-8007","0094-8276"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.29},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.24}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W134562466","https://openalex.org/W1517433839","https://openalex.org/W1622283437","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W2047482128","https://openalex.org/W2079847387","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2141914059","https://openalex.org/W2142560141","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2170329098","https://openalex.org/W4230799597","https://openalex.org/W4246334540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986018081","https://openalex.org/W2388674160","https://openalex.org/W1996766450","https://openalex.org/W3085238735","https://openalex.org/W2375685322","https://openalex.org/W4353035475","https://openalex.org/W4292086290","https://openalex.org/W1544860600","https://openalex.org/W3185691870","https://openalex.org/W175410808"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2028948458/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2,6,77,83,89],"numerical":[3],"model":[4],"of":[5,14,31,38,47,82],"glacial‐hydrologic":[7],"system":[8,80],"that":[9],"reproduces":[10],"the":[11,29,43],"salient":[12],"features":[13],"two":[15],"hydrological":[16],"and":[17,34,42,45,74,76,88],"ice":[18,32,70],"motion":[19,71],"events":[20],"commonly":[21],"observed":[22],"on":[23],"temperate":[24],"alpine":[25],"glaciers.":[26],"These":[27,53],"include":[28],"pattern":[30],"sliding":[33,73],"water":[35,61],"discharge":[36],"characteristic":[37],"spring":[39],"speed‐up":[40],"events,":[41],"triggering":[44],"structure":[46],"outburst":[48],"floods":[49],"from":[50,56],"ice‐marginal":[51,68],"lakes.":[52],"behaviors":[54],"result":[55],"strong":[57],"internal":[58],"feedbacks":[59],"between":[60],"storage":[62],"in":[63],"englacial":[64],"macro‐pores":[65],"or":[66],"an":[67],"lake,":[69],"by":[72],"deformation,":[75],"subglacial":[78],"hydrologic":[79],"consisting":[81],"slow‐flow":[84],"linked":[85],"cavity":[86],"network":[87],"fast‐flow":[90],"centerline":[91],"conduit.":[92]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028948458","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-13T07:43:54.743517","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120578627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","title":"A numerical study of hydrologically driven glacier dynamics and subglacial flooding","display_name":"A numerical study of hydrologically driven glacier dynamics and subglacial flooding","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120578627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","mag":"2120578627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006183880","display_name":"Proceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"1364-5021","issn":["1471-2946","1364-5021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061980530","display_name":"Sam Pimentel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-1748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sam Pimentel","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045013234","display_name":"G. E. Flowers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwenn E. Flowers","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061980530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":97,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"467","issue":"2126","first_page":"537","last_page":"558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"glacier dynamics","score":0.7518},{"keyword":"subglacial flooding","score":0.6501},{"keyword":"numerical study","score":0.262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8204364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.7672163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.619235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17674248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285451","display_name":"Drainage system (geomorphology)","level":3,"score":0.57391953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.5644769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.5219228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81820708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540532","display_name":"Ice stream","level":4,"score":0.5039508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.42181906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171289182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690578","display_name":"Glacier ice accumulation","level":5,"score":0.41248208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2094746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.20875221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.1286085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.119403124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006183880","display_name":"Proceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"1364-5021","issn":["1471-2946","1364-5021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006183880","display_name":"Proceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"1364-5021","issn":["1471-2946","1364-5021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.55},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.13}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W292695685","https://openalex.org/W1578281258","https://openalex.org/W1640499177","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1667107626","https://openalex.org/W1965812272","https://openalex.org/W1970955534","https://openalex.org/W1977528393","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1986905165","https://openalex.org/W1987576086","https://openalex.org/W1989304408","https://openalex.org/W1996467838","https://openalex.org/W1996716614","https://openalex.org/W1997870649","https://openalex.org/W2000160790","https://openalex.org/W2001225097","https://openalex.org/W2003433978","https://openalex.org/W2005786608","https://openalex.org/W2005866531","https://openalex.org/W2006993102","https://openalex.org/W2008535587","https://openalex.org/W2028664135","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2033772692","https://openalex.org/W2043284444","https://openalex.org/W2044203114","https://openalex.org/W2047482128","https://openalex.org/W2047507732","https://openalex.org/W2051675253","https://openalex.org/W2056039982","https://openalex.org/W2057660933","https://openalex.org/W2058790225","https://openalex.org/W2059584835","https://openalex.org/W2063941833","https://openalex.org/W2064662278","https://openalex.org/W2066295842","https://openalex.org/W2073465465","https://openalex.org/W2074272083","https://openalex.org/W2079240338","https://openalex.org/W2079847387","https://openalex.org/W2085035805","https://openalex.org/W2094957705","https://openalex.org/W2095710420","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2099430936","https://openalex.org/W2105316603","https://openalex.org/W2106901936","https://openalex.org/W2108808592","https://openalex.org/W2109404148","https://openalex.org/W2121304076","https://openalex.org/W2130272322","https://openalex.org/W2134159265","https://openalex.org/W2135449655","https://openalex.org/W2137816126","https://openalex.org/W2138963913","https://openalex.org/W2142560141","https://openalex.org/W2143514530","https://openalex.org/W2144103629","https://openalex.org/W2149497490","https://openalex.org/W2161729395","https://openalex.org/W2166644356","https://openalex.org/W2170210609","https://openalex.org/W2170570389","https://openalex.org/W4230799597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772489487","https://openalex.org/W2043284444","https://openalex.org/W2293978434","https://openalex.org/W4241856311","https://openalex.org/W2006125956","https://openalex.org/W3018858717","https://openalex.org/W2026299813","https://openalex.org/W2135827512","https://openalex.org/W2147454773","https://openalex.org/W2159328690"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2120578627/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,72],"hydrologically":[1,83],"coupled":[2],"flowband":[3],"model":[4,170],"of":[5,44,51,62,98,105,122,165,184,197],"‘higher":[6],"order’":[7],"ice":[8,65,94,187],"dynamics":[9,95],"is":[10,39,66],"used":[11],"to":[12,17,41,137,150,161,192],"explore":[13],"perturbations":[14,149],"in":[15,135,159],"response":[16,136,160],"supraglacial":[18,167,201],"water":[19,54,59,152],"drainage":[20,26,33,37,107,119,164,177],"and":[21,31,47,93,114,117,129,146,154,189],"subglacial":[22,25,58],"flooding.":[23],"The":[24,35],"system":[27,38,50,178],"includes":[28],"interacting":[29],"‘fast’":[30],"‘slow’":[32],"elements.":[34],"fast":[36],"assumed":[40],"be":[42],"composed":[43],"ice-walled":[45],"conduits":[46],"the":[48,63,88,123,162,172,182,185,194],"slow":[49],"a":[52,142,166,175],"macroporous":[53],"sheet.":[55],"Under":[56],"high":[57],"pressures,":[60],"flexure":[61],"overlying":[64],"modelled":[67,89,134,158],"using":[68],"elastic":[69],"beam":[70],"theory.":[71],"regularized":[73],"Coulomb":[74],"friction":[75],"law":[76],"describes":[77],"basal":[78,151],"boundary":[79],"conditions":[80],"that":[81,174],"enable":[82],"driven":[84],"acceleration.":[85],"We":[86],"demonstrate":[87],"interactions":[90],"between":[91],"hydrology":[92],"by":[96],"means":[97],"three":[99],"observationally":[100],"inspired":[101],"examples:":[102],"(i)":[103],"simulations":[104],"meltwater":[106,139],"at":[108,141],"an":[109],"Alpine-type":[110],"glacier":[111],"produce":[112],"seasonal":[113],"diurnal":[115,131],"variability,":[116],"exhibit":[118],"evolution":[120],"characteristic":[121],"so-called":[124],"‘spring":[125],"transition’;":[126],"(ii)":[127],"horizontal":[128],"vertical":[130],"accelerations":[132],"are":[133,157],"summer":[138],"input":[140],"Greenland-type":[143],"outlet":[144],"glacier;":[145],"(iii)":[147],"short-lived":[148],"pressure":[153],"ice-flow":[155],"speed":[156],"prescribed":[163],"lake.":[168],"Our":[169],"supports":[171],"suggestion":[173],"channelized":[176],"can":[179],"form":[180],"beneath":[181],"margins":[183],"Greenland":[186],"sheet,":[188],"may":[190],"contribute":[191],"reducing":[193],"dynamic":[195],"impact":[196],"floods":[198],"derived":[199],"from":[200],"lakes.":[202]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2120578627","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2023-12-15T07:00:54.235104","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1492950700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146","title":"Modeling channelized and distributed subglacial drainage in two dimensions","display_name":"Modeling channelized and distributed subglacial drainage in two dimensions","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1492950700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146","mag":"1492950700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jgrf.20146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jgrf.20146","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040705908","display_name":"Mauro Werder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-9377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mauro A. Werder","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Now at School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada","Now at School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081436274","display_name":"Ian Hewitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9167-6481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian J. Hewitt","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Now at Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","Now at Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043357774","display_name":"Christian Schoof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian G. Schoof","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045013234","display_name":"G. E. Flowers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3574-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwenn E. Flowers","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"]}],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040705908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758","https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":198,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"118","issue":"4","first_page":"2140","last_page":"2158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"subglacial drainage","score":0.7405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51889082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072521","display_name":"Channelized","level":2,"score":0.95719755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.74562454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17674248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285451","display_name":"Drainage system (geomorphology)","level":3,"score":0.5428952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.5159455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.5072977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47025764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207318512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360925","display_name":"Meltwater","level":3,"score":0.44764376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100834320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","display_name":"Glacier","level":2,"score":0.4424109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43946168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3976113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.34806693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.25980583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19031206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.16261181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08313608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jgrf.20146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jgrf.20146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168721","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","issn_l":"2169-9003","issn":["2169-9011","2169-9003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320503","host_organization_name":"Wiley-Blackwell","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320503","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley-Blackwell","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.66}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130258813","https://openalex.org/W134562466","https://openalex.org/W157650209","https://openalex.org/W1517433839","https://openalex.org/W1542168337","https://openalex.org/W1642016250","https://openalex.org/W1667107626","https://openalex.org/W1968221378","https://openalex.org/W1976043511","https://openalex.org/W1977076423","https://openalex.org/W1978840772","https://openalex.org/W1982471565","https://openalex.org/W1982885637","https://openalex.org/W1983646865","https://openalex.org/W1984949207","https://openalex.org/W1988201156","https://openalex.org/W1996340204","https://openalex.org/W2013346221","https://openalex.org/W2028948458","https://openalex.org/W2032237410","https://openalex.org/W2032604011","https://openalex.org/W2047456487","https://openalex.org/W2047507732","https://openalex.org/W2051675253","https://openalex.org/W2054135075","https://openalex.org/W2058790225","https://openalex.org/W2066295726","https://openalex.org/W2080067931","https://openalex.org/W2085035805","https://openalex.org/W2088097382","https://openalex.org/W2089567445","https://openalex.org/W2096887168","https://openalex.org/W2097187375","https://openalex.org/W2104610745","https://openalex.org/W2108611747","https://openalex.org/W2109507883","https://openalex.org/W2114768743","https://openalex.org/W2120303917","https://openalex.org/W2125884203","https://openalex.org/W2129412583","https://openalex.org/W2135141994","https://openalex.org/W2138963913","https://openalex.org/W2141914059","https://openalex.org/W2164561843","https://openalex.org/W2165272100","https://openalex.org/W2167022996","https://openalex.org/W2168738907","https://openalex.org/W2170329098","https://openalex.org/W2324089911","https://openalex.org/W4230799597","https://openalex.org/W4235556738","https://openalex.org/W4241037590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119255628","https://openalex.org/W2070601218","https://openalex.org/W2134848729","https://openalex.org/W2060721995","https://openalex.org/W2159328690","https://openalex.org/W4235556738","https://openalex.org/W1596346028","https://openalex.org/W4293795375","https://openalex.org/W197319946","https://openalex.org/W2043284444"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1492950700/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"[1]":[0],"We":[1,195],"present":[2],"a":[3,28,50,85,114,123,185,217,226],"two-dimensional":[4],"Glacier":[5],"Drainage":[6],"System":[7],"model":[8,112,154,212,250],"(GlaDS)":[9],"that":[10,24,41],"couples":[11],"distributed":[12],"and":[13,66,179,184,207,220,244],"channelized":[14],"subglacial":[15,79,161],"water":[16,30,76,176,191],"flow.":[17],"Distributed":[18],"flow":[19,36,100],"occurs":[20,37],"through":[21,38],"linked":[22],"cavities":[23],"are":[25,82,232],"represented":[26],"as":[27,72],"continuous":[29],"sheet":[31,93],"of":[32,46,49,54,75,122,130,159,181,190,199,239,248],"variable":[33],"thickness.":[34],"Channelized":[35],"Röthlisberger":[39],"channels":[40],"can":[42],"form":[43],"on":[44,202],"any":[45],"the":[47,78,99,104,111,120,131,135,153,156,160,170,182,197,203,240,246,249],"edges":[48,133],"prescribed,":[51],"unstructured":[52],"network":[53,132],"potential":[55],"channels.":[56,171],"Water":[57],"storage":[58],"is":[59,101,193,213],"accounted":[60],"for":[61,84,107],"in":[62,67,103,143,178],"an":[63,91],"englacial":[64],"aquifer":[65],"moulins,":[68],"which":[69,117],"also":[70],"act":[71],"point":[73],"sources":[74],"to":[77,89,119,139,145,216,251],"system.":[80,126],"Solutions":[81],"presented":[83],"synthetic":[86],"topography":[87],"designed":[88],"mimic":[90],"ice":[92],"margin.":[94],"For":[95],"low":[96,165],"discharge,":[97,110],"all":[98],"accommodated":[102],"sheet,":[105],"whereas":[106],"sufficiently":[108],"high":[109],"exhibits":[113],"channelization":[115],"instability":[116],"leads":[118],"formation":[121],"self-organized":[124],"channel":[125,136,204],"The":[127,211,230],"random":[128],"orientation":[129],"allows":[134],"system":[137,205,243],"geometry":[138],"be":[140],"relatively":[141],"unbiased,":[142],"contrast":[144],"previous":[146],"structured":[147],"grid-based":[148],"models.":[149],"Under":[150,172],"steady":[151],"conditions,":[152],"supports":[155],"classical":[157],"view":[158],"drainage":[162,242],"system,":[163],"with":[164,222,235],"pressure":[166],"regions":[167],"forming":[168],"around":[169],"diurnally":[173],"varying":[174],"input,":[175],"flows":[177],"out":[180],"channels,":[183],"rather":[186],"complex":[187],"spatiotemporal":[188],"pattern":[189],"pressures":[192],"predicted.":[194],"explore":[196],"effects":[198],"parameter":[200],"variations":[201],"topology":[206],"mean":[208],"effective":[209],"pressure.":[210],"then":[214],"applied":[215],"mountain":[218],"glacier":[219,241],"forced":[221],"meltwater":[223],"calculated":[224],"by":[225],"temperature":[227],"index":[228],"model.":[229],"results":[231],"broadly":[233],"consistent":[234],"our":[236],"current":[237],"understanding":[238],"demonstrate":[245],"applicability":[247],"real":[252],"settings.":[253]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1492950700","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T22:41:16.718015","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.844988":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1929007732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.844988","title":"The Austrian Glacier Inventories GI 1 (1969), GI 2 (1998), GI 3 (2006), and GI LIA in ArcGIS (shapefile) format","display_name":"The Austrian Glacier Inventories GI 1 (1969), GI 2 (1998), GI 3 (2006), and GI LIA in ArcGIS (shapefile) format","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1929007732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.844988","mag":"1929007732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.844988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"dataset","type_crossref":"dataset","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076141473","display_name":"Andrea Fischer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Fischer","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031364695","display_name":"Bernd Seiser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Seiser","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057204253","display_name":"Martin Stocker-Waldhuber","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Stocker-Waldhuber","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001677654","display_name":"Christian Mitterer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-7926"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Mitterer","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021216095","display_name":"Jakob Abermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-1868"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Abermann","raw_affiliation_string":"","raw_affiliation_strings":[]}],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":81,"max":83},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"austrian glacier inventories gi","score":0.8103},{"keyword":"gi lia","score":0.3311},{"keyword":"shapefile","score":0.3285},{"keyword":"arcgis","score":0.2994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116394254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278934","display_name":"Shapefile","level":3,"score":0.8018495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.36130536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1437178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.061784565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.844988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.65},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.11}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W932410203","https://openalex.org/W1192469513","https://openalex.org/W1481064920","https://openalex.org/W2203045080","https://openalex.org/W2225442966","https://openalex.org/W2233293186","https://openalex.org/W2239924590","https://openalex.org/W2254599126","https://openalex.org/W2275347552","https://openalex.org/W2290218886","https://openalex.org/W2292429973","https://openalex.org/W2298290416","https://openalex.org/W2527735957","https://openalex.org/W2588059505","https://openalex.org/W2596126973","https://openalex.org/W2626272909","https://openalex.org/W2726049574","https://openalex.org/W2750911579","https://openalex.org/W2755615333","https://openalex.org/W2755729721"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1929007732/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1929007732","counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2023-12-11T01:12:53.591658","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004855192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020","title":"GRANTISM: An ExcelTM model for Greenland and Antarctic ice-sheet response to climate changes","display_name":"GRANTISM: An ExcelTM model for Greenland and Antarctic ice-sheet response to climate changes","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004855192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020","mag":"2004855192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61699894","display_name":"Computers \u0026 Geosciences","issn_l":"0098-3004","issn":["1873-7803","0098-3004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087510223","display_name":"Frank Pattyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-5636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Pattyn","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography (WE–DGGF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B–1050 Brussel, Belgium","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography (WE–DGGF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B–1050 Brussel, Belgium"]}],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087510223"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":15,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":88},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"316","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"greenland","score":0.444},{"keyword":"climate","score":0.3891},{"keyword":"ice-sheet","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.8293173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.82100844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.73028934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.5430393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.54134184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5218424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5209716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146233495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841083","display_name":"Future sea level","level":5,"score":0.48321307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.46682328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.43171638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.39528897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.38042375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.3708133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.20122564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61699894","display_name":"Computers \u0026 Geosciences","issn_l":"0098-3004","issn":["1873-7803","0098-3004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.75}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6035437","https://openalex.org/W28136723","https://openalex.org/W138819265","https://openalex.org/W1602701657","https://openalex.org/W1624104772","https://openalex.org/W1637436322","https://openalex.org/W1645040370","https://openalex.org/W1991463793","https://openalex.org/W2010233973","https://openalex.org/W2040982087","https://openalex.org/W2046172844","https://openalex.org/W2055989888","https://openalex.org/W2068935346","https://openalex.org/W2078420592","https://openalex.org/W2088981934","https://openalex.org/W2115178268","https://openalex.org/W2128202954","https://openalex.org/W2143082338","https://openalex.org/W2166166390","https://openalex.org/W4234727297","https://openalex.org/W4244772239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W247331267","https://openalex.org/W3110375052","https://openalex.org/W4247150859","https://openalex.org/W4298227173","https://openalex.org/W1721371904","https://openalex.org/W4317470478","https://openalex.org/W4385366989","https://openalex.org/W2276037845","https://openalex.org/W2164248888","https://openalex.org/W4318473694"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2004855192/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,4,14,44,66,85,110,119,123],"last":[2],"decades,":[3],"response":[5],"of":[6,53,65],"large":[7,51],"ice":[8,18,70],"sheets":[9],"on":[10,43,57],"Earth,":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,47,101],"Greenland":[15,67],"and":[16,68,89,109],"Antarctic":[17,69],"sheets,":[19],"to":[20,95],"changes":[21,96],"in":[22,91,97],"climate":[23],"has":[24],"been":[25],"successfully":[26],"simulated":[27],"with":[28],"large-scale":[29],"numerical":[30,83],"ice-sheet":[31,103],"models.":[32],"Since":[33],"these":[34],"models":[35,104],"are":[36,40],"highly":[37],"sophisticated,":[38],"they":[39,48],"only":[41],"applicable":[42],"scientific":[45],"level":[46],"demand":[49],"a":[50,60,92,113],"amount":[52],"CPU":[54],"time.":[55],"Based":[56],"similar":[58,93],"physics,":[59],"computationally":[61],"fast":[62,88],"flowline":[63],"model":[64,86,120],"sheet":[71],"is":[72],"presented":[73],"here,":[74],"primarily":[75],"designed":[76],"for":[77,122],"educational":[78],"purposes.":[79],"Using":[80],"an":[81],"over-implicit":[82],"scheme,":[84],"runs":[87],"behaves":[90],"way":[94],"background":[98],"temperature":[99],"forcing":[100],"major":[102],"do.":[105],"A":[106],"user-friendly":[107],"interface":[108],"implementation":[111],"within":[112],"common":[114],"spreadsheet":[115],"program":[116],"(ExcelTM)":[117],"make":[118],"suitable":[121],"classroom.":[124]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004855192","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-15T14:20:12.525291","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792995347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177","title":"GRANTSISM: An Excel™ ice sheet model for use in introductory Earth science courses","display_name":"GRANTSISM: An Excel™ ice sheet model for use in introductory Earth science courses","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792995347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177","mag":"2792995347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765076859","display_name":"Journal of Geoscience Education","issn_l":"1089-9995","issn":["2158-1428","1089-9995"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor \u0026 Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060415704","display_name":"Nina Kirchner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-5527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161097","display_name":"Bolin Centre for Climate Research","ror":"https://ror.org/058zxsr17","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293302089","https://openalex.org/I161593684","https://openalex.org/I4210161097","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Kirchner","raw_affiliation_string":"Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Centre for Naval Architecture, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden; Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden","Centre for Naval Architecture, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden","Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028096470","display_name":"Eef van Dongen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4290-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eef van Dongen","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, CC Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden","Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, CC Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066038767","display_name":"Evan J. Gowan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan J. Gowan","raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087510223","display_name":"Frank Pattyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-5636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Université Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Pattyn","raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007525728","display_name":"Riko Noormets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-386X"},"institutions":[],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riko Noormets","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051615747","display_name":"Martin Jakobsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-3559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161097","display_name":"Bolin Centre for Climate Research","ror":"https://ror.org/058zxsr17","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293302089","https://openalex.org/I161593684","https://openalex.org/I4210161097","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Jakobsson","raw_affiliation_string":"Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden; Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden","Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024453864","display_name":"Ólafur Inǵólfsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165368041","display_name":"University of Iceland","ror":"https://ror.org/01db6h964","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ólafur Ingólfsson","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway; Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway","Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060415704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684","https://openalex.org/I4210161097","https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":3198,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3449,"provenance":"openapc"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":2,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":76,"max":79},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"2","first_page":"109","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"introductory earth science courses","score":0.5727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.7826242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776343770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477856","display_name":"Fact sheet","level":2,"score":0.7287909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.5781926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.50076413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.47088417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777626052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q516445","display_name":"Bachelor","level":2,"score":0.45887366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780021526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542432","display_name":"Greenland ice sheet","level":3,"score":0.4518388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.43292737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87547467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46966","display_name":"Ice shelf","level":4,"score":0.3466655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.31502476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.30760577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19870555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19850624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.19828951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.10081363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765076859","display_name":"Journal of Geoscience Education","issn_l":"1089-9995","issn":["2158-1428","1089-9995"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor \u0026 Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/46630/1/Kirchner_et_al_2018_GRANTSISM_An_Excel_ice_sheet_model_for_use_in_introductory_Earth_science_courses.pdf","pdf_url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/46630/1/Kirchner_et_al_2018_GRANTSISM_An_Excel_ice_sheet_model_for_use_in_introductory_Earth_science_courses.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400378","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799732068","host_organization_name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799732068"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Prince Alfred Hospital"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765076859","display_name":"Journal of Geoscience Education","issn_l":"1089-9995","issn":["2158-1428","1089-9995"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor \u0026 Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.66},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.19}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1913114607","https://openalex.org/W1993799765","https://openalex.org/W2004855192","https://openalex.org/W2007545271","https://openalex.org/W2016039854","https://openalex.org/W2027437826","https://openalex.org/W2043143266","https://openalex.org/W2069070106","https://openalex.org/W2072962344","https://openalex.org/W2108316510","https://openalex.org/W2110072752","https://openalex.org/W2123202557","https://openalex.org/W2136232108","https://openalex.org/W2151074432","https://openalex.org/W2158918602","https://openalex.org/W2160303336","https://openalex.org/W2164676449","https://openalex.org/W2188162393","https://openalex.org/W2261925046","https://openalex.org/W2266070017","https://openalex.org/W2320249130","https://openalex.org/W2347141945","https://openalex.org/W2396989526","https://openalex.org/W2559395660","https://openalex.org/W4232545369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1721371904","https://openalex.org/W247331267","https://openalex.org/W4247150859","https://openalex.org/W3041088353","https://openalex.org/W4220666647","https://openalex.org/W1975806685","https://openalex.org/W2166382922","https://openalex.org/W4238931766","https://openalex.org/W3127939316","https://openalex.org/W2981524799"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2792995347/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"GRANTISM":[0,17],"(GReenland":[1],"and":[2,103,108,139,149],"ANTarctic":[3],"Ice":[4,24,38],"Sheet":[5,25],"Model)":[6],"is":[7,18,44,204,209],"an":[8,31,221,234],"educational":[9],"Excel™":[10],"model":[11],"introduced":[12],"by":[13,136,159],"Pattyn":[14],"(2006).":[15],"Here,":[16,145],"amended":[19],"to":[20,83,94,100,123,211,217,227,242],"simulate":[21],"the":[22,27,34,46,68,178,195,201],"Svalbard-Barents-Sea":[23],"during":[26],"Last":[28],"Glacial":[29],"Maximum,":[30],"analogue":[32],"for":[33,71,173,236],"contemporary":[35],"West":[36],"Antarctic":[37],"Sheet.":[39],"A":[40,185],"new":[41],"name,":[42],"“GRANTSISM,”":[43],"suggested;":[45],"added":[47],"S":[48],"represents":[49],"Svalbard.":[50],"GRANTSISM":[51,88,110,148,156,208],"introduces":[52],"students":[53,119,160],"of":[54,106,177,198],"bachelor's":[55],"or":[56,63,77],"master's":[57],"programs":[58],"in":[59,67,80,98,114,117,166,223],"Earth":[60],"sciences":[61],"(first":[62],"second":[64],"cycle":[65],"program":[66],"Bologna":[69],"system":[70],"higher":[72],"education),":[73],"but":[74],"with":[75,155,189,220],"little":[76],"no":[78,163],"background":[79],"numerical":[81,243],"modeling,":[82],"basic":[84],"ice":[85,95,167,224,228,244],"sheet":[86,96,126,168,225,229,245],"modeling.":[87,169,230,246],"provides":[89],"hands-on":[90],"learning":[91,153,179,239],"experiences":[92,240],"related":[93,241],"dynamics":[97],"response":[99,171,203],"climate":[101],"forcing,":[102],"fosters":[104],"understanding":[105],"processes":[107],"feedbacks.":[109],"was":[111,181],"successfully":[112],"used":[113],"noncompulsory":[115,175],"courses":[116],"which":[118],"have":[120],"been":[121],"able":[122],"reproduce":[124],"paleo-ice":[125],"evolution":[127],"scenarios":[128],"discussed":[129],"here":[130],"as":[131],"examples.":[132],"Students":[133],"progressed":[134],"further":[135],"designing,":[137],"developing,":[138],"analyzing":[140],"their":[141],"own":[142],"modeling":[143],"scenarios.":[144],"we":[146],"describe":[147],"report":[150],"on":[151],"how":[152],"activities":[154],"were":[157],"assessed":[158],"who":[161],"had":[162],"prior":[164],"experience":[165],"The":[170],"rate":[172],"a":[174,190,213],"survey":[176],"activity":[180],"less":[182],"than":[183],"40%.":[184],"subsequent":[186],"control":[187],"experiment":[188],"compulsory":[191],"survey,":[192],"however,":[193],"showed":[194],"same":[196],"patterns":[197],"answers,":[199],"so":[200],"student":[202],"considered":[205],"representative.":[206],"First,":[207],"concluded":[210],"be":[212],"highly":[214],"attractive":[215],"tool":[216],"introduce":[218],"learners":[219],"interest":[222,235],"behavior":[226],"Second,":[231],"it":[232],"triggers":[233],"more":[237],"in-depth":[238]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2792995347","counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2023-12-17T07:34:31.526921","created_date":"2018-03-29"},"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232x(02)00073-3":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1504592712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-232x(02)00073-3","title":"A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning","display_name":"A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1504592712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-232x(02)00073-3","mag":"1504592712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-232x(02)00073-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141892599","display_name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","issn_l":"0165-232X","issn":["0165-232X","1872-7441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023654022","display_name":"Michael Lehning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8442-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lehning","raw_affiliation_string":"WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082086403","display_name":"Perry Bartelt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-175X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perry Bartelt","raw_affiliation_string":"WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014700084","display_name":"Bob Brown","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob Brown","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029630689","display_name":"Charles Fierz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-6732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Fierz","raw_affiliation_string":"WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066989881","display_name":"P. K. Satyawali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173811610","display_name":"Snow \u0026 Avalanche Study Estt","ror":"https://ror.org/003e1fb38","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340206300","https://openalex.org/I173811610"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","display_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2800262456"]}],"countries":["CH","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Satyawali","raw_affiliation_string":"Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Manali, India; WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Manali, India","WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastr. 11, CH-7260 Davos-Dorf, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023654022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2700,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2700,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":433,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"147","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"physical snowpack model","score":0.7509},{"keyword":"swiss avalanche","score":0.6571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18575846","display_name":"Snowpack","level":3,"score":0.94809306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7947968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6791749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.5649802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.54849684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46287444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.44722313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3603411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.35962594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3375231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3232274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15064886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14560324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1238375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-232x(02)00073-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141892599","display_name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","issn_l":"0165-232X","issn":["0165-232X","1872-7441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.48},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.12}],"grants":[],"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17120205","https://openalex.org/W97110029","https://openalex.org/W107948071","https://openalex.org/W113391945","https://openalex.org/W132837105","https://openalex.org/W178907388","https://openalex.org/W180022502","https://openalex.org/W200850969","https://openalex.org/W1249345106","https://openalex.org/W1625619841","https://openalex.org/W1974242042","https://openalex.org/W1986806998","https://openalex.org/W1992882132","https://openalex.org/W2002902826","https://openalex.org/W2003395264","https://openalex.org/W2006833122","https://openalex.org/W2027936132","https://openalex.org/W2030595638","https://openalex.org/W2032866090","https://openalex.org/W2074964999","https://openalex.org/W2087605884","https://openalex.org/W2099762141","https://openalex.org/W2133726245","https://openalex.org/W2164690712","https://openalex.org/W2314892647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282506930","https://openalex.org/W2110091907","https://openalex.org/W253341182","https://openalex.org/W2187012855","https://openalex.org/W3170438605","https://openalex.org/W2334725915","https://openalex.org/W2050853938","https://openalex.org/W2038298935","https://openalex.org/W2794575618","https://openalex.org/W2763806468"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W1504592712/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56,89,147,198],"snow":[1,10,20,78,110,133,181],"cover":[2,111,134],"model":[3,8,216],"SNOWPACK":[4],"includes":[5,138],"a":[6,50,73,123],"detailed":[7],"of":[9,19,52,86,109,126,162,194],"microstructure":[11,27,102],"and":[12,34,68,98,120,183],"metamorphism.":[13],"In":[14],"SNOWPACK,":[15],"the":[16,24,45,53,76,84,93,107,131,139,160,172,175,192,195,204,214,220],"complex":[17],"texture":[18],"is":[21,104,135,170,201,217],"described":[22],"using":[23],"four":[25],"primary":[26],"parameters:":[28],"grain":[29,79],"size,":[30,32,149],"bond":[31,148],"dendricity":[33],"sphericity.":[35],"For":[36],"each":[37],"parameter,":[38],"rate":[39,57],"equations":[40,58],"are":[41,59,81,188],"developed":[42],"that":[43],"predict":[44],"development":[46],"in":[47,145,166,203,219],"time":[48,174],"as":[49,65],"function":[51],"environmental":[54],"conditions.":[55],"based":[60],"on":[61,69,83,114,117],"theoretical":[62],"considerations":[63],"such":[64],"mixture":[66],"theory":[67],"empirical":[70],"relations.":[71],"With":[72],"classification":[74],"scheme,":[75],"conventional":[77],"types":[80],"predicted":[82],"basis":[85],"those":[87,127],"parameters.":[88],"approach":[90],"to":[91,101,106,130,190],"link":[92],"bulk":[94],"constitutive":[95],"properties,":[96],"viscosity":[97,119,168,182],"thermal":[99,121,184],"conductivity":[100],"parameters":[103],"novel":[105],"field":[108],"modeling.":[112],"Expanding":[113],"existing":[115],"knowledge":[116],"microstructure-based":[118],"conductivity,":[122],"complete":[124,211],"description":[125],"quantities":[128],"applicable":[129],"seasonal":[132],"presented.":[136,197],"This":[137],"strong":[140],"coupling":[141],"between":[142],"physical":[143],"processes":[144,156],"snow:":[146],"which":[150],"changes":[151],"not":[152],"only":[153],"through":[154,159],"metamorphic":[155],"but":[157],"also":[158],"process":[161],"pressure":[163],"sintering":[164],"(included":[165],"our":[167],"formulation),":[169],"at":[171],"same":[173],"single":[176],"most":[177],"important":[178],"parameter":[179],"for":[180,213],"conductivity.":[185],"Laboratory":[186],"results":[187],"used":[189],"illustrate":[191],"performance":[193],"formulations":[196],"numerical":[199],"implementation":[200],"treated":[202],"companion":[205,221],"paper":[206,222],"Part":[207,223],"I.":[208],"A":[209],"more":[210],"evaluation":[212],"entire":[215],"found":[218],"III.":[224]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1504592712","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2023-12-14T08:06:55.109413","created_date":"2016-06-24"},"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2785695140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018","title":"SMRT: an active–passive microwave radiative transfer model for snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations (v1.0)","display_name":"SMRT: an active–passive microwave radiative transfer model for snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations (v1.0)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2785695140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018","mag":"2785695140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2763/2018/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2763/2018/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065366159","display_name":"Ghislain Picard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121220","display_name":"Institute of Environmental Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01wwcfa26","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I4210121220","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210150872","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Université Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"French National Centre for Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghislain Picard","raw_affiliation_string":"UGA, CNRS, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), UMR 5001, 38041 Grenoble, France","raw_affiliation_strings":["UGA, CNRS, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), UMR 5001, 38041 Grenoble, France"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003123416","display_name":"Melody Sandells","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-5163"},"institutions":[],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melody Sandells","raw_affiliation_string":"CORES Science and Engineering Limited, Burnopfield, UK","raw_affiliation_strings":["CORES Science and Engineering Limited, Burnopfield, UK"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019261279","display_name":"Henning Löwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-6809"},"institutions":[],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henning Löwe","raw_affiliation_string":"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065366159","https://openalex.org/A5003123416","https://openalex.org/A5019261279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121220","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1725,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2103,"provenance":"openapc"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":51,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"2763","last_page":"2788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"keywords":[{"keyword":"scattering","score":0.4066},{"keyword":"snow","score":0.405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.69512343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.6864881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.5656177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.5175418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5050629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.4873808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.47422314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.47264475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.46709225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.44804725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.43277237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.42570853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.41126442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3620876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.312778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2910948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25728482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.21112552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12743837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10721713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2763/2018/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/42965/1/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/42965/1/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Northumbria University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A18114","pdf_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A18114/datastream/PDF/Picard-2018-SMRT-%28published_version%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401379","display_name":"DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800262456","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800262456"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2763/2018/","pdf_url":"https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/11/2763/2018/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400433","display_name":"Biogeosciences (European Geosciences Union)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799957102","host_organization_name":"European Geosciences Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799957102"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Geosciences Union"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018","pdf_url":"https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/2763/2018/gmd-11-2763-2018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60406085","display_name":"Geoscientific Model Development","issn_l":"1991-959X","issn":["1991-9603","1991-959X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.86}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency","award_id":"4000112698/14/NL/LvH"}],"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26381515","https://openalex.org/W85707622","https://openalex.org/W1523585575","https://openalex.org/W1565866162","https://openalex.org/W1573842823","https://openalex.org/W1580827583","https://openalex.org/W1596638346","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1849658156","https://openalex.org/W1913171807","https://openalex.org/W1963826241","https://openalex.org/W1966251346","https://openalex.org/W1969786533","https://openalex.org/W1972088454","https://openalex.org/W1972774707","https://openalex.org/W1974376127","https://openalex.org/W1975420730","https://openalex.org/W1978524841","https://openalex.org/W1978836251","https://openalex.org/W1982351755","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W1988386360","https://openalex.org/W1989943753","https://openalex.org/W1990936753","https://openalex.org/W1990994937","https://openalex.org/W1995733755","https://openalex.org/W1996643246","https://openalex.org/W1998463807","https://openalex.org/W2009068183","https://openalex.org/W2009927232","https://openalex.org/W2010738746","https://openalex.org/W2011205060","https://openalex.org/W2013619723","https://openalex.org/W2015954853","https://openalex.org/W2022054797","https://openalex.org/W2024557266","https://openalex.org/W2025891039","https://openalex.org/W2027162707","https://openalex.org/W2028271023","https://openalex.org/W2034052202","https://openalex.org/W2034305030","https://openalex.org/W2034387300","https://openalex.org/W2035204942","https://openalex.org/W2035674356","https://openalex.org/W2036842696","https://openalex.org/W2037847273","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2042534397","https://openalex.org/W2048890782","https://openalex.org/W2049307092","https://openalex.org/W2058457382","https://openalex.org/W2061897019","https://openalex.org/W2064647810","https://openalex.org/W2080367660","https://openalex.org/W2084187322","https://openalex.org/W2085238612","https://openalex.org/W2087341643","https://openalex.org/W2090126868","https://openalex.org/W2090430602","https://openalex.org/W2090977430","https://openalex.org/W2091456458","https://openalex.org/W2093443039","https://openalex.org/W2098136734","https://openalex.org/W2101677516","https://openalex.org/W2105035156","https://openalex.org/W2107745040","https://openalex.org/W2108012047","https://openalex.org/W2108291746","https://openalex.org/W2111951939","https://openalex.org/W2113439457","https://openalex.org/W2113659800","https://openalex.org/W2114002713","https://openalex.org/W2115817712","https://openalex.org/W2119113448","https://openalex.org/W2121903748","https://openalex.org/W2122474448","https://openalex.org/W2126899566","https://openalex.org/W2128708221","https://openalex.org/W2131010628","https://openalex.org/W2135873754","https://openalex.org/W2136366922","https://openalex.org/W2137733796","https://openalex.org/W2140885274","https://openalex.org/W2144546429","https://openalex.org/W2147982670","https://openalex.org/W2150976842","https://openalex.org/W2153451646","https://openalex.org/W2154221573","https://openalex.org/W2154675655","https://openalex.org/W2155621723","https://openalex.org/W2156395609","https://openalex.org/W2157343960","https://openalex.org/W2160525401","https://openalex.org/W2163102789","https://openalex.org/W2165043908","https://openalex.org/W2167038679","https://openalex.org/W2168236954","https://openalex.org/W2168490070","https://openalex.org/W2169335621","https://openalex.org/W2169737562","https://openalex.org/W2171006361","https://openalex.org/W2205728179","https://openalex.org/W2221701072","https://openalex.org/W2293697985","https://openalex.org/W2342483206","https://openalex.org/W2416252888","https://openalex.org/W2480988658","https://openalex.org/W2528913673","https://openalex.org/W2570633972","https://openalex.org/W2597417278","https://openalex.org/W4214498428","https://openalex.org/W4230327365","https://openalex.org/W4235956130","https://openalex.org/W4242650470","https://openalex.org/W4242938106","https://openalex.org/W4298338318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080179804","https://openalex.org/W2071046377","https://openalex.org/W4321273529","https://openalex.org/W4321518187","https://openalex.org/W3187193180","https://openalex.org/W106542691","https://openalex.org/W4287027380","https://openalex.org/W1699080303","https://openalex.org/W4297799326","https://openalex.org/W3116064965"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W2785695140/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"The":[1,26,183],"Snow":[2],"Microwave":[3],"Radiative":[4],"Transfer":[5],"(SMRT)":[6],"thermal":[7],"emission":[8],"and":[9,48,71,118,131,153,175,195],"backscatter":[10],"model":[11,24,27,203],"was":[12,134],"developed":[13],"to":[14,75,97,136,156,173,179],"determine":[15],"uncertainties":[16],"in":[17,38,52,145,171,199,206],"forward":[18],"modeling":[19],"through":[20],"intercomparison":[21],"of":[22,36,45,81,88,93,189,193],"different":[23,41,91,217],"ingredients.":[25],"differs":[28],"from":[29],"established":[30,129],"models":[31],"by":[32],"the":[33,59,66,77,86,94,99,106,116,181,190],"high":[34],"degree":[35],"flexibility":[37],"switching":[39],"between":[40,115],"electromagnetic":[42,79],"theories,":[43,219],"representations":[44],"snow":[46,83,100,148],"microstructure,":[47],"other":[49,210],"modules":[50],"involved":[51],"various":[53],"calculation":[54],"steps.":[55],"SMRT":[56,133,194],"v1.0":[57],"includes":[58],"dense":[60],"media":[61,211],"radiative":[62],"transfer":[63],"theory":[64],"(DMRT),":[65],"improved":[67],"Born":[68],"approximation":[69],"(IBA),":[70],"independent":[72],"Rayleigh":[73],"scatterers":[74],"compute":[76],"intrinsic":[78],"properties":[80,149],"a":[82,166,186],"layer.":[84],"In":[85],"case":[87],"IBA,":[89],"five":[90],"formulations":[92],"autocorrelation":[95],"function":[96],"describe":[98],"microstructure":[101,225],"characteristics":[102],"are":[103,150],"available,":[104],"including":[105],"sticky":[107],"hard":[108],"sphere":[109],"model,":[110],"for":[111],"which":[112],"close":[113],"equivalence":[114],"IBA":[117],"DMRT":[119],"theories":[120,130],"has":[121],"been":[122],"shown":[123],"here.":[124],"Validation":[125],"is":[126,169],"demonstrated":[127],"against":[128],"models.":[132,226],"used":[135],"identify":[137],"that":[138,165],"several":[139],"former":[140],"studies":[141],"conducting":[142],"simulations":[143],"with":[144],"situ":[146],"measured":[147],"now":[151],"comparable":[152],"moreover":[154],"appear":[155],"be":[157],"quantitatively":[158],"nearly":[159],"equivalent.":[160],"This":[161],"study":[162],"also":[163],"proves":[164],"third":[167],"parameter":[168],"needed":[170],"addition":[172],"density":[174],"specific":[176],"surface":[177,221],"area":[178],"characterize":[180],"microstructure.":[182],"paper":[184],"provides":[185],"comprehensive":[187],"description":[188],"mathematical":[191],"basis":[192],"its":[196],"numerical":[197],"implementation":[198],"Python.":[200],"Modularity":[201],"supports":[202],"extensions":[204],"foreseen":[205],"future":[207],"versions":[208],"comprising":[209],"(e.g.,":[212],"sea":[213],"ice,":[214],"frozen":[215],"lakes),":[216],"scattering":[218],"rough":[220],"models,":[222],"or":[223],"new":[224]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2785695140","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2023-12-16T06:27:37.281967","created_date":"2018-02-23"}},"citation_counts":{"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04704":0,"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1203-2019":26,"https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001015":130,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-90":0,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-909-2019":114,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011":260,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2443-2021":5,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1161-2013":37,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-273":0,"http://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG13J081":25,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5645-2020":15,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1591-2013":51,"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090213":1,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2147-2016":16,"https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003087":204,"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829566":195,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2955-2018":22,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1851-2017":54,"https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.59":27,"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00054":273,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1125-2019":146,"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8276":148,"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7055":277,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012":179,"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3931-2018":13,"https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.3":14,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015":76,"https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003842":37,"https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405951":112,"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002943":68,"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020622":25,"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0211":84,"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146":197,"https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.844988":3,"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.020":10,"https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1412177":2,"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232x(02)00073-3":303,"https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2763-2018":51},"total_citations":3200,"keywords_from_contributors":["glacier","earth-observation","open-science","glaciology","climate","earth-science","icesat-2","digital-elevation-model","antarctica","binder"],"project_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/1201","html_url":"https://ost.ecosyste.ms/projects/1201"}